International and European commitments to the export control of nuclear dual-use items: Do the European Union Member States have any room for manoeuvre?

in Cahiers de Sciences Politiques de l'ULg (2013), 26

Reseña de TERESA ORECCHIA HAVAS Y NORAH GIRALDI DEI CAS (eds.), Sujets migrants: rencontres avec l'autre dans les imaginaires hispanoaméricains / Migrantes: encuentros con el otro en el imaginario hispanoamericano, Bruselas, Peter Lang, 2012, 326 págs.

in Castilla. Estudios de Literatura (2013), 4

Review of the book by TERESA ORECCHIA HAVAS Y NORAH GIRALDI DEI CAS (eds.), Sujets migrants: rencontres avec l'autre dans les imaginaires hispanoaméricains / Migrantes: encuentros con el otro en el ... [more ▼]

Review of the book by TERESA ORECCHIA HAVAS Y NORAH GIRALDI DEI CAS (eds.), Sujets migrants: rencontres avec l'autre dans les imaginaires hispanoaméricains / Migrantes: encuentros con el otro en el imaginario, hispanoamericano, Bruselas, Peter Lang, 2012, 326 págs. [less ▲]

Quel type de peuplement pour un renouvellement naturel du douglas?

in Forêt Wallonne (2013), 122

L'article identifie les caractéristiques des peuplements de douglas qui favoriseraient l'obtention de régénération naturelle. Les seuils d'apparition de la régénération semble facilement atteint. L ... [more ▼]

L'article identifie les caractéristiques des peuplements de douglas qui favoriseraient l'obtention de régénération naturelle. Les seuils d'apparition de la régénération semble facilement atteint. L'article encourage donc les gestionnaires à renouveler leur peuplement de manière naturelle. [less ▲]

8.3 Landfill of Solid Waste

in Belgiorno, V (Ed.) Odour Impact Assessment Handbook (2013)

Impact of Missing Data on Phylogenies Inferred from Empirical Phylogenomic Data Sets

in Molecular Biology and Evolution (2013), 30(1), 197-214

Progress in sequencing technology allows researchers to assemble ever-larger supermatrices for phylogenomic inference. However, current phylogenomic studies often rest on patchy data sets, with some ... [more ▼]

Progress in sequencing technology allows researchers to assemble ever-larger supermatrices for phylogenomic inference. However, current phylogenomic studies often rest on patchy data sets, with some having 80% missing (or ambiguous) data or more. Though early simulations had suggested that missing data per se do not harm phylogenetic inference when using sufficiently large data sets, Lemmon et al. (Lemmon AR, Brown JM, Stanger-Hall K, Lemmon EM. 2009. The effect of ambiguous data on phylogenetic estimates obtained by maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. Syst Biol. 58:130-145.) have recently cast doubt on this consensus in a study based on the introduction of parsimony-uninformative incomplete characters. In this work, we empirically reassess the issue of missing data in phylogenomics while exploring possible interactions with the model of sequence evolution. First, we note that parsimony-uninformative incomplete characters are actually informative in a probabilistic framework. A reanalysis of Lemmon's data set with this in mind gives a very different interpretation of their results and shows that some of their conclusions may be unfounded. Second, we investigate the effect of the progressive introduction of missing data in a complete supermatrix (126 genes × 39 species) capable of resolving animal relationships. These analyses demonstrate that missing data perturb phylogenetic inference slightly beyond the expected decrease in resolving power. In particular, they exacerbate systematic errors by reducing the number of species effectively available for the detection of multiple substitutions. Consequently, large sparse supermatrices are more sensitive to phylogenetic artifacts than smaller but less incomplete data sets, which argue for experimental designs aimed at collecting a modest number (∼50) of highly covered genes. Our results further confirm that including incomplete yet short-branch taxa (i.e., slowly evolving species or close outgroups) can help to eschew artifacts, as predicted by simulations. Finally, it appears that selecting an adequate model of sequence evolution (e.g., the site-heterogeneous CAT model instead of the site-homogeneous WAG model) is more beneficial to phylogenetic accuracy than reducing the level of missing data. [less ▲]

Pour et contre le Parnasse. De Gautier aux symbolistes

in Nouvelle Revue Pédagogique (NRP Lycée) (2013), n° 53

La question des querelles en littérature a, au cours des dernières années, suscité un intérêt certain, ce dont témoigne le regain de publications relatives au sujet. Encore faut-il constater que cette ... [more ▼]

La question des querelles en littérature a, au cours des dernières années, suscité un intérêt certain, ce dont témoigne le regain de publications relatives au sujet. Encore faut-il constater que cette problématique semble parfois se suffire à elle-même et que sa dimension plaisante agrémente des études littéraires quelquefois tenues pour revêches. Pourtant, sans minimiser la valeur divertissante de l’anecdote, on ne saurait assez souligner l’importance effective des mouvements d’opposition, des fractures et autres dissensions qui dynamisent la vie littéraire autant qu’elles en définissent les conditions à une époque donnée, modifiant en cela les manières d’être, d’agir et de penser des individus évoluant dans cet univers. Il demeure, au sujet de ces querelles littéraires, de nombreuses enquêtes à mener, qui tiennent autant à leur rôle socialisateur, créatif et dynamisant, qu’aux formes dans lesquelles elles prennent corps, aux raisons qui les motivent, aux articulations qu’elles permettent entre l’individuel et le collectif, voire aux ressources rhétoriques qui les sous-tendent, dans les œuvres ou dans les discours parallèles accompagnant celles-ci. Pour illustrer la façon dont ce questionnement peut s’élaborer, nous proposons ici un parcours en amont et en aval de la nébuleuse parnassienne, dont l’origine se trouve au mitan du XIXe siècle. Les revendications esthétiques afférentes ont engagé diverses formes de querelles qui, de la préface à l’œuvre, offrent l’occasion d’examiner autant les vecteurs et les supports de ces positionnements, que les dynamiques de concorde qu’ils impliquent, avec et contre eux. [less ▲]

Iterative ecological radiation and convergence during the evolutionary history of damselfishes (Pomacentridae)

in American naturalist (2013), 181(1), 94-113

Coral reef fishes represent one of the most spectacularly diverse assemblages of vertebrates on the planet, but our understand- ing of their mode of diversification remains limited. Here we test whether ... [more ▼]

Coral reef fishes represent one of the most spectacularly diverse assemblages of vertebrates on the planet, but our understand- ing of their mode of diversification remains limited. Here we test whether the diversity of the damselfishes (Pomacentridae), one of the most species-rich families of reef-associated fishes, was produced by a single or multiple adaptive radiation(s) during their evolutionary history. Tests of the tempo of lineage diversification using a time-calibrated phylogeny including 208 species revealed that crown pomacentrid diversification has not slowed through time as expected under a scenario of a single adaptive radiation resulting from an early burst of diversification. Evolutionary modeling of trophic traits similarly rejected the hypothesis of early among-lineage partitioning of ecologically important phenotypic diversity. Instead, damselfishes are shown to have experienced iterative convergent radiations wherein subclades radiate across similar trophic strategies (i.e., pelagic feeders, benthic feeders, intermediate) and morphologies. Regionalization of coral reefs, competition, and functional constraints may have fueled iterative ecological radiation and convergent evolution of damselfishes. Through the Pomacentridae, we illustrate that radiations may be strongly structured by the nature of the constraints on diversification. [less ▲]

Cleanrooms and tissue banking how happy I could be with either GMP or GTP?

in Cell and Tissue Banking (2013)

Mémento de conception mécanique

Book published by DEBONGNIE (JEAN-FRANCOIS) (2013)

Normal numbers. Tolerances. Alloy designation. Antifriction bearings. Journal bearings. Assembling of a shaft and a hub. Bolts. Welds. Riveted joints. Shafts. Fatigue. Hertzian contacts. Wear. Belts ... [more ▼]

Normal numbers. Tolerances. Alloy designation. Antifriction bearings. Journal bearings. Assembling of a shaft and a hub. Bolts. Welds. Riveted joints. Shafts. Fatigue. Hertzian contacts. Wear. Belts. Gearings. Illustrated lexicon. [less ▲]

Remote sensing of the energy of auroral electrons in Saturn’s atmosphere: Hubble and Cassini spectral observations

in Icarus (2013), 223

Saturn’s north ultraviolet aurora has been successfully observed twice between March and May 2011 with the STIS long-slit spectrograph on board the Hubble Space Telescope. Spatially resolved spectra at ... [more ▼]

Saturn’s north ultraviolet aurora has been successfully observed twice between March and May 2011 with the STIS long-slit spectrograph on board the Hubble Space Telescope. Spatially resolved spectra at ∼12 Å spectral resolution have been collected at different local times from dawn to dusk to determine the amount of hydrocarbon absorption. For this purpose, the HST telescope slewed across the auroral oval from mid-latitudes up to beyond the limb while collecting spectral data in the timetag mode. Spectral images of the north ultraviolet aurora were obtained within minutes and hours with the UVIS spectrograph on board Cassini. Several daytime sectors and one nightside location were observed and showed signatures of weak absorption by methane present in (or above) the layer of the auroral emission. No absorption from other hydrocarbons (e.g. C2H2) has been detected. For the absorbed spectra, the overlying slant CH4 column varies from 3x1015 to 2x1016 cm-2, but no clear dependence on local time is identified. A Monte Carlo electron transport model is used to calculate the vertical distribution of the H2 emission and to relate the observed spectra to the energy of the primary auroral electrons. Assuming electron precipitation with a Maxwellian energy distribution into a standard model atmosphere, we find that the mean energy ranges from less than 3 to ∼10 keV. These results are compared with previous determinations of the energy of Saturn’s aurora based on ultraviolet spectra and limb images. We conclude that the energies derived from spectral methods indicate a wide range of electron energies while the nightside limb images suggest that the auroral precipitation is consistently soft. We emphasize the need for more realistic model atmospheres with temperature and hydrocarbon distributions appropriate to high-latitude conditions. [less ▲]