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See detailVariabilité de la respiration hétérotrophe du sol dans des écosystèmes agricoles: Analyse à différentes échelles spatiales et temporelles.
Buysse, Pauline ULg

Doctoral thesis (2013)

Soil heterotrophic respiration (HR) was studied at different spatial and temporal scales in agricultural ecosystems in Belgium (loamy region). Results from both laboratory and field experiments conducted ... [more ▼]

Soil heterotrophic respiration (HR) was studied at different spatial and temporal scales in agricultural ecosystems in Belgium (loamy region). Results from both laboratory and field experiments conducted at short and long timescales were analysed with the aim to better understand the influence of driving variables such as temperature, substrate input quantity and quality on HR. Both empirical and semi-mechanistic models were used in order to help interpret experimental results. Our observations showed that temperature is an important HR driving variable in agricultural ecosystems in temperate regions. HR sensitivity to temperature, characterized by a Q10 differing from 2 in our experiments, was very likely influenced by substrate availability and quality. The impact of these last two factors was however never observed through our measurements. Good agreement between modelled and observed CO2 fluxes in the incubation experiment, where carbon substrate was limited, suggested that temperature played a role both directly (enzymatic response) and indirectly (labile carbon stock depletion) at a relatively short term, and confirmed the hypothesis of occurrence of abiotic fluxes linked to the presence of carbonates in the samples taken from a limed agricultural field. Crop residue management (in both quantity and quality), as characterized by relatively low input levels in our experiment, influenced soil carbon stocks in the long term. However, HR, microbial biomass, labile carbon and metabolic diversity were not affected by the investigated treatments. Besides, results from both soil carbon budgets and short term HR measurements showed that supposedly large differences were likely to be reduced due to the relatively large proportion of root residues, weeds and residues unexported at harvest. [less ▲]

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See detailActualités du droit des biens dans la pratique du géomètre
Lecocq, Pascale ULg

Conference given outside the academic context (2013)

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Peer Reviewed
See detailDéfaire le discours d'autorité. Les Physiologies à la limite de l'essai
Stienon, Valérie ULg

Conference (2013, May 23)

Un siècle après l’essoufflement de la mode panoramique des années 1830-1840, l’emprunt littéraire à la « physiologie » constitue encore un effet de titre pour un essai théorique tel que Physiologie de la ... [more ▼]

Un siècle après l’essoufflement de la mode panoramique des années 1830-1840, l’emprunt littéraire à la « physiologie » constitue encore un effet de titre pour un essai théorique tel que Physiologie de la critique d’Albert Thibaudet. Pourtant, sous la Monarchie de Juillet, le petit genre du même nom, qui présente d’autres caractéristiques formelles et thématiques, n’est pas nettement défini par rapport à une conception et une pratique de l’essai. Au mieux peut-on lui découvrir des parentés significatives avec une certaine écriture journalistique. Les Physiologies se rapprochent en effet de la chronique sous la forme de la notation des faits-Paris et développent une fiction d’actualité féconde en savoir culturel et social. Leur engagement satirique contre le gouvernement en place et leur inscription dans un contexte de vulgarisation scientifique accrue sous l’influence londonienne de la « connaissance utile » ne suffisent pas à apparenter ces Physiologies à de la prose d’idées. Au contraire, elles contournent volontiers les conventions d’écriture du texte d’idées à travers des formes parodiques et déceptives. Il s’agit, de la sorte, d’empêcher le dogmatisme de prendre consistance en oeuvrant contre le discours d’autorité, en particulier scientifique, et contre l’assertivité qui lui est inhérente. Les informations traitées sont non seulement modelées par la distanciation humoristique et la saturation polyphonique, mais elles se trouvent également travaillées en profondeur par la contamination volontaire avec la rhétorique publicitaire dans un contexte de prolifération journalistique de la « réclame ». Le genre physiologique résiste de la sorte aux structures textuelles normatives et assertives d’exposition du savoir. Il ne se les approprie que pour mieux les disqualifier par l’humour et le raisonnement paralogique. Cette caractéristique se traduit par certaines postures discursives récurrentes, en particulier celle du faux spécialiste exhibé comme tel, posture qui consiste à feindre de se rendre ponctuellement expert d’une fraction réduite et caricaturalement recréée de la société, tout en opérant des décrochages réguliers par rapport à cette position énonciative investie d’une autorité. L’étude discursive et générique de tels modes d’expression biaisée du discours d’autorité doit permettre d’éclairer la dynamique d’écriture de l’essai dans les Physiologies parisiennes des années 1830-1840. Cet examen sera orienté par la question des redistributions qui sont ainsi rendues possibles à propos de la frontière entre l’essai-cognitif, caractérisé par une structuration théorique à vocation objectivante, et l’essai-méditation, centré sur une expressivité individualisante de l’instance énonciative. [less ▲]

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See detailStructural confirmation of the French version of the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI)
Angenot, Arnaud ULg; Hansez, Isabelle ULg

Conference (2013, May 23)

This study refers to the validation of the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) in a Belgian population. Data gathered from nine samples were used. This represented nearly 4000 participants from different ... [more ▼]

This study refers to the validation of the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) in a Belgian population. Data gathered from nine samples were used. This represented nearly 4000 participants from different activity sectors. First, the traditional two-factor structure of the instrument, an alternative two-factor model and a one-factor structure were tested. Stability and generalizability of these models were then investigated using replications across various samples. The final objective was to determine relations between OLBI’s two dimensions and constructs such as positive and negative occupational states, intention to quit, job satisfaction, supervisor’s support and routinization. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the traditional two-factor model as well as the alternative two-factor structure fits the data better than a one-factor model. Moreover, convergent and discriminant validity assumptions are confirmed. [less ▲]

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See detailMétacognition 2 : Comprendre et améliorer les compétences métacognitives
Frenkel, Stéphanie ULg

Scientific conference (2013, May 23)

• Postulats de base • Education cognitive et approche métacognitive • Illustration : l'Atelier d’Apprentissage (CPLU, ULg) • Illustration : l'Education cognitive à l'Université

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See detailReinventing Docimasy
Pirard, Eric ULg

Scientific conference (2013, May 23)

Detailed reference viewed: 4 (4 ULg)
Peer Reviewed
See detailOn Disgust and the Curse of Matter
Delville, Michel ULg

Conference (2013, May 23)

Detailed reference viewed: 3 (0 ULg)
See detailAllocution d'ouverture du colloque
Delville, Michel ULg

Speech (2013)

Detailed reference viewed: 4 (0 ULg)
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See detailAssessment of a CDA rotary atomizer for weed control
Ouled Taleb Salah, Sofiene ULg; Massinon, Mathieu ULg; Lebeau, Frédéric ULg

Poster (2013, May 23)

Spinning disc sprayers were first introduced to control cotton pests and diseases. These atomizers were recognized for their production of a uniform droplet size spectrum than conventional nozzles. They ... [more ▼]

Spinning disc sprayers were first introduced to control cotton pests and diseases. These atomizers were recognized for their production of a uniform droplet size spectrum than conventional nozzles. They have proved to be the most successful way of delivering pesticides in the form of Controlled Droplet Application (CDA) at very low volume application. But they were almost abandoned since the years of 1990 for high and medium volume application. Their use was found inefficient in arable crops such as cereals due to the use of inappropriate application rate and problem of penetration of spray in cereal canopies. However, these spray generators may be the best solution when the spray was to be targeted to a small weed with hydrophobic leaf surface where adhesion in the impact is essential for treatment efficiency while minimizing drift and splash thanks to reduced droplet span. In this study, aiming to maximize the control of black grass in cereals, characterization of the droplet size spectra was performed to predict the trajectory droplet and estimate the number that will hit the targeted surface. So, a CDA Micromax Ltd rotary atomizer 3S was operated at different rotation speeds (2000, 3500 and 5000 rpm), flow rates and pressures. A camera X stream -3S which allows the acquisition images in PIV mode, connected to a led lightening set at double mode exposure, were placed in front of the edge of the disc on a spray bench. Images were treated through a laboratory developed Matlab code for Particle Tracking Velocimetry Sizing. Droplets speeds according to diameters were extracted. Droplets cumulative volume according to diameters was also obtained. As the flow rate rose, the volume median diameter (VMD) increased. On the other hand, the VMD decreased as the rotation speed increased. Satellites droplets were observed when the atomizer was operating at a disc speed of 2000 rpm. For each flow rate corresponding to a drop size VMD, the number of droplets/cm2 that will affect pesticide coverage was calculated. Thus, the number of droplets that will effectively adhere depend on their impact at the moment of their arrival to the surface target. [less ▲]

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See detailAge-related Macular Degeneration Study: A Metabolomics Approach
LAMBERT, Vincent ULg; Hansen, Sylvain ULg; Rousseau, Réjanne et al

Conference (2013, May 23)

Detailed reference viewed: 12 (3 ULg)
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Peer Reviewed
See detailRapid loss of firn pore space accelerates 21st century Greenland mass loss
van Angelen, J.; Lenaerts, J.; van den Broeke, M. et al

in Geophysical Research Letters (2013), 40

Mass loss from the two major ice sheets and their contribution to global sea level rise is accelerating. In Antarctica, mass loss is dominated by increased flow velocities of outlet glaciers, following ... [more ▼]

Mass loss from the two major ice sheets and their contribution to global sea level rise is accelerating. In Antarctica, mass loss is dominated by increased flow velocities of outlet glaciers, following the thinning or disintegration of coastal ice shelves into which they flow. In contrast, ∼55% of post‒1992 Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) mass loss is accounted for by surface processes, notably increased meltwater runoff. A subtle process in the surface mass balance of the GrIS is the retention and refreezing of meltwater, currently preventing ∼40% of the meltwater to reach the ocean. Here we force a high‒resolution atmosphere/snow model with a mid‒range warming scenario (RCP4.5, 1970–2100), to show that rapid loss of firn pore space, by >50% at the end of the 21st century, quickly reduces this refreezing buffer. As a result, GrIS surface mass loss accelerates throughout the 21st century and its contribution to global sea level rise increases to 1.7 ±0.5 mm yr−1, more than four times the current value. [less ▲]

Detailed reference viewed: 8 (2 ULg)
See detailInfluence of dipole-dipole interactions on the superradiant pulse
Damanet, François ULg; Martin, John ULg

Poster (2013, May 23)

Superradiance, known as the cooperative spontaneous emission of a directional light pulse by excited atoms placed in vacuum, has recently regained attention in the context of photon localization [1] and ... [more ▼]

Superradiance, known as the cooperative spontaneous emission of a directional light pulse by excited atoms placed in vacuum, has recently regained attention in the context of photon localization [1] and single photon cooperative emission [2]. The dissipative dynamics of the atoms is known to depend dramatically on the ratio between the typical inter-atomic distance and the atomic transition wavelength, notably because of dipole-dipole interactions [3]. In this work, we study the effects of these interactions on superradiance as in [4] by solving numerically the corresponding master equation. In particular, by averaging over many realizations of the randomly distributed atomic positions, we show that the decay of the radiated energy pulse height with the intensity of the dipolar coupling follows a power law. [1] E. Ackermans, A. Gero & R. Kaiser, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 103602 (2008). [2] R. Friedberg & J. T. Manassah, J. Phys. B 43, 035501 (2010). [3] M. Gross & S. Haroche, Physics reports 93, 301-396 (1982). [4] B. Coffey & R. Friedberg, Phys. Rev. A 17, 1033 (1978). [less ▲]

Detailed reference viewed: 7 (1 ULg)
Peer Reviewed
See detailIntroduction
Delville, Michel ULg; Von Hoffmann, Viktoria ULg; Norris, Andrew

Conference (2013, May 23)

Detailed reference viewed: 15 (4 ULg)
See detailThe most non-classical symmetric states of an N-qubit system
Baguette, Dorian ULg; Martin, John ULg

Poster (2013, May 23)

Detailed reference viewed: 19 (3 ULg)
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See detailFunction of the Chloroplast Hydrogenase in the Microalga Chlamydomonas: The Role of Hydrogenase and State Transitions during Photosynthetic Activation in Anaerobiosis
Ghysels, Bart ULg; Godaux, Damien ULg; Matagne, René-Fernand ULg et al

in PLoS ONE (2013), 8(5), 64161

Like a majority of photosynthetic microorganisms, the green unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii may encounter O2 deprived conditions on a regular basis. In response to anaerobiosis or in a ... [more ▼]

Like a majority of photosynthetic microorganisms, the green unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii may encounter O2 deprived conditions on a regular basis. In response to anaerobiosis or in a respiration defective context, the photosynthetic electron transport chain of Chlamydomonas is remodeled by a state transition process to a conformation that favours the photoproduction of ATP at the expense of reductant synthesis. In some unicellular green algae including Chlamydomonas, anoxia also triggers the induction of a chloroplast-located, oxygen sensitive hydrogenase, which accepts electrons from reduced ferredoxin to convert protons into molecular hydrogen. Although microalgal hydrogen evolution has received much interest for its biotechnological potential, its physiological role remains unclear. By using specific Chlamydomonas mutants, we demonstrate that the state transition ability and the hydrogenase function are both critical for induction of photosynthesis in anoxia. These two processes are thus important for survival of the cells when they are transiently placed in an anaerobic environment. [less ▲]

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See detailLa valse des métaux critiques - Où sont les métaux pour les technologies du futur ?
Pirard, Eric ULg

Conference given outside the academic context (2013)

De l’Age de la Pierre à l’Age du Lithium, nous n’avons eu de cesse de perfectionner nos technologies. Progressant dans la découverte et la compréhension de notre environnement, nous nous sommes mis à ... [more ▼]

De l’Age de la Pierre à l’Age du Lithium, nous n’avons eu de cesse de perfectionner nos technologies. Progressant dans la découverte et la compréhension de notre environnement, nous nous sommes mis à exploiter toutes les ressources naturelles disponibles. Aujourd’hui, il n’y a pratiquement aucun élément du tableau de Mendeleïev qui ne trouve son champ d’application spécifique : du lithium dans les batteries à l’indium dans les écrans en passant par le tantale dans les capacités. Baignant quotidiennement dans un tel univers d’abondance, nous en oublions d’où proviennent ces ressources. Nous avons refoulé cette question au plus profond de nous-mêmes et avons poussé le syndrome NIMBY (not in my backyard) jusqu’à atteindre le NIMYCON (not in my continent). Depuis quelques années, l’Europe vit un réveil brutal. Elle réalise qu’elle ne produit que 3 % des métaux alors qu’elle en consomme plus de 20 %. Elle réalise que toute son industrie est dépendante de pays émergents qui ont l’ambition de développer un tissu industriel puissant sur base de leur accès aux ressources. L’Europe serait-elle un continent maudit ? Aurait-elle épuisé ses ressources ? Est-elle condamnée à dépendre de pays tiers pour poursuivre sa fuite en avant vers les « hautes technologies ? Nullement, mais il est évident qu’il n’y aura pas de ré-industrialisation sans une réflexion sur les matières premières. Le mot d’ordre aujourd’hui est Resource Efficiency. Certains traduisent cela par la nécessité de mettre au point des nouveaux matériaux moins gourmands en matières premières ou évitant l’utilisation d’éléments dits « critiques ». Mais en réalité, dans un monde avide de technologies qui voit le nombre de consommateurs croître sensiblement, il faudra nécessairement ouvrir de nouvelles mines et veiller à ne plus disperser dans l’environnement les métaux que nous en aurons laborieusement extraits. Pour l’Europe, cela signifie concrètement qu’il est temps de relancer la prospection du sous-sol et de développer une culture du recyclage intelligente et écologique. Il y a là un champ d’opportunités à saisir pour l’innovation et le développement de technologies qui sont restées trop longtemps dans l’ombre! Le Resource Efficiency c’est aussi extraire les métaux des minerais et des déchets électriques et électroniques en utilisant des procédés moins gourmands en énergie, en eau et en matière. Au travers de quelques exemples choisis, cet exposé présentera l’évolution des technologies et la nature des matières premières utilisées. Partant de la géochimie d’un simple jardin de banlieue, il introduira le concept de gisement qui est indispensable à une bonne compréhension des ressources et des réserves que recèle encore notre sous-sol. Suscitant la réflexion sur la nécessité de maintenir une industrie extractive, cette présentation analysera aussi les difficultés tant sociologiques que technologiques à mener à bien un recyclage efficace des ressources. Par la nature des exemples et l’accent mis sur le recyclage, cette conférence vient en complément de celle consacrée à « Ressources dans le Rouge pour les Technologies Vertes ? » qui est disponible en PodCast sur le site http://www.reflexions.ulg.ac.be (rubrique Décryptage). [less ▲]

Detailed reference viewed: 16 (3 ULg)