French Validation of the self-report Version of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents

Poster (2013, June 07)

Procédés et enjeux de l'écriture polémique dans le dossier épistolaire anti-adoptianiste du concile de Francfort (794)

Conference (2013, June 06)

Nous proposons une relecture à deux voix – historico-littéraire – des pièces du dossier épistolaire de Francfort attribué à Alcuin. Nous envisagerons les stratégies littéraires et oratoires mises en ... [more ▼]

Nous proposons une relecture à deux voix – historico-littéraire – des pièces du dossier épistolaire de Francfort attribué à Alcuin. Nous envisagerons les stratégies littéraires et oratoires mises en œuvres par Alcuin au nom des évêques francs, d’une part, et de Charlemagne, de l’autre, pour tenter de ramener l’épiscopat espagnol dans le giron romain. Nous tenterons d’affiner notre lecture des positions de chacun, perçues à travers le prisme des mots du diacre anglo-saxon. La confrontation de ces lettres synodales à celles qui ont été envoyées par les évêques espagnols, emmenés par l’archevêque Élipand de Tolède, devrait nous permettre de nourrir une réflexion sur le rôle, l’importance et la puissance stylistique du genre épistolaire, hérité de l’Antiquité, dans deux foyers importants de haute culture de l’époque – la péninsule ibérique et le monde insulaire – ainsi que sur l’impact de cette querelle épistolaire dans le processus de re-développement du genre dans le cadre de la renaissance carolingienne. [less ▲]

The coping strategies to fight against the food insecurity in the Republic of Niger

Poster (2013, June 06)

During the last decade, the Niger’s population has been affected by the food crisis (2001, 2004-2005, 2008, 2010-2011). Each year, she is subjected to many structural and temporary shocks. The structural ... [more ▼]

During the last decade, the Niger’s population has been affected by the food crisis (2001, 2004-2005, 2008, 2010-2011). Each year, she is subjected to many structural and temporary shocks. The structural shocks are caused by the chronicle difficulties (income) while the temporary shocks are tied at the "natural" disasters such as the hydrometeorological disasters, demographic crisis. The risk that the people fall in a state of food insecurity because of structural and temporary shocks is characterized by food vulnerability. The food vulnerability is defined as “the analysis of coping strategies and reactions faced with the structural or/and temporary shocks, if the coping strategies are not effectives, the people have in a temporary or structural food vulnerability” (Andres L. and Lebailly Ph., 2011). The target of this paper is to demonstrate the diversity of coping strategies in the different departments of Niger. The database is created as from an annual survey realized by the Early Alert System (EAS) and the Statistical National Institute of Niger (INS). This survey characterizes the state of food insecurity of households of Niger. The investigations of the household are based on stratified sampling. It exists two levels: region and enumeration areas. The investigations of the household are based from the database of the population census of 2001. This population census has determined the “enumeration areas”. These “enumeration areas” are defined as a “geographical area of 200 households on average” (INS, 2007). The sample of this investigation is established from a significant sample a point of view of the departments of Niger. The time period studied is spread the 2008 at 2011. The results have demonstrated that the departments of Tchintarabaden, Abalak, Tessaoua and Magaria have weakest number of collective meals, and the highest percentage of household practicing of selling the goods and land. Furthermore, the Niger’s population develops many strategies to struggle against the shocks. [less ▲]

Intérêt de l'épidémiologie et des modèles animaux expérimentaux dans l'étude des valvulopathies en cardiologie humaine et équine

Doctoral thesis (2013)

Valvular regurgitations are one of the most common causes of cardiac diseases in humans and in domestic animals. Clinical studies, epidemiological studies, and animal experimental models have been ... [more ▼]

Valvular regurgitations are one of the most common causes of cardiac diseases in humans and in domestic animals. Clinical studies, epidemiological studies, and animal experimental models have been developed to test new diagnostic and therapeutic techniques. Electrocardiography, Doppler echocardiography, angiography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography are currently used in clinical practice for diagnosis and prognosis. Medical management and, in humans, surgical treatments can increase life expectancy and improve quality of life of cardiac patients. In horses, cardiac clinical abnormalities including murmurs and arrhythmias are relatively common while the prevalence of clinically significant cardiac diseases is low. However, investigation of these with ECG and Doppler echocardiography is recommended as even mild cardiac abnormalities may lead to significant cardiac disease and cause poor performance in sport horses. To our knowledge, risk factors for several cardiac diseases have been suspected in equids. Few have been statistically demonstrated in a large equine population, since most studies about cardiac murmurs or arrhythmias concerned only racehorses. The first aim of this research work was to perform an epidemiological study in a large equine population to describe risk factors for various cardiac diseases. The prevalence of main cardiac diseases in the studied population was in accordance with previously described prevalence as mitral regurgitation (MR), atrial fibrillation (AF), aortic regurgitation (AR) and tricuspid regurgitation (TR) were the most frequently observed cardiac diseases. Various risk factors of these cardiac diseases were statistically demonstrated: Ageing and male gender appear to predispose to AR, TR appears to affect middle-aged patients, and AF was significantly more common in larger and heavier horses. Moreover MR was an important cardiac disease since it led to congestive heart failure (CHF) whereas AR was not a direct risk factor for CHF. Functional ischemic MR is one of the main human valvular diseases and is caused by ischemic cardiomyopathy with one or more prior myocardial infarctions involving most commonly the basal posterolateral myocardium of the left ventricle (LV). The therapeutic approach to functional MR is difficult and still controversy as regards the timing and the nature of the treatment. To our knowledge, no percutaneous large animal model of functional MR has been conceptualized. This model would be the first one to allow studying the dynamic component of functional MR. Therefore the second aim of this work was the development of an experimental animal model of functional ischemic MR. Goats appeared as good candidates for the model as they fulfill all requested conditions. They have a body and heart size comparable to that of humans and can be handled easily even during exercise tests. As few publications are available in this species, three first studies were designed to test the repeatability and to establish the reference values of measurements obtained using Two-Dimensional (2D), M-Mode, Pulsed-wave (PW) Doppler and 2D speckle tracking (2DST) echocardiography in unsedated standing adult goats. Standardized echocardiographic protocols were performed three times by the same observer at one day interval on 10 to 12 goats and the intra-observer inter-day repeatability and variability was calculated. 2D and M-Mode echocardiography showed a good inter-day repeatability and a low variability of the cardiac measurements, whereas PW Doppler measurements had a poor inter-day repeatability and a moderate variability. Caprine 2DST parameters demonstrated a poor but acceptable repeatability and a high variability and allowed determination of significant physiologic differences between measurements at rest and after exercise. Then the experimental model of functional ischemic mitral regurgitation induced by a percutaneous approach in goats was developed. This experimental study was conducted in two steps: first, the study of the goat coronary arteries anatomy to determine the best myocardial infarction location to induce ischemic MR in adult Saanen goats and, secondly, the development and the imaging characterization of the goat model of functional ischemic MR. The anatomic pattern of the coronary artery system of the goat was determined using casts made of auto polymerizing resin. Two coronary arteries branches were highlighted from the results of this anatomical study: the left marginal branch (LMB) and the posterior descending branch (PDB) of the left circumflex artery, which could supply the posterolateral wall of the LV. Then myocardial infarction was induced by microcoil embolization of LMB, PDB, or both, under fluoroscopic guidance. The results confirmed that LMB and PDB occlusion produced a large myocardial infarction and an immediate severe functional MR (n=3) unlike only LMB (n=2) or only PDB occlusion (n=2). Mortality rate of this model was high (56%), particularly when LMB and PDB were simultaneously occluded (87,5%). After the myocardial infarction, a complete follow-up was performed in each surviving goat using echocardiographic techniques previously described and MRI. 2DST techniques allowed quantifying LV dysfunction during acute ischemic MR. Quantification of functional MR was performed by Doppler techniques including measurements of the vena contracta width, the effective regurgitant orifice area and the regurgitant volume using the proximal isovelocity surface area method (PISA), and by 2D-echocardiographic technique analyzing the geometrical distortion of the mitral apparatus in mid-systole (tenting area and coaptation distance). Finally, MRI confirmed the location of myocardial ischemia and the presence of functional MR. These findings make this model an interesting alternative to study the pathophysiology of the functional ischemic MR, especially for its dynamic component yielding useful prognostic information. In conclusion, the two major aims of this research were met: the prevalence of various cardiac diseases and their risk factors in a large population of equids were described and an experimental model of functional ischemic mitral regurgitation induced by a percutaneous approach in goats was developed. This model of experimental ischemic MR could be useful to further study the pathophysiology of the functional ischemic MR, especially for its dynamic component and to maximize further treatment in problem patients. Our epidemiologic study confirmed that horses with cardiac murmurs or arrhythmias and presenting demonstrated risk factors, should routinely undergo ECG and Doppler echocardiography to diagnose and to evaluate the severity of any pathological cardiac abnormalities and to identify potential signs of evolution into CHF, including the presence of multiple cardiac diseases and enlargement of the cardiac chambers. [less ▲]

La protection de l’environnement et les installations classées

Conference given outside the academic context (2013)

L'équilibre sagittal dans la pathologie rachidienne.

Scientific conference (2013, June 05)

Validation d'une méthode d'analyse quantitative de l'équol dans le lait par UPLC-MSMS

Poster (2013, June 04)

Bandgap Measurement by Spectroscopic Ellipsometry for Strained Ge1-xSnx

Conference (2013, June 04)

Composition and Thickness Dependence of GeSn Growth by Chemical Vapor Deposition

Conference (2013, June 04)

De la suspicion à la confirmation de l’acétonémie de la vache laitière : - quels outils diagnostics ? - quelles actions correctrices et préventives ?

Conference given outside the academic context (2013)