Identification et caractérisation des sous-unités ELP5 et ELP6 du complexe Elongator humain

Doctoral thesis (2013)

Familial Dysautonomia is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects the autonomic and sensory nervous systems. This disease results from loss-of-function mutations of the ELP1-encoding gene. ELP1 is ... [more ▼]

Familial Dysautonomia is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects the autonomic and sensory nervous systems. This disease results from loss-of-function mutations of the ELP1-encoding gene. ELP1 is required for the integrity of the so-called Elongator complex, which is composed of two sub-proteins complexes, namely the core-Elongator (ELP1 to ELP3) and HAP (ELP4 to ELP6). While ELP3 is acting as an acetyltransferase that target multiple substrates such as nuclear histones and cytoplasmic α-tubulin, the ELP4-6 has been recently described as an ATPase. This complex has been initially identified as a component of a hyperphosphorylated RNA polymerase II holoenzyme. As a result, Elongator is involved in transcriptional elongation. Since, other roles have been assigned. Elongator is indeed also required for some tRNA modifications in the cytoplasm and consequently controls translation fidelity. Those molecular functions underlie the capacity of Elongator to regulate cell division, DNA-damage response and cell motility. It is likely that a better understanding of the molecular functions of Elongator will clarify its role in these cellular processes and probably highlight new features. The identity of human ELP1 through ELP4 has been reported but human ELP5 and ELP6 have remained uncharacterized. We therefore initiated a study dedicated to the identification and characterization of both proteins. A biochemical purification of ELP4 was conducted to isolate all associated proteins. Such experimental approach led to the identification of DERP6 and C3ORF75 as human ELP5 and ELP6 subunits of the Elongator complex, respectively. We further investigated the cellular functions of both subunits by combining biochemical analysis and cellular assays. Our results show that DERP6/Elp5 is required for the integrity and the fucntion of Elongator and directly connects ELP3 to ELP4. Our laboratory has previously demonstrated the key role of Elongator in cell migration. As cell motility is required for cell invasion and metastasis, we therefore investigated to which extent Elongator is involved in those processes. The migration and tumorigenicity of melanoma-derived cells are significantly decreased upon Elongator invalidation through Elp1 or Elp3 depletion. Strikingly, DERP6/Elp5 and C3ORF75/Elp6-depleted melanoma cells have similar defects, further supporting the idea that DERP6/Elp5 and C3ORF75/Elp6 are essential for Elongator function. Together, our data identify DERP6/ELP5 and C3ORF75/ELP6 as key players for migration, invasion and tumorigenicity of melanoma cells, as integral subunits of Elongator. [less ▲]

Analytical evaluation of virgin olive oils produced from three varieties Koroneiki , Arbequina and Arbosana grown in east of Morocco

Poster (2013, April)

An in-line shearography setup based on circular polarization gratings

in Optics & Lasers in Engineering (2013)

The shearing amount defines the resolution of a speckle shearing interferometer and the shearing direction defines the sensitivity direction of the setup. The properties of circular (cycloid) holographic ... [more ▼]

The shearing amount defines the resolution of a speckle shearing interferometer and the shearing direction defines the sensitivity direction of the setup. The properties of circular (cycloid) holographic polarization gratings recorded in liquid crystal polymers can be used to build a new multi-shearing direction and amount shearography setup. The polarization states of the diffracted beams offer an easy way to produce phase shifts and thus to compute the phase contained in the shearograms. The theoretical bases of such a device are highlighted and an original compact and full in-line setup is proposed. First experimental results of delamination detection and flaw detection by shearography are presented. A discussion on the importance of the grating recording and the polarization orientation points out the best working requirements. [less ▲]

Quadratization of symmetric pseudo-Boolean functions

Conference (2013, April)

We consider the problem of minimizing an arbitrary pseudo-Boolean function f(x), that is, a real-valued function of 0-1 variables. In recent years, several authors have proposed to reduce this problem to ... [more ▼]

We consider the problem of minimizing an arbitrary pseudo-Boolean function f(x), that is, a real-valued function of 0-1 variables. In recent years, several authors have proposed to reduce this problem to the quadratic case by expressing f(x) as min{g(x,y):y∈{0,1}^m}, where g(x,y) is a quadratic pseudo-Boolean function of x and of additional binary variables y. We say that g(x,y) is a quadratization of f. In this talk, we investigate the number of additional variables needed in a quadratization when f is a symmetric function of the x-variables. The cases where f is either a positive or a negative monomial are of particular interest, but some of our techniques also extend to more complex functions, like k-out-of-n or parity functions. Joint work with Martin Anthony, Endre Boros and Aritanan Gruber [less ▲]

Carnet de pédiatrie: propédeutique clinique et d'imagerie

Learning material (2013)

Des manuels scolaires pour mettre l'élève en état de recherche

Article for general public (2013)

Cet interview a été réalisé suite à l'obtention par Jean-Louis Jadoulle du Prix Zénobe 2012, décerné par le Conseil Economique et Social Wallon.

Thérapeutiques récentes des tendinopathies du sportif (ondes de choc, injections de plaquettes, ...)

in Abstract book du 21ème Séminaire hivernal de Médecine sportive 2013 (2013, April)

Boundary lines in symbiosis forms

in Symbiosis (2013)

Symbiosis can take different forms (parasitism, mutualism, commensalism, etc.) but boundaries between different types of symbiotic interactions are not well defined. The kinds of symbiotic associations ... [more ▼]

Symbiosis can take different forms (parasitism, mutualism, commensalism, etc.) but boundaries between different types of symbiotic interactions are not well defined. The kinds of symbiotic associations between organisms cannot however be restricted to isolated and distinct categories. These associations are part of a broad continuum in which it is difficult to know where one type of association ends and another begins. Moreover, different scientists use the same term to mean different things or different terms tomean the same thing. This can obscure what is biologically important and what is not. This communication proposes a new classification scheme, which simply and comprehensively illustrates relationships between the various kinds of associations. The scheme illustrates relationships clearly and highlights the continuum between types of associations. It further indicates where modifications to the scheme are possible over time. The classification of the association between two organisms can be reduced to two factors: 1) the impact incurred by the host (benefit or damage) and 2) the relative duration of the association (RDA), i.e. the ratio of the duration of the association to the life expectancy of the symbiont. The conceptual figure provides concrete examples and illustrates some relationships that can change during different life stages. This figure should help teachers and students in the understanding of symbiosis, and could be a starting point for future discussions in the continuously developing research fields studying ecological and evolutionary implications of symbiotic relationships. [less ▲]

Risk Horizon and Expected Market Returns

Conference (2013, April)

Study of the Influence of Pure Ionic Liquids on the Lipase-catalyzed (Trans)esterification of Mannose Based on their Anion and Cation Nature

in Current Organic Chemistry (2013), 17