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Quantitative proteomic analysis to decipher the differential apoptotic response of bortezomib-treated APL cells before and after retinoic acid differentiation reveals involvement of protein toxicity mechanisms.; ; Calligaris, David et alin Proteomics (2012) The ubiquitin-proteasome system allows the targeted degradation of proteins and plays a critical role in the regulation of many cellular processes. Proteasome inhibition is a recent antitumor therapeutic ... [more ▼] The ubiquitin-proteasome system allows the targeted degradation of proteins and plays a critical role in the regulation of many cellular processes. Proteasome inhibition is a recent antitumor therapeutic strategy and bortezomib was the first proteasome inhibitor approved for clinical use. In this study, we used the NB4 cell line to investigate the effects of bortezomib toward acute promyelocytic leukemia cells before and after retinoic acid-induced differentiation. We showed that apoptosis level after bortezomib treatment is higher in NB4 cells than in differentiated NB4 cells. To compare early protein variations upon bortezomib treatment in both NB4 cell populations, we performed a quantitative proteomic analysis based on iTRAQ peptide labeling followed by data analysis with in-house developed scripts. This strategy revealed the regulation of 14 proteins principally involved in protein stress response and apoptosis in NB4 cells after proteasome inhibition. Altogether, our results suggest that the differential level of apoptosis induced by bortezomib treatment in both NB4 cell populations could result from distinct protein toxicity level. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 9 (1 ULg) Révision de la Carte Numérique des Sols de Wallonie - Campagne de recherche 2012-2013 - Premier rapport intermédiaireLegrain, Xavier ; Michel, Brieuc ; et alReport (2012) Detailed reference viewed: 18 (2 ULg) « L'autoportrait au collectif. À propos de quelques stratégies d’émergence groupale dans le champ littéraire français de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle »Saint-Amand, Denis ![]() Conference (2012, November 07) Detailed reference viewed: 11 (0 ULg) Valorisation du savoir local pour une cogestion conservatoire de l'arganeraie marocaineAziz, Larbi ![]() Doctoral thesis (2012) L’arganeraie est un écosystème particulier disposant d’une biodiversité animale et végétale spécifique dont l’élément central est l’arganier. C’est un arbre multifonctionnel du fait des usages multiples ... [more ▼] L’arganeraie est un écosystème particulier disposant d’une biodiversité animale et végétale spécifique dont l’élément central est l’arganier. C’est un arbre multifonctionnel du fait des usages multiples qu’en font les populations locales. Il constitue l’élément central du système agraire local car il a configuré et rythmé la vie et les activités des populations. Celles-ci, disposant de nombreux droits de jouissance au niveau de la forêt d’arganier, ont mis au point une gestion communautaire régulant l’accès et le contrôle aux ressources. Cette gestion et le fonctionnement du système agraire témoignent de la possession par ces populations de savoirs et savoirs faire locaux qui perdurent de génération en génération. Toutefois, ces savoirs n’ont pas été assez étudiés pour pouvoir les valoriser. Or, depuis des décennies, les savoirs locaux font l’objet d’intérêt croissant à l’échelle internationale, tant au sein de la communauté scientifique que des ONG internationales. C’est ainsi que cette recherche vise à identifier et à valoriser ces savoirs dans le cadre d’une stratégie de cogestion conservatoire, intégrée et participative de l’arganeraie. Comme outils d’investigation, nous avons eu recours à l’observation et à l’entretien semi directif. Ainsi, nous avons interrogé une centaine de personnes (hommes et femmes) relevant des communes rurales d’Aguerd et de Tidzi (région d’Essaouira). Nous avons aussi interrogé des acteurs institutionnels (agriculture, eaux et forêts, agences, recherche et ONG) en vue de dégager leurs points de vue. Pour l’analyse des données, nous avons utilisé trois méthodes complémentaires: l’analyse descriptive, l’analyse du contenu et l’analyse comparative. Les savoirs locaux identifiés ont été analysés notamment au regard du savoir scientifique. Les résultats ont été comparés entre les deux communes, et au sein de chaque commune ces savoirs sont différenciés selon le genre. Par ailleurs, nous nous sommes basés sur le cadre analytique de Berkes (1999) et sur le modèle IAD Framework d’Orstom (1994) pour pouvoir comprendre la problématique traitée dans toutes ses facettes. Ainsi, nous avons identifié des savoirs relatifs aux trois éléments du système agraire local et à leurs interactions ainsi que ceux relatifs au mode de gestion de la forêt d’arganier et la vie culturelle de la population enquêtée (rites, recettes cosmétiques et de la pharmacopée traditionnelle,..). Il en ressort que l’ensemble de ces savoirs renvoie à une meilleure adaptation de la population à son milieu, à une fine connaissance de l’écosystème et de son fonctionnement. D’autre part, ces savoirs, différenciés selon le genre, montrent que les paysans ne raisonnent pas l’écosystème de manière sectorielle mais dans sa globalité. Par ailleurs, les modes de transmission de ces savoirs sont l’observation, la participation et l’imitation. Cependant, certains de ces savoirs sont en train de disparaître suite aux changements que connaît la zone. Ils doivent donc être requalifiés comme patrimoine culturel à respecter, à conserver, à en contrôler l’accès et à valoriser. D’un autre côté, nos résultats ont montré que l’engouement pour les produits de l’arganier et la flambée de leurs prix à partir de la fin des années 1990, ont entrainé des conséquence socio-économiques au niveau de la zone : changements au niveau des représentations et des comportements des locaux vis-à-vis de l’arbre, apparition de nouveaux acteurs s’enroulant dans des collectifs qui ont beaucoup évolué, mis en place d’un marché peu structuré et pas assez profitable aux locaux, érosion du savoir local, apparition de nouveaux modes d’alimentation, disparition de coutumes et de traditions, etc. ce qui nous a poussé à plaider pour la conception d’une stratégie de conservation de l’arganeraie. Or, de nombreuses actions ont été menées par certains acteurs dans ce sens. Malheureusement, ces efforts sont restés sectoriels, éparpillés, non intégrés et ne prenant pas en compte les nouvelles dynamiques en place. C’est ainsi que nous avons élaboré une proposition de stratégie de cogestion conservatoire de l’arganeraie faisant participer l’ensemble des acteurs, particulièrement les populations locales en valorisant leurs savoirs. Elle se veut cohérente, intégrée et reposant sur les axes suivants : la participation et la concertation entre les différents acteurs, l’assurance d’une bonne gouvernance locale (au sein des structures et entre les partenaires), l’appropriation de l’aménagement de l’arganeraie en valorisant les savoirs locaux identifiés et en appuyant la structure de l’agdal, la structuration du marché et la relocalisation de la plus-value (IGP argane), la promotion du tourisme rural, la réalisation d’actions d’accompagnement. Par ailleurs, cette stratégie doit s’inscrire dans le cadre d’un développement local plus global pour pouvoir prendre en compte l’aspect temporel dans les évolutions des dynamiques en cours. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 45 (8 ULg) Child labour in small-scale artisanal mining in different African mining townsAndre, Géraldine ![]() Scientific conference (2012, November 07) Detailed reference viewed: 1 (0 ULg) Responsabilité sociale et management durable dans une école de gestion: le cas de HEC-ULgCorhay, Albert ; Crutzen, Nathalie ![]() Conference (2012, November 07) Detailed reference viewed: 30 (2 ULg) Entropie et anthropisation des paysages : interprétations, usages, interrelationsVranken, Isabelle ![]() Scientific conference (2012, November 07) La notion d'entropie en écologie du paysage est fréquemment utilisée, notamment pour caractériser l'effet des perturbations anthropiques. Or il s'avère que ce concept puisse y prendre des sens multiples ... [more ▼] La notion d'entropie en écologie du paysage est fréquemment utilisée, notamment pour caractériser l'effet des perturbations anthropiques. Or il s'avère que ce concept puisse y prendre des sens multiples et parfois contradictoires, notamment en ce qui concerne le lien entre entropie thermodynamique et hétérogénéité spatiale du paysage. Ce séminaire présente les différentes interprétations de l'entropie en écologie du paysage et dans d'autres disciplines, puis tente d'établir des liens entre elles, plus particulièrement avec la thermodynamique. En outre, un lien entre l'entropie (hétérogénéité spatiale, puis thermodynamique) et l'anthropisation est établi à l'aide d'indices de structure spatiale (Simpson, LPI, U) appliqués à une population de 16 paysages africains. Il en ressort que l'effet anthropique a tendance à augmenter l'hétérogénéité spatiale du paysage pour atteindre un optimum à l'équilibre entre classes anthropiques et naturelles et ensuite diminuer. L'étude des liens entre hétérogénéité spatiale et thermodynamique montre qu'en l'état actuel des connaissances, il n'est pas pertinent d'établir un lien unilatéral entre ces deux champs d'observation. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 37 (4 ULg) Concepts, intentionnalité et conscience phénoménaleZincq, Aurélien ![]() in Bulletin d'Analyse Phénoménologique (2012), VIII(5), 1-41 Dans cette étude, nous nous proposons d’appliquer à la sphère phénoménale la thèse conceptualiste selon laquelle le contenu d’un acte de perception est intégralement réductible à un contenu conceptuel. Il ... [more ▼] Dans cette étude, nous nous proposons d’appliquer à la sphère phénoménale la thèse conceptualiste selon laquelle le contenu d’un acte de perception est intégralement réductible à un contenu conceptuel. Il s’agit de défendre l’idée que les qualités phénoménales — les qualia — sont elles aussi justiciables, à l’instar de l’ensemble de ce qui compose le contenu de l’expérience perceptive, d’une identification conceptuelle. Pour mener à bien notre projet, nous étendrons, au prix de quelques rectifications, la thèse conceptualiste initialement développée par J. McDowell à la phénoménologie de la perception. Cela nous permettra d’établir un dialogue fructueux entre les débats actuels en philosophie de l’esprit et la (proto-)phénoménologie husserlienne. L’issue de cette discussion entre traditions n’est rien de moins qu’une nouvelle lecture de la phénoménologie, au-delà de son interprétation frégéenne. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 24 (1 ULg) Use of Life Cycle Assesment to determine the environmental impact of thermochemical conversion routes of lignocellulosic biomass: state of the art.Gerbinet, Saïcha ; Léonard, Angélique ![]() Poster (2012, November 07) Abstract: The biomass is a promising way to substitute fossil fuels. Lignocellulosic biomass valorisation is part of second generation technologies. They are interesting in that they imply less ... [more ▼] Abstract: The biomass is a promising way to substitute fossil fuels. Lignocellulosic biomass valorisation is part of second generation technologies. They are interesting in that they imply less competition with food crops for land and water, and they allow for the whole plant to be processed. Moreover, lignocellulose is abundant in cheap and non-food materials extracted from plants such as wood and energy crops. The thermo-chemical route is being considered more extensively, especially the gasification process. This process converts carbonaceous biomass into combustible gases (CO, H2, CO2, CH4, and impurities) called syngas in the presence of a suitable oxidant. The syngas can be converted into a large range of products, such as diesel, via a Fischer-Tropsch process, or methanol, used for producing DME (dimethyl ether), both of which can serve as fuels in traditional motors. Syngas can also be used to produce ethylene and propylene, two building blocks for the chemical industry. Production of these four compounds is specifically investigated. In order to insure that, under the principle of sustainability, the use of lignocellulosic biomass is a viable alternative, its environmental impact must be accurately quantified. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology will be used in this regard for the gasification process. The gasification technology will be described, and a state of the art in LCA of the gasification process will be presented. Finally, the need for new research will be established. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 16 (2 ULg) Use of Life Cycle Assessment to determine the environmental impact of thermochemical conversion routes of lignocellulosic biomass: state of the artGerbinet, Saïcha ; Léonard, Angélique ![]() in LCA conference 2012 - Proceeding of the 2nd international conference on life cycle approaches (2012, November 07) The biomass is a promising way to substitute fossil fuels. Lignocellulosic biomass valorisation is part of second generation technologies. They are interesting in that they imply less competition with ... [more ▼] The biomass is a promising way to substitute fossil fuels. Lignocellulosic biomass valorisation is part of second generation technologies. They are interesting in that they imply less competition with food crops for land and water, and they allow for the whole plant to be processed. Moreover, lignocellulose is abundant in cheap and non-food materials extracted from plants such as wood and energy crops. The thermo-chemical route is being considered more extensively, especially the gasification process. This process converts carbonaceous biomass into combustible gases (CO, H2, CO2, CH4, and impurities) called syngas in the presence of a suitable oxidant. The syngas can be converted into a large range of products, such as diesel, via a Fischer-Tropsch process, or methanol, used for producing DME (dimethyl ether), both of which can serve as fuels in traditional motors. Syngas can also be used to produce ethylene and propylene, two building blocks for the chemical industry. Production of these four compounds is specifically investigated. In order to insure that, under the principle of sustainability, the use of lignocellulosic biomass is a viable alternative, its environmental impact must be accurately quantified. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology will be used in this regard for the gasification process. The gasification technology will be described, and a state of the art in LCA of the gasification process will be presented. Finally, the need for new research will be established. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 11 (1 ULg) Optimum design of low-cost housing in developing countries using nonsmooth simulation-based optimizationNguyen, Anh Tuan ; Reiter, Sigrid ![]() in Proceedings of the 28th International PLEA Conference (2012, November 07) An optimum design of Low-cost housing (LCH) offers low-income urban inhabitants great opportunities to obtain a shelter at affordable price and acceptable indoor thermal conditions. In the present study ... [more ▼] An optimum design of Low-cost housing (LCH) offers low-income urban inhabitants great opportunities to obtain a shelter at affordable price and acceptable indoor thermal conditions. In the present study, the design and operation of a low cost dwelling were numerically optimized using simulation-based approach in which a dynamic building simulation program (EnergyPlus) was coupled with the optimization engine (GenOpt). Three multi-objective cost functions which include construction cost, indoor thermal comfort and 50-year operating cost were applied for naturally ventilated (NV) and air-conditioned (AC) buildings. Optimization problem which consists of 18 building parameters combined with 6 ventilation strategies was examined by two population-based optimization algorithms (Particle Swarm optimization and Hybrid algorithm) to find optimum combinations among these variables. The results show that the design requirements of NV and AC dwellings are not quite similar, and in a few categories, even contradictory. Optimum design corresponding to each cost function was outlined. Results of this paper also show great potential of optimization in comfort improvement, energy saving, life cycle cost, up to 40%. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 49 (2 ULg) Overview on the diversity of sounds produced by clownfishes (Pomacentridae): importance of acoustic signals in their peculiar way of life.Colleye, Orphal ; Parmentier, Eric ![]() in PLoS ONE (2012), 7(11), Background: Clownfishes (Pomacentridae) are brightly colored coral reef fishes well known for their mutualistic symbiosis with tropical sea anemones. These fishes live in social groups in which there is a ... [more ▼] Background: Clownfishes (Pomacentridae) are brightly colored coral reef fishes well known for their mutualistic symbiosis with tropical sea anemones. These fishes live in social groups in which there is a size-based dominance hierarchy. In this structure where sex is socially controlled, agonistic interactions are numerous and serve to maintain size differences between individuals adjacent in rank. Clownfishes are also prolific callers whose sounds seem to play an important role in the social hierarchy. Here, we aim to review and to synthesize the diversity of sounds produced by clownfishes in order to emphasize the importance of acoustic signals in their way of life. Methodology/Principal Findings: Recording the different acoustic behaviors indicated that sounds are divided into two main categories: aggressive sounds produced in conjunction with threat postures (charge and chase), and submissive sounds always emitted when fish exhibited head shaking movements (i.e. a submissive posture). Both types of sounds showed size-related intraspecific variation in dominant frequency and pulse duration: smaller individuals produce higher frequency and shorter duration pulses than larger ones, and inversely. Consequently, these sonic features might be useful cues for individual recognition within the group. This observation is of significant importance due to the size-based hierarchy in clownfish group. On the other hand, no acoustic signal was associated with the different reproductive activities. Conclusions/Significance: Unlike other pomacentrids, sounds are not produced for mate attraction in clownfishes but to reach and to defend the competition for breeding status, which explains why constraints are not important enough for promoting call diversification in this group. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 73 (15 ULg) Domaine boisé du Sart Tilman (ULg) : Valorisation énergétique de la biomasse ligneuse en adéquation avec une gestion multifonctionnelleRondeux, Jacques ; Schillings, Thomas ![]() Scientific conference (2012, November 06) During winter 2010-2011, a forest inventory was performed within a part of the forest belonging to the University of Liège (ULg, Belgium) located near Sart Tilman. The aim of this inventory was to ... [more ▼] During winter 2010-2011, a forest inventory was performed within a part of the forest belonging to the University of Liège (ULg, Belgium) located near Sart Tilman. The aim of this inventory was to quantify the fire-wood which is available for producing wood-chips. The results of the inventory and the production process of wood-chips are detailed. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 14 (6 ULg) Conférence-débat "Les nouveaux chiens de garde"Geuens, Geoffrey ![]() Scientific conference (2012, November 06) Detailed reference viewed: 4 (3 ULg) L'évêché d'Eupen-Malmedy (1921-1925). Quelques considérations sur l'attitude de l'Eglise face aux "frères retrouvés" durant l'entre-deux-guerresBrüll, Christoph ![]() Conference given outside the academic context (2012) Detailed reference viewed: 7 (0 ULg) L'effet des barrages de castors sur le système hydrographiquePetit, François ; Denis, Anne-Cécile ; Levecq, Yannick et alConference given outside the academic context (2012) Estimation de la sédimentation dans les retenues provoquées par les barrages de castor. Impact en aval des barrages sur l'incision des rivières. Localisarion des barrages de castor en relation avec la ... [more ▼] Estimation de la sédimentation dans les retenues provoquées par les barrages de castor. Impact en aval des barrages sur l'incision des rivières. Localisarion des barrages de castor en relation avec la tailled es rivières (ordination des cours d'eau). Discussion sur les conséquences éventuelles des retenues sur les débits d'étiage. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 34 (9 ULg) Optimisation de l'utilisation des ressources en eau du bassin du Kou pour des usages agricolesTraore, Farid ![]() Doctoral thesis (2012) Water is a priceless natural resource very sensitive to external factors and environmental degradation. It becomes more valuable as competing uses multiply. Therefore, integrated and cooperative water ... [more ▼] Water is a priceless natural resource very sensitive to external factors and environmental degradation. It becomes more valuable as competing uses multiply. Therefore, integrated and cooperative water resources management is essential within a watershed. The Kou watershed (Burkina Faso) has significant water resources which are divided between domestic (water supply, etc.), agricultural (irrigation) and industrial uses. The hydro-agricultural context of the Kou watershed is marked by a perennial river, along which are located several agricultural areas. Over time, once satisfying water needs degraded to irrigation water deficits, mainly due to a reduction in water supply and an increase in irrigated farmland. Irrigation water deficits are mostly encountered in the more downstream agricultural areas. The socio-economic context is characterized by a growing trend for highly profitable and water consuming crops (e.g. banana). This further increases the irrigation water deficits, as well as the upstream-downstream water-sharing inequalities. In the context of the study area, the main factor that may influence the agricultural water withdrawals is the farmers' production system. The main hypothesis of the study was to verify whether these agricultural production systems could be the lever to optimize irrigation water use. The methodology of the study was to provide a sufficiently accurate knowledge of the water management system, so that improvements could be proposed. A decision support tool based on the ‘multi-agent systems’ approach (MAS) was developed in order to provide an answer to the problems of the study area’s water management by simulating management scenarios. The findings of the study showed (using the MAS tool) that through actions on agricultural production systems it is possible to optimize irrigation water withdrawals. Within the production systems, it is mainly changes in irrigation practices that have led to an optimization of the water management. Finally, the study showed that the use of MAS in resolving agricultural water management issues in the Kou watershed could be the starting point for a new approach in water management. This approach allows the effective integration of the consequences of farmers' decisions regarding water management. More generally MAS-based natural resources management tools provide a common representation of the environment within a model that can help raise awareness concerning a better management of these natural resources. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 173 (31 ULg) Air Cavity ship as a solution to reduce frictional resistanceLapy, Matthieu ; Hage, André ![]() Conference (2012, November 06) Frictional resistance is an important part of the total resistance of a ship, especially when the Froude number is small. There exists different ways to reduce it, like riblets, polymer injection, air ... [more ▼] Frictional resistance is an important part of the total resistance of a ship, especially when the Froude number is small. There exists different ways to reduce it, like riblets, polymer injection, air lubrication and air cavity. The first two techniques are hard to implement for full-scale ships. The air lubrication is subjected to plenty of research for around twenty years and could lead to resistance reduction up to 80%. Unfortunately, full-scale tests do not present the same results. The principle of air cavity ships is quite different, in the sense that air is blocked under the hull. The system exists for more than 100 years, but does not seem to convince the naval architects, although it can reduce the resistance up to 20%. The problem is that it can increase the resistance. Better knowledge of the phenomena is then necessary. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 22 (1 ULg) Plantes Médicinales Antipaludiques de l'île de la RéunionFrederich, Michel ; Jonville, Marie-Caroline ; et alConference (2012, November 06) Detailed reference viewed: 12 (1 ULg) Life Cycle Assessment of an artisanal Belgian blond beerMelon, Raphaëlle ; ; Renzoni, Roberto et alin [avniR] editions (Ed.) Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on life cycle approaches (2012, November 06) Detailed reference viewed: 20 (6 ULg) |
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