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See detailNeural fate of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Neural Crest Stem Cells : Which ways to get neurons for cell therapy purpose ?
Neirinckx, Virginie ULg; Coste, Cécile ULg; Rogister, Bernard ULg et al

in Trends in cell signaling pathways in neuronal fate decision (2013)

Detailed reference viewed: 41 (11 ULg)
See detailL’eau dans l’univers
Jehin, Emmanuel ULg; Javaux, Emmanuelle ULg; Magain, Pierre ULg et al

Conference given outside the academic context (2013)

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See detailPerception et confort acoustiques des Systèmes de Traitement d'Air
Minard, Antoine ULg

Doctoral thesis (2013)

This thesis addresses the perceived acoustic comfort of Air-Treatment Systems (ATS), such as air-conditioners installed in offices, by taking into account the environmental factors related to the specific ... [more ▼]

This thesis addresses the perceived acoustic comfort of Air-Treatment Systems (ATS), such as air-conditioners installed in offices, by taking into account the environmental factors related to the specific context of ATS usage. The only existing standard to evaluate the sounds emitted by ATS, which is the emitted sound level in dBA, is only loosely related to perception. Therefore, the need of manufacturers for a more reliable standard arises. This implies a thorough study of the perception of the sound of ATS as it is emitted. A precise methodology was then followed: it includes first collecting a high number of ATS sound recordings, up to finally developing a robust metrics to predict the perceived sound quality. For that purpose, different perceptual categories were first identified to constitute the recording database of ATS sounds. A corpus considered as fully representative of the different types of emitted sounds was then extracted from the recording database. Current principles of musical timbre description have already proved to be adequate to other types of environmental sounds; by applying these principles, the relevant auditive attributes for the corpus perceptual description were identified. In order to develop an efficient sound quality predictor through audio features calculation, prominent features based on these auditive attributes were identified that explain the listeners' preferences among ATS sounds. The ecological context of ATS was examined in a second step. Two environmental factors were addressed in the context of ATS sound quality evaluation to ponder their importance in the listeners' perception. As the ATS under study are exclusively indoor systems designed for offices, the effect of reverberation on sound quality evaluation was first studied; for that purpose, an auralization tool was used to simulate room acoustic response. The influence of listeners' attention context on perceived sound quality was then evaluated through a comparative study of various listening conditions. As a matter of fact, the sound emitted by ATS in real conditions is perceived as a perturbation of current activities. It is therefore relevant to evaluate how deeply the degree of attention related to the sound affects listeners as regards their perception of acoustic quality. Eventually, the relevance of the proposed sound quality predictor to comfort perception was assessed in conditions more ecologically representative than usual laboratory environment. [less ▲]

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See detailImpacts of a unicellular mechanism on network behaviors
Dethier, Julie ULg; Drion, Guillaume; Franci, Alessio et al

Conference (2013, March 26)

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder af- fecting the basal ganglia (BG), a set of small subcortical nervous system nuclei. The hallmark of the disease is a dopaminergic denervation of ... [more ▼]

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder af- fecting the basal ganglia (BG), a set of small subcortical nervous system nuclei. The hallmark of the disease is a dopaminergic denervation of the striatum—the input stage of the BG—altering information patterns along movement- related ganglia-mediated pathways in the brain. Severe mo- tor symptoms result from the pathological state: tremor at rest, bradykinesia—the slowness and impaired scaling of voluntary movement—and akinesia—the poverty of volun- tary movements. It is still unclear how dopamine depletion causes those motor symptoms. Experimental studies have shown that abnormally synchronized oscillatory activities— rhythmic bursting activity at the unicellular level and beta frequency band (from 8 to 30Hz) oscillations at the network level—emerge in PD at multiple levels of the BG-cortical loops and correlate with motor symptoms. The mechanisms underlying these pathological beta oscillations remain elu- sive. We propose that a cellular mechanism generates burst- ing activities and beta band oscillations at the network level. [less ▲]

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See detailLa production d'hydrogène par fermentation anaérobie: Voies d'optimalisation et d'application du bioprocédé
Beckers, Laurent ULg

Doctoral thesis (2013)

The emergence of environmental and societal issues caused by the fossil fuels consumption and the simultaneous increase of the energetic needs will lead the society to evolve into a new energetic system ... [more ▼]

The emergence of environmental and societal issues caused by the fossil fuels consumption and the simultaneous increase of the energetic needs will lead the society to evolve into a new energetic system. The creation of the hydrogen society could bring a suitable and sustainable solution since the production and use of hydrogen could be operated at higher yields than the fossil fuels economy and produce energy while generating only water vapour as co product. However, in order to get rid of the fossil fuels consumption, there is a need to diversify the hydrogen production processes and technology, currently still based on CO2—emitting technologies. The so-called “dark fermentation” process is based on strict of facultative anaerobic bacteria producing biohydrogen and soluble metabolites as a fermentation co product. These microorganisms consume organic substrates such as in wastewater to achieve their growth. The biohydrogen technology has been studied during several years in laboratory but still is not mature to be brought at an industrial scale. Indeed, there is first a need to improve the performances (such as the H2 yields and production rates) to achieve the technical and economical requirements. This thesis investigates and discusses various possibilities in order to bring the biohydrogen production process to a larger scale. The strain investigated in this work, Clostridium butyricum, can achieve high performances (in terms of hydrogen yields, about 1.9 to 2.2 molH2·molglucose -1 and production rates, about 50 to 110 mLH2·L-1·h-1 in batch or sequencing-batch cultures) and is able to consume simple and more complex substrates. However, being a strict anaerobic strain, its uses in pure culture requires the achievement of strong anaerobic conditions using artificial and costly means. Moreover, even if the work in pure culture has some advantages at the laboratory scale, it is inappropriate to larger volumes of bioreactor. Therefore, mixed cultures were investigated in batch and sequencing-batch bioreactors, resulting in a decrease by about 30 to 50% of the yields (down to 1.2 to 1.7 molH2·molglucose -1). The mixed cultures reached however comparable or higher performances than the scientific literature confirming the interest of the approach suggested in this work. However, the performances need to be further enhanced in order to make the process economically possible. Therefore, improvements of the yields and the rates were proposed. On the one hand, the yields were increased by 55 to 100% (up to 3.1 molH2·molglucose -1) by improving the mass transfer conditions and, by the way, decreasing the dissolved hydrogen concentration in the liquid media. These considerations led to the design of a novel biodisc bioreactor working continuously and allowing the efficient hydrogen mass transfer. In mixed culture, the biodisc bioreactor reached high performances (H2 yields of 2.4 molH2·molglucose -1 and H2 rates of 600 mLH2·L-1·h-1), showing the interest of the original design and of the “mass transfer” approach achieved in this work. On the other hand, the addition in the culture medium of small quantities of metallic nanoparticles showed a catalytic-like effect by enhancing the hydrogen production rate by about 40 to 100%. Ending this work, the general discussion evidences the advantages of the different techniques suggested in the work and compares them to the recent scientific literature. Furthermore, perspectives are given in terms of scientific outlooks, considering the economical, environmental and technical aspects, in order to bring the hydrogen production process at a large scale. [less ▲]

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See detailLe musée de ville, une nouvelle catégorie muséale ?
Postula, Jean-Louis ULg

Doctoral thesis (2013)

La question générale qui sous-tend notre thèse est celle du fonctionnement et de la raison d’être des catégories muséales, à travers l’exemple de l’institutionnalisation récente de l’une d’entre elles – ... [more ▼]

La question générale qui sous-tend notre thèse est celle du fonctionnement et de la raison d’être des catégories muséales, à travers l’exemple de l’institutionnalisation récente de l’une d’entre elles – le musée de ville –, représentée depuis 2005 par un comité international de l’ICOM (Conseil international des Musées). La particularité de ce groupe de musées est de relever d’une thématique commune, plutôt que d’une discipline académique : tous sont en effet consacrés aux villes dans lesquelles ils sont situés, qu’ils exposent le plus souvent, mais sans systématisme, selon une perspective historique. Bien que de tels établissements existent depuis un siècle et demi, le traitement muséal du thème de la ville et de son histoire n’avait jusqu’alors pas fait l’objet de travaux de recherche visant à présenter une synthèse globale de son évolution, depuis les premières manifestations jusqu’aux réalisations les plus récentes. L’objectif de la première partie de la thèse est dès lors de combler cette lacune, à l’intérieur d’un espace géographique très large, assimilé aux régions de culture occidentale. Nous souhaitons, à partir de quelques exemples considérés comme des jalons importants, mettre en exergue les caractéristiques essentielles des musées, à différents moments d’une histoire marquée par la succession, voire l’empilement, de traditions et de philosophies muséales propres à chaque époque. Dans cette optique, notre point de vue privilégié est celui du « projet muséal » des institutions, notion dont l’étude a été amorcée par François Mairesse. À sa suite, le projet muséal est désigné par André Gob et Noémie Drouguet comme « l’ensemble des idées, des concepts, des intentions, qui sous-tendent une institution muséale, sa création, son fonctionnement, ses activités, son évolution ». L’accent est donc mis principalement sur le contexte et les raisons, notamment politiques, de création des musées, en ne négligeant cependant pas d’autres aspects tels la nature des collections et du discours, ou encore la muséographie, lorsque ceux-ci se révèlent pertinents. Trois chapitres composent cette partie diachronique de la thèse. Le premier décrit les origines du musée d’histoire de ville et l’environnement au sein duquel apparaissent les plus précoces d’entre eux. Le deuxième chapitre s’ouvre au cours des années 1860, avec la création du Musée Carnavalet de Paris qui occupe une large place dans nos réflexions. Nous le considérons en effet comme la figure archétypale d’un modèle muséographique, dit « classique », qui prédomine durant près d’un siècle et dont nous examinerons la diffusion et les adaptations successives à la fois dans le temps et dans l’espace. Le troisième chapitre voit quant à lui l’émergence, à partir de la décennie 1970 et jusqu’à l’heure actuelle, d’autres façons d’exposer la ville, dans le sillage des conceptions de la nouvelle muséologie sur le rôle social de l’institution muséale. La seconde partie de la thèse, elle aussi structurée en trois chapitres, est consacrée à l’étude du syntagme « musée de ville » dans la littérature muséologique. Le chapitre quatre retrace l’évolution de cette expression, entre le moment de son apparition en 1993, à l’occasion de la fondation à Londres d’un premier réseau d’institutions muséales « dédiées à l’étude des villes », et 2008. Y sont décrits et contextualisés dix-sept événements qui se sont explicitement appropriés la notion (rencontres entre professionnels, colloques scientifiques, publications). Nous procédons ensuite, dans les deux derniers chapitres, à une analyse des discours sur le musée de ville produits au cours de cette période. Le chapitre cinq propose une synthèse des informations délivrées précédemment et présente successivement deux corpus textuels : le premier est constitué de l’ensemble des communications publiées dans les actes de colloques et les recueils d’articles relatifs au musée de ville, et le second d’environ deux-cents énoncés qui font référence au musée de ville comme à une catégorie muséale, extraits de ces mêmes communications. Le chapitre six constitue l’analyse proprement dite de la notion. À travers le concept de formule, théorisé en sciences du langage, nous y développons d’abord l’hypothèse selon laquelle les discours portés sur l’objet « musée de ville » contribuent non seulement à sa description, mais dans le même temps à la construction de cet objet. Nous nous attachons enfin à l’interprétation des définitions de l’expression soumises par ses locuteurs et scripteurs. [less ▲]

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See detailDe l'après-guerre aux années 1990. Raymond Lemaire, Paul Philippot et leur (non-)postérité
Houbart, Claudine ULg

Scientific conference (2013, March 26)

Detailed reference viewed: 11 (1 ULg)
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See detailL'imagination scientifique et ses fictions. Recension de Daniel FONDANECHE, La littérature d’imagination scientifique
Stienon, Valérie ULg

in Acta Fabula : Revue des Parutions en Théorie Littéraire (2013), 14(3),

Précis et ambitieux, l’ouvrage de Daniel Fondanèche s’intéresse à l’ensemble foisonnant, disparate et peu considéré de la « littérature d’imagination scientifique », selon la formule autrefois proposée ... [more ▼]

Précis et ambitieux, l’ouvrage de Daniel Fondanèche s’intéresse à l’ensemble foisonnant, disparate et peu considéré de la « littérature d’imagination scientifique », selon la formule autrefois proposée par Jean‑Jacques Bridenne. L’expression désigne des récits qui développent, par figuration, extrapolation ou anticipation, un rapport significatif et explicite avec les idées et les innovations scientifiques, que celles‑ci relèvent de l’astrophysique, de la chimie, des technologies de la communication, des moyens de transport ou des nombreux autres secteurs d’activités utiles au quotidien. Cette littérature, que l’auteur étudie pour la période comprise principalement entre 1845 et 1910, précède et prépare — sans s’assimiler à elle — la science‑fiction dont Hugo Gernsback posera les bases avec les premières revues de « scientifiction ». En spécialiste des paralittératures, D. Fondanèche en retrace les origines, l’émergence et les principales lignes de force, selon une démarche qui met en évidence les sources d’inspiration des auteurs, tout en éclairant la dimension anticipative de la fiction par l’attestation historique des innovations pensées et réalisées. [less ▲]

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See detailDynamiques complexes de rebonds d'une goutte placée sur un bain vibré: résonances et anti-résonances
Hubert, Maxime ULg; Vandewalle, Nicolas ULg

in Hubert, Maxime; Vandewalle, Nicolas (Eds.) Comptes-rendus de la 16e Rencontre du Non-linéaire Paris 2013 (2013, March 25)

We present herebelow a model for bouncing droplets consisting of two masses joined by a spring and a damper bouncing onto an oscillating plate. We analyze the dynamics through the bouncing threshold and ... [more ▼]

We present herebelow a model for bouncing droplets consisting of two masses joined by a spring and a damper bouncing onto an oscillating plate. We analyze the dynamics through the bouncing threshold and spatio-temporal diagrams. We obtain an analytic expression for the threshold. Resonance and Anti-resonance phenomena are found and investigated. The behavior of the bouncing spring is compared to the bouncing droplet dynamics. In particular, key features of the bouncing droplet dynamics are reproduced. [less ▲]

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See detailAutour de quelques projets récents et à venir à Bruxelles et en Wallonie
Houbart, Claudine ULg

Scientific conference (2013, March 25)

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See detailFAO Training in Crop Yield Forecasting. Crop Yield Forecasting Methodology Enhancement – Remote sensing. Erevan 21 - 25 January 2013.
Denis, Antoine ULg

E-print/Working paper (2013)

Power point presentation of the FAO training "Crop Yield Forecasting Methodology Enhancement – Remote sensing", held in Erevan, Armenia, 21 - 25 January 2013 at ARMSTATEHYDROMET. The main objective of ... [more ▼]

Power point presentation of the FAO training "Crop Yield Forecasting Methodology Enhancement – Remote sensing", held in Erevan, Armenia, 21 - 25 January 2013 at ARMSTATEHYDROMET. The main objective of this training was the improvement of the Crop Yield Forecasting System (CYFS) in Armenia by introducing a new approach for satellite data integration (use of TIMESAT software and METOP AVHRR NDVI images). This training was held in the framework of the "EC/FAO Programme on Information Systems to Improve Food Security Decision-Making in the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) East Area GCP/GLO/275/EC". [less ▲]

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See detailRecherche-action : "se mettre en recherche" - , Liège, le 23 mars 2013
Absil, Gaëtan ULg

Conference (2013, March 23)

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See detailWho's Afraid of Albert Camus? The Memorialization of French Algeria and the Controversy over Camus' Legacy
Munos, Delphine ULg

Conference (2013, March 23)

Until recently, in France, Albert Camus was regularly dismissed as a consensual writer and a minor philosopher -- for the dubious reason that his work figured too heavily in syllabuses for secondary ... [more ▼]

Until recently, in France, Albert Camus was regularly dismissed as a consensual writer and a minor philosopher -- for the dubious reason that his work figured too heavily in syllabuses for secondary schools. A year before the 50th anniversary of Camus’ death, issues about the memory of Camus in France started gaining new momentum in the face of former French president Nicolas Sarkozy’s attempt to have the author’s remains transferred to the Pantheon. Although Sarkozy’s ploy was successfully opposed by Camus’ son, who claimed (unlike Camus’ daughter) that moving his father’s remains would be contrary to the deceased’s wishes, the struggle over the writer’s legacy dramatically resurfaced a few years later. In Fall 2012, the project of a major Camus exhibition in Aix-en-Provence for Marseille-Provence European Capital of Culture 2013 was stalled, following on, first, the brutal eviction of its curator, French Algeria historian Benjamin Stora, and second, the consequent underhanded appointment of middlebrow philosopher Michel Onfray, before the latter’s final decision to back off from what he called “la pétaudière” (the madhouse). Given that the forced replacement of Stora by Onfray was pronounced by arch-conservative Aix-en-Provence mayor Maryse Joissains-Masini, the French and Algerian presses have been unanimous in interpreting Stora’s eviction as a result of his resolve to lay stress on one of the most silenced aspects of Camus’ work -- namely, his problematic status as a ‘French’ writer born on North African soil, and his impossible French/Algerian identity as a Pied-Noir who opposed both the OAS and the FLN. “What they did not like in him was the Algerian,” reads the Annex to Camus’ unfinished novel, The First Man. This paper sets out to examine how, beyond its escapist character, Camus’ ‘Mediterranean utopia’ still has a potential for raising unsettling questions about post-colonial Algeria and post-imperial France alike, in a contemporary context where a French apology for more than a century of colonization in Algeria remains overdue. [less ▲]

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See detailMyeloperoxidase activity decreases in equine semen freezing extenders
Ponthier, Jérôme ULg; Franck, Thierry ULg; Niesten, Ariane ULg et al

in Amir, Arav (Ed.) Proceedings of the 3rd Cryo Congress (2013, March 23)

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a pro-oxidant enzyme contained in and released by neutrophils, and associated with decreased post-thaw motility of equine semen. This study aimed to compare MPO activity in pure ... [more ▼]

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a pro-oxidant enzyme contained in and released by neutrophils, and associated with decreased post-thaw motility of equine semen. This study aimed to compare MPO activity in pure equine freezing extender, raw and post-thaw semen. Active MPO Concentration (AMC) was measured with Specific Immunologic Extraction Followed by Enzymatic Detection in 20 ejaculates. Raw semen intra cellular AMC was determined in the supernatant after membrane lysis, each pellet containing 100x106 spermatozoa. AMC was also assayed in supernatants of semen frozen following a conventional method using INRA FreezeTM (IMV, France). Effect of freezing procedure on AMC was tested by experimentally adding 500ng of purified active MPO (Calbiochem, Germany) in 4 samples either with 5ml of PBS or INRA FreezeTM before assay. AMC was higher in sperm-rich pellet (0.306ng/ml) than in post-thaw semen (0.002ng/ml) (p=0.058). After experimental MPO addition, no activity variation was observed during the freezing procedure (after dilution, 1, 2 hours of cooling and post-thawing) within the same medium. Purified MPO activity was decreased in INRA FreezeTM when compared to PBS at all timings of sampling (p=0.0286). When all samples were pooled, remaining activity in INRA FreezeTM was 23.93±13.13%. MPO fixation on large proteins contained in the extender experimentally reduces AMC, as previously observed in plasma. However, AMC decrease observed during semen freezing is more important than after experimental addition. That could be explained by a MPO interaction with seminal plasma, a partial MPO release or a MPO inactivation during equine semen freezing. [less ▲]

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See detailLe Blanc-bleu Belge, la génomique et moi...
Sartelet, Arnaud ULg

Speech (2013)

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See detailParticularités de la personne âgée malade
PETERMANS, Jean ULg

Conference (2013, March 22)

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See detailDes élites sans avenir. Contre-valeurs nobiliaires dans le roman dystopique francophone
Stienon, Valérie ULg

Conference (2013, March 22)

Le récit d’anticipation développe des représentations sociales complexes, en particulier lorsqu’il se centre sur les dissensions et dysfonctionnements d’une communauté en difficulté face au conflit ... [more ▼]

Le récit d’anticipation développe des représentations sociales complexes, en particulier lorsqu’il se centre sur les dissensions et dysfonctionnements d’une communauté en difficulté face au conflit mondial, au cataclysme écologique ou au fléau biologique. Représentées sous cet angle, les sociétés futures semblent marquer la fin de la distinction sociale par les privilèges de la fortune, du territoire ou du titre, au profit d’une élite éclairée triomphant par le capital intellectuel, la maîtrise scientifique et la sophistication technologique. Pourtant, les scénarios littéraires de destruction imminente des biens matériels et de reconfiguration géopolitique planétaire montrent cette élite en fâcheuse posture et insistent volontiers sur son improductivité, ses conjectures farfelues, son autosuffisance et sa méconnaissance du lien social. Précipitant la fin d’une civilisation, dictateurs technocrates et savants-prophètes sont alors assimilés à une classe aristocratique à bannir, conviction qui motive notamment cette exclamation emportée : « Ces savants, ces aristocrates de la pensée, qu’on les pende ! » (Jacques Spitz, L’Agonie du globe, 1935). Conséquence de l’échec face à l’adversité, le franchissement régressif inverse du seuil nature/culture prépare une nouvelle hiérarchie anthropologique du sang. Elle se caractérise par une urgence de préservation vitale qui se substitue à l’impératif de pureté de la lignée à maintenir. L’imaginaire d’une décadence par le sang s’en trouve reconfiguré sous diverses formes : maladies sélectives selon le capital santé du degré d’ascendance (Daniel Halévy, Histoire de quatre ans, 1903) ; formes de vie parasites se nourrissant des globules rouges humains (Rosny Aîné, La Mort de la Terre, 1910) ; guerre bactériologique ciblée (Henri Allorge, Le Grand Cataclysme, 1922) ; anthropophagie due aux radiations des « machines à sang » alimentées par des corps humains (José Moselli, La Fin d’Illa, 1925), etc. Cette communication étudie la cohérence et l’évolution de ces constats thématiques dans une trentaine de romans parus entre 1900 et 1950, qui partagent les caractéristiques narratives de l’anticipation rationnelle négative. Trois aspects seront examinés en particulier : la constitution du point de vue narratif, la caractérisation des protagonistes et l’évolution diégétique déceptive. [less ▲]

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