Mise au point d’un protocole de multiplication in vitro de Jatropha curcas L. en vue d’une application à grande échelle

Doctoral thesis (2013)

Jatropha curcas L. is a wild plant, that emerged as a source of energy for biodiesel production. It has acquired significant economic potential as it does not compete with the edible oil supplies ... [more ▼]

Jatropha curcas L. is a wild plant, that emerged as a source of energy for biodiesel production. It has acquired significant economic potential as it does not compete with the edible oil supplies. Realizing its importance, in vitro multiplication methods have been established to meet the demand of large scale supply of superior clones. In order to improve the in vitro multiplication rate (number of shoots/explant/subculture/three weeks) of J. curcas, axillary nodes taken from young plants of two accessions (originating from Cameroon and Senegal) have been cultivated for three weeks on a Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium (MS) supplemented with 8.87 µM BAP, 4.92 µM IBA, and 30 g/l sucrose at pH 5.7±0.1, and solidified with 0.7% agar. The shoots obtained from each original explant were then transferred to a multiplication media consisting of MS medium supplemented with 2.21 to 8.9 μM BA or 2.21 to 8.9 μM kinetin in combination with 2.46 μM IBA. Each combination was completed with 12.2 mg.l-1 adenine sulfate and 25 mg.l-1 of glutamine. The best multiplication rate was obtained for the PM medium containing 6.65 μM BA and 2.46 μM IBA. The mean multiplication rate is 8.1 shoots per explant during the 7 following subcultures. Leafy shoots obtained have been rooted in a medium containing half of the major mineral and minor mineral components of MS supplemented with 5.7 μM IBA, then acclimated with a survival rate of 97%. With the aim of finding a more efficient production protocol practicable on a large-scale, an alternative method has been developed to regenerate whole plants of J. curcas from nodes via the induction of buds aggregates. Histological observation shows that bud aggregates are simultaneously formed through axillary budding and adventitious regeneration of buds. These buds are elongated in MS medium supplemented with 2.21 µM BA, 5.70 µM IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) and 15 mg.l-1 L arginine. The leafy stems are then rooted on MS containing 2.46 µM IBA, 2% sucrose, and 0.7% agar. The entire process takes 14 weeks with 98% plants survival after acclimatization. We obtain a multiplication rate of 13 buds per explant per subculture. This protocol is more efficient than previously known protocols. [less ▲]

De la perversion au pervers ; du sexuel à l’adaptatif

Scientific conference (2013, June 08)

Intervention à la Nuit Sartre - Les biographies existentielles

Conference (2013, June 07)

Innovative Methodology for the Definition of Design Spaces of Chromatographic Methods

Conference (2013, June 06)

As defined by ICH [1] and FDA, Quality by Design (QbD) stands for “a systematic approach to development that begins with predefined objectives and emphasizes product and process understanding and process ... [more ▼]

As defined by ICH [1] and FDA, Quality by Design (QbD) stands for “a systematic approach to development that begins with predefined objectives and emphasizes product and process understanding and process control, based on sound science and quality risk management”. A risk–based QbD–compliant approach is proposed for the robust development of analytical methods. This methodology based on Design of Experiments (DoE) to study the experimental domain models the retention times at the beginning, the apex and the end of each peak corresponding to the compounds of a mixture and uses the separation criterion (S) rather than the resolution (RS) as a Critical Quality Attribute. Stepwise multiple linear regressions are used to create the models. The estimated error is propagated from the modelled responses to the separation criterion (S) using Monte Carlo simulations in order to estimate the predictive distribution of the separation criterion (S) over the whole experimental domain. This allows finding ranges of operating conditions that will guarantee a satisfactory quality of the method in its future use. These ranges define the Design Space (DS) of the method. In chromatographic terms, the chromatograms processed at operating conditions within the DS will assuredly show high quality, with well separated peaks and short run time, for instance. This Design Space can thus be defined as the subspace, necessarily encompassed in the experimental domain (i.e. the knowledge space), within which the probability for the criterion to be higher than an advisedly selected threshold is higher than a minimum quality level. Precisely, the DS is defined as “the multidimensional combination and interaction of input variables (e.g., material attributes) and process parameters that have been demonstrated to provide assurance of quality” [1]. Therefore, this DS defines a region of operating conditions that provide prediction of assurance of quality rather than only quality as obtained with traditional mean response surface optimisation strategies. For instance, in the liquid chromatography there is a great difference in e.g. predicting a resolution (RS) higher than 1.5 vs. predicting that the probability for RS to be higher than 1.5 (i.e. P(RS> 1.5)) is high. The presentation of this global methodology will be illustrated for the robust optimisation and DS definition of several liquid chromatographic methods dedicated to the separation of different mixtures: pharmaceutical formulations, API and impurities/degradation products, plant extracts, separation of enantiomers, … [less ▲]

L'équilibre sagittal dans la pathologie rachidienne.

Scientific conference (2013, June 05)

Electrical Activity of Threading Dislocations and Defect Complexes in GeSn Epitaxial Layers

Conference (2013, June 04)

Ship Manoeuvring Behaviour in Crossing Current Near-by a Lock

in VanTorre, Marc (Ed.) Third International Conference on Ship Manoeuvring in Shallow and Confined Water (2013, June 03)

Ship behaviour in current is one of the classical problems in ship manoeuvrability. However, it is not yet fully investigated. The study is motivated by an assessment study on the ship navigation near by ... [more ▼]

Ship behaviour in current is one of the classical problems in ship manoeuvrability. However, it is not yet fully investigated. The study is motivated by an assessment study on the ship navigation near by a river lock where relatively strong current exists. It is demonstrated how a ship behaves in the current and relatively large drift angle may happen, if the current is comparative to ship speed. In this situation, the hydrodynamic forces and moment acting on a ship is not any more at the range of lift force/moment, and therefore normal mathematical model cannot be applied. Similar situation may occur in case of rapid river stream condition, when a ship losts its power in current. At East Japan Great Earthquake happened in 2011, many ships without their power were drifting in tsunami. It is urgent matter to investigate on the ship behaviour in such situation. [less ▲]

Réaction transfusionnelle hémolytique retardée (RTHR) suite à une transfusion massive de concentrés érythrocytaires ABO-incompatibles

Poster (2013, June)

Les enjeux de la gestion de la diversité

Learning material (2013)

L'Année sartrienne, n° 27

Book published by Groupe d'études sartriennes (2013)