Des mots pour parler d'évaluation

in Education Santé (2012), (283), 17-22

Direct identification of bacteria from BacT/ALERT anaerobic positive blood cultures by MALDI-TOF MS: MALDI Sepsityper kit versus an in-house saponin method for bacterial extraction.

in Journal of Medical Microbiology (2012), 61

In cases of bacteraemia, a rapid species identification of the causal agent directly from positive blood culture broths could assist clinicians in the timely targeting of empirical antimicrobial therapy ... [more ▼]

In cases of bacteraemia, a rapid species identification of the causal agent directly from positive blood culture broths could assist clinicians in the timely targeting of empirical antimicrobial therapy. For this purpose, we evaluated the direct identification of micro-organisms from BacT/ALERT (bioMérieux) anaerobic positive blood cultures without charcoal using the Microflex matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time of flight MS (Bruker), after bacterial extraction by using two different methods: the MALDI Sepsityper kit (Bruker) and an in-house saponin lysis method. Bruker's recommended criteria for identification were expanded in this study, with acceptance of the species identification when the first three results with the best matches with the MALDI Biotyper database were identical, whatever the scores were. In total, 107 monobacterial cultures and six polymicrobial cultures from 77 different patients were included in this study. Among monomicrobial cultures, we identified up to the species level 67 and 66 % of bacteria with the MALDI Sepsityper kit and the saponin method, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two extraction methods. The direct species identification was particularly inconclusive for Gram-positive bacteria, as only 58 and 52 % of them were identified to the species level with the MALDI Sepsityper kit and the saponin method, respectively. Results for Gram-negative bacilli were better, with 82.5 and 90 % of correct identification to the species level with the MALDI Sepsityper kit and the saponin method, respectively. No misidentifications were given by the direct procedures when compared with identifications provided by the conventional method. Concerning the six polymicrobial blood cultures, whatever the extraction method used, a correct direct identification was only provided for one of the isolated bacteria on solid medium in all cases. The analysis of the time-to-result demonstrated a reduction in the turnaround time for identification ranging from 1 h 06 min to 24 h 44 min, when performing the blood culture direct identification in comparison with the conventional method, whatever the extraction method. [less ▲]

Evaluation dans le cadre du dispositif expérimental des "Cellules bien-être" en Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles

in Education Santé (2012), (283), 30-34

L'évaluation des politiques publiques

in Education Santé (2012), (283), 26

An overview of the microbenthic loop in Posidonia oceanica meadows: the good, the bad and the ugly

in Creed, J.C.; Oigman-Pszczol, S.S. (Eds.) Proceedings of the 10th International Seagrass Biology Workshop (ISBW10), 25- 30 November 2012, Armação dos Búzios, Brazil (2012, November)

Posidonia oceanica is an endemic seagrass of the Mediterranean Sea. The ecosystem based on this plant is essential from an ecological and economical point of view (commercial species, touristic activities ... [more ▼]

Posidonia oceanica is an endemic seagrass of the Mediterranean Sea. The ecosystem based on this plant is essential from an ecological and economical point of view (commercial species, touristic activities, oxygen production), though very sensitive to environmental perturbations. To detect those perturbations, scientists are trying to find more efficient ecological indicators. Most of the time, those indicators are based on the plant itself. Unfortunately, this seagrass does not react very quickly to perturbations so, when a reaction is noticed, it is often too late to prevent irremediable damages to the ecosystem. The sedimentary compartment of P. oceanica meadows has been less studied than the canopy level. However, it could be a good source of ecological indicators because it is the final container of all the pollution. In this framework, the microbenthic loop has been studied. It is a major subsystem of those meadows and encompasses organic matter, bacteria, microphytobenthos and meiofauna. As those organisms have a rapid turnover and stay almost all their life inside the sediment, they seemed good potential indicators. This presentation will show what is useful or not inside the sediment and more specifically inside the microbenthic loop. Results of a comparison between a fish farm and a reference location will be used, as well as in situ experiments (shading and sediment loading) and small spatial scale variations. At the end of this presentation, you will know what are the good, the bad and the ugly in the sedimentary compartment of a P. oceanica meadow. [less ▲]

Optimisation de l'efficacité des graines de Moringa oleifera dans le traitement des eaux de consommation en Afrique sub-saharienne : cas des eaux du Burkina Faso

Poster (2012, November)

Processus de détermination des zones de plus grande insécurité alimentaire au Niger

Report (2012)

Agonistes des récepteurs du GLP-1 ou inhibiteurs de la DPP-4 : comment orienter le choix du clinicien ?

Conference given outside the academic context (2012)

Le traitement pharmacologique du diabète de type 2 s’est enrichi, ces dernières années, de l’apport des médicaments à effet incrétine ciblant le glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Ces médicaments ... [more ▼]

Le traitement pharmacologique du diabète de type 2 s’est enrichi, ces dernières années, de l’apport des médicaments à effet incrétine ciblant le glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Ces médicaments comprennent soit des agonistes des récepteurs au GLP-1, à courte (injection 1 ou 2 x par jour : exénatide, liraglutide, lixisénatide) ou longue durée d’action (injection hebdomadaire : exénatide à libération prolongée, albiglutide, dulaglutide, taspoglutide) ; soit des agents inhibant l’enzyme inactivant le GLP-1, la dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), actifs par voie orale, les gliptines (sitagliptine, vildagliptine, saxagliptine, linagliptine, alogliptine). Bien que ces approches pharmacologiques ciblent toutes deux le GLP-1, elles se différencient par leur mode d’administration (injection sous-cutanée versus prise orale), leur efficacité (meilleure avec les GLP-1 agonistes), leurs effets sur le poids corporel et sur la pression artérielle systolique (diminution avec les agonistes versus neutralité avec les gliptines), leur profil de tolérance (risque de nausées ou vomissements avec les agonistes) et leur coût (supérieur avec les agonistes du GLP-1). Toutes deux pourraient être bénéfiques sur le plan cardiovasculaire. Il apparaît qu’une gliptine est une excellente alternative à un sulfamide ou une glitazone après échec d’une monothérapie par metformine alors qu’un analogue des récepteurs au GLP-1 est une bonne alternative à l’insuline (surtout chez les sujets obèses) après échec d’une bithérapie orale. Ce schéma est sans doute trop restrictif et les modalités d’utilisation sont nombreuses, à quasi tous les stades du diabète de type 2. Le choix pourra s’orienter selon les caractéristiques cliniques, les objectifs fixés ou simplement les préférences du patient. [less ▲]

Evaluation de la qualité biologique des rivières wallonnes sur base des indices biologiques poissons. Support technique aux inventaires 2012.

Report (2012)

Ce rapport a pour objectif l’évaluation de la qualité biologique des eaux de surface basée sur les indices biologiques « poissons » dans un certain nombre de cours d’eau de Wallonie. Il résulte d’une ... [more ▼]

Ce rapport a pour objectif l’évaluation de la qualité biologique des eaux de surface basée sur les indices biologiques « poissons » dans un certain nombre de cours d’eau de Wallonie. Il résulte d’une convention entre le Service public de Wallonie et l’Université de Liège. [less ▲]

Etude comparative de l'efficacité de tourteaux des graines de Moringa Oleifera et du sulfate d'aluminium dans le traitement des eaux de consommation en Afrique sub-saharienne : cas des eaux du Burkina Faso

Conference (2012, November)