Méthodes de caractérisation thermo-mecanique des éco-matériaux et modèles d’évaluation du confort et de la performance énergétique des bâtiments

Heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems are the main source of the significant energy consumption of buildings. Their use is justified by the need to ensure the hygrothermal comfort of the occupants. However, the use of eco-materials in the building envelope represents a passive means of improving indoor thermal comfort. They therefore contribute to reducing the energy consumption of buildings. Thus, in order to carry out our research work on the influence of the thermal and hydric inertia of eco-materials on the energy efficiency of buildings, a bibliographical study was carried out on eco-materials and the concepts of thermal comfort and energy efficiency in buildings. At the end of this study, the clay - quackgrass straw composite was chosen for the continuation of our work. Methods such as hot tape, gravimetric method and mechanical compression and bending tests were respectively chosen to carry out the thermal (thermal conductivity and thermal effusivity), hydric (sorption isotherms) and mechanical characterizations of the composite. These data will then feed the simulations under TRNSYS and Wufi in order to compare the energy and thermal comfort performances of this composite with those of a building built with conventional materials. The ‘〖PMV〗_new’ and the 'Evidence-based model calibration for energy services' are the methods chosen to assess the thermal comfort level in the test building and its energy consumption profile respectively.