L'astronomie dans le monde

Article for general public (2012)

Cinquantenaire de l’ESO;Constante de Hubble; Une comète brillante dans un an ?; Cratère Eltanin

Greening the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). The Analysis of Developments

in Punctul Critic, Quarterly social, political and cultural diagnostic (2012), 6

Mean Expression of the X-Chromosome is Associated with Neuronal Density.

in Frontiers in Neuroscience (2012), 6

Background: Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by key features such as loss of neurons, astrocytosis, and microglial activation/proliferation. These changes cause differences in the density of ... [more ▼]

Background: Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by key features such as loss of neurons, astrocytosis, and microglial activation/proliferation. These changes cause differences in the density of cell types between control and disease subjects, confounding results from gene expression studies. Chromosome X (ChrX) is known to be specifically important in the brain. We hypothesized the existence of a chromosomal signature of gene expression associated with the X-chromosome for neurological conditions not normally associated with that chromosome. The hypothesis was investigated using publicly available microarray datasets from studies on Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease. Data were analyzed using Chromowave, an analytical tool for detecting spatially extended expression changes along chromosomes. To examine associations with neuronal density and astrocytosis, the expression of cell specific reporter genes was extracted. The association between these genes and the expression patterns extracted by Chromowave was then analyzed. Further analyses of the X:Autosome ratios for laser dissected neurons, microglia cultures and whole tissue were performed to detect cell specific differences. Results: We observed an extended pattern of low expression of ChrX consistent in all the neurodegenerative disease brain datasets. There was a strong correlation between mean ChrX expression and the pattern extracted from the autosomal genes representing neurons, but not with mean autosomal expression. No chromosomal patterns associated with the neuron specific genes were found on other chromosomes. The chromosomal expression pattern was not present in datasets from blood cells. The X:Autosome expression ratio was also higher in neuronal cells than in tissues with a mix of cell types. Conclusions: The results suggest that neurological disorders show as a reduction in mean expression of many genes along ChrX. The most likely explanation for this finding relates to the documented general up-regulation of ChrX in brain tissue which, this work suggests, occurs primarily in neurons. If validated, this cell specific ChrX expression warrants further research as understanding the biological reasons and mechanisms for this expression, may help to elucidate a connection with the development of neurodegenerative disorders. [less ▲]

Prognostic Value of Serologic and Histologic Markers on Clinical Relapse in Ulcerative Colitis Patients With Mucosal Healing

in American Journal of Gastroenterology (2012, November), 11(107), 1684-92

Osculating circle with microscopes within microscopes

in Foundations of Science (2012)

Classically, an osculating circle at a point of a planar curve is introduced technically, often with formula giving its radius and the coordinates of its center. In this note, we propose a new and ... [more ▼]

Classically, an osculating circle at a point of a planar curve is introduced technically, often with formula giving its radius and the coordinates of its center. In this note, we propose a new and intuitive definition of this concept: among all the circles which have, at the considered point, the same tangent as the studied curve and thus seem equal to the curve through a microscope, the osculating circle is this that seems equal to the curve through a microscope within microscope. [less ▲]

Highly excited states of baryond in large Nc QCD

in Bled Workshops in Physics (2012, November), 13(1), 47-53

Utilisation de la transfusion par les services cliniques en 2011 en RD Congo : leçons à tirer

in Transfusion Clinique et Biologique (2012)

La capture du CO2: un défi pour l'avenir

Scientific conference (2012, November)

General presentation of the CO2 capture technologies, the potential for CO2 valorization and the technology of CO2 storage. Presentation adressed to secondary school teachers.

An open-air site from the recent Middle Palaeolithic in the Paris Basin (France): Les Bossats at Ormesson (Seine-et-Marne).

Conference (2012, November)

Le "Design Thinking" ou comment décomplex(ifi)er l'accès à la créativité et augmenter votre efficacité

Conference given outside the academic context (2012)

La pensée créative est à l’innovation ce que les méthodes sont à la recherche scientifique: une base essentielle. Longtemps associés à une certaine part de mystère, les mécanismes intrinsèques de la ... [more ▼]

La pensée créative est à l’innovation ce que les méthodes sont à la recherche scientifique: une base essentielle. Longtemps associés à une certaine part de mystère, les mécanismes intrinsèques de la créativité sont aujourd’hui peu à peu décryptés par les communautés de chercheurs actifs en ingénierie de la conception, en sciences sociales ou en psychologie. Un consensus semble se dégager quant à l’étendue de son application: la véritable valeur ajoutée de la créativité apparaît lorsqu’elle est appliquée, telle une culture d’entreprise, à toutes les strates d’un projet et lorsqu’elle est mise en oeuvre, sans distinction, par tout un chacun. Forts de ce constat, des entrepreneurs et inventeurs tels que David Kelley (fondateur d’IDEO, directeur de la d.school, Université de Stanford) ou Tim Brown (CEO actuel d’IDEO) ont activement développé une approche appelée le "Design Thinking". Celle-ci vise à démystifier et «décomplex(ifi)er» certains procédés favorisant la créativité et ainsi parvenir à décomplexer les acteurs généralement considérés comme «non créatifs». L’intervention abordera, au travers d’une vingtaine de «success stories», les concepts de base de la démarche. Elle se voudra avant tout à la portée de ceux et celles qui désirent ré-intégrer la créativité au sein de leur pratique professionnelle et, en finalité, augmenter leur potentiel innovant. [less ▲]