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See detailSartre en psychopathologie : de Huis-clos à l’« homme en situation
Englebert, Jérôme ULg

Conference (2013, June 21)

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See detailModeling of Electromagnetic Systems by Coupling of Subproblems – Application to Thin Shell Finite Element Magnetic Models
Dang, Quoc Vuong ULg

Doctoral thesis (2013)

The direct application of the finite element method to realistic electromagnetic problems is challenging, especially when modeling structures with thin conductive and/or magnetic parts. This work presents ... [more ▼]

The direct application of the finite element method to realistic electromagnetic problems is challenging, especially when modeling structures with thin conductive and/or magnetic parts. This work presents a subproblem method for correcting the inaccuracies inherent to classical thin shell models, and to efficiently handle geometrical and material variations in parametric studies. [less ▲]

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See detailMultiscale computational homogenization methods with a gradient enhanced scheme based on the discontinuous Galerkin formulation
Nguyen, Van Dung ULg; Becker, Gauthier; Noels, Ludovic ULg

in Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics & Engineering (2013), 260

When considering problems of dimensions close to the characteristic length of the material, the size e ects can not be neglected and the classical (so–called first–order) multiscale computational ... [more ▼]

When considering problems of dimensions close to the characteristic length of the material, the size e ects can not be neglected and the classical (so–called first–order) multiscale computational homogenization scheme (FMCH) looses accuracy, motivating the use of a second–order multiscale computational homogenization (SMCH) scheme. This second–order scheme uses the classical continuum at the micro–scale while considering second–order continuum at the macro–scale. Although the theoretical background of the second–order continuum is increasing, the implementation into a finite element code is not straightforward because of the lack of high–order continuity of the shape functions. In this work, we propose a SMCH scheme relying on the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method at the macro–scale, which simplifies the implementation of the method. Indeed, the DG method is a generalization of weak formulations allowing for inter-element discontinuities either at the C0 level or at the C1 level, and it can thus be used to constrain weakly the C1 continuity at the macro–scale. The C0 continuity can be either weakly constrained by using the DG method or strongly constrained by using usual C0 displacement–based finite elements. Therefore, two formulations can be used at the macro–scale: (i) the full–discontinuous Galerkin formulation (FDG) with weak C0 and C1 continuity enforcements, and (ii) the enriched discontinuous Galerkin formulation (EDG) with high–order term enrichment into the conventional C0 finite element framework. The micro–problem is formulated in terms of standard equilibrium and periodic boundary conditions. A parallel implementation in three dimensions for non–linear finite deformation problems is developed, showing that the proposed method can be integrated into conventional finite element codes in a straightforward and e cient way. [less ▲]

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See detailOstraca littéraires profanes de provenance monastique dans l'Égypte byzantine
Carlig, Nathan ULg

Conference (2013, June 14)

Documentée par des milliers de papyrus, parchemins, ostraca, tablettes de bois ou cirées, – restes de livres ou de documents dont les plus anciens remontent au IIe siècle de notre ère –, la ... [more ▼]

Documentée par des milliers de papyrus, parchemins, ostraca, tablettes de bois ou cirées, – restes de livres ou de documents dont les plus anciens remontent au IIe siècle de notre ère –, la christianisation de l’Égypte a longtemps été perçue comme un phénomène ayant entraîné la disparition de la culture profane de tradition hellénique (paideia). Il faut cependant nuancer ce propos : nombre d’échanges, d’emprunts entre les deux types de cultures ont existé. La découverte, à côté de quelques papyrus, de 37 ostraca à contenu littéraire profane dans les ruines de monastères égyptiens, tous de la région thébaine, et datant de la fin du Ve siècle au milieu du VIIIe siècle, constitue un petit ensemble de témoins de ce phénomène. Nous fondant sur l'analyse de la forme, de la mise en page et du contenu de ceux-ci, nous montrerons par quels biais la paideia hellénique s'est introduite dans les monastères, milieux chrétiens par excellence. [less ▲]

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See detail"Rends excellente ta place de l'Occident". Pour une approche intégrée de la décoration des tombes thébaines sous le règne d'Amenhotep II
Gathy, Maruschka ULg

Doctoral thesis (2013)

Sur l’ensemble des règnes de la XVIIIème dynastie égyptienne, il apparaît, jusqu’assez récemment, que celui d’Amenhotep II a suscité un intérêt moindre de la part des chercheurs, ces derniers lui ayant ... [more ▼]

Sur l’ensemble des règnes de la XVIIIème dynastie égyptienne, il apparaît, jusqu’assez récemment, que celui d’Amenhotep II a suscité un intérêt moindre de la part des chercheurs, ces derniers lui ayant préféré, de manière générale, ceux plus longs ou historiquement plus déterminants de Thoutmosis III, d’Amenhotep III ou encore d’Amenhotep IV – Akhenaton, et ce bien que plusieurs travaux fondamentaux aient déjà permis de mettre en évidence une série de traits spécifiques à cette période. Le règne d’Amenhotep II se caractérise en effet par une nouvelle gestion du gouvernement, où le phénomène d’hérédité qui s’installait progressivement dans certaines fonctions est endigué mais où, dans le même temps, les membres de quelques familles puissantes et particulièrement proches du roi se voient confier les plus hautes charges de l’administration. Aussi, pour la réalisation de leurs « demeures d’éternité », véritables cartes de visite de leurs propriétaires et témoins privilégiés des grandes orientations de l’époque, les principaux officiels du règne d’Amenhotep II ont pour la plupart porté leur choix sur la partie supérieure de la colline de Sheikh Abd el-Gourna, site particulièrement prisé pour sa position surélevée comme pour la proximité qu’il entretient avec les temples funéraires royaux. Les tombes de ces dignitaires se distinguent néanmoins de celles de leurs prédécesseurs, par des dimensions colossales, par l’étendue et la complexité des dispositifs intérieurs ainsi que par le choix de représentations et d’inscriptions qui, placées à des endroits stratégiques, soulignent les relations étroites qu’entretenait le propriétaire avec Pharaon. En outre, le traitement même des scènes figurées est également, à ce moment précis, l’objet de modifications considérables ; l’art pictural, qui se voulait depuis ses origines purement conceptuel et d’apparence hiéroglyphique, s’assouplit à divers égards pour prendre une apparence plus « sensuelle », plus « perceptuelle ». Ces transformations, qui s’amplifieront encore durant les règnes suivants, jettent déjà, en quelque sorte, les bases de ce qui deviendra la « révolution » du règne d’Akhenaton. Dans ce contexte, la présente thèse vise, au moyen d’une analyse pluridisciplinaire et « intégrée » de la décoration des chapelles du règne d’Amenhotep II, à caractériser dans une perspective socioculturelle les changements iconographiques et stylistiques qui affectent cette production artistique en pleine mutation. [less ▲]

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See detailSustainable housing in Vietnam: Climate responsive design strategies to optimize thermal comfort
Nguyen, Anh Tuan ULg

Doctoral thesis (2013)

Housing issue in Vietnam is still a big concern as in 2008, 72.2% of the existing housing was semi-permanent or temporary and 89.2% of the poor did not have a permanent shelter. As a response to ... [more ▼]

Housing issue in Vietnam is still a big concern as in 2008, 72.2% of the existing housing was semi-permanent or temporary and 89.2% of the poor did not have a permanent shelter. As a response to sustainability, the global aim of this thesis is to develop design strategies toward comfortable, energy-efficient housing with acceptable building cost. Occupants’ thermal comfort is the key assessment criterion throughout the research. <br />First of all, the thesis develops a thermal comfort model for Vietnamese people living in naturally ventilated buildings through the data from field surveys around South-East Asia. This comfort model is then validated by survey data in Vietnam in 2012. <br />A new simple climate analysis tool is developed, used to analyze the climate of 3 regions in question and to draw preliminary design guidelines. A comprehensive study on climate responsive design strategies of vernacular housing in Vietnam is also carried out. The results to some extend reveal the remaining values of vernacular architecture and provide valuable lessons for modern applications. <br />Three most common housing prototypes in Vietnam are selected. Afterward a comprehensive framework is implemented to derive thermal performances of 3 typical housing types. Various techniques (in situ monitoring, building thermal simulation, CFD and airflow network model, numerical model calibration, parametric simulation method) are employed to improve the thermal performances and natural ventilation of these houses. <br />The sensitivity of building performance to the design variables is outlined by Monte Carlo-based sensitivity analysis. The thermal performances of the reference cases are optimized using the simulation-based optimization method and the most influential design variables. Optimization results show the best combinations of design strategies for each climatic region. The performances of the optimal solutions are compared with the references, providing an insight of the efficiency of this approach in building design. <br />Finally, the different objectives yielded in this thesis are summarized. The possible future extensions of this research are outlined. [less ▲]

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See detailMise au point d’un protocole de multiplication in vitro de Jatropha curcas L. en vue d’une application à grande échelle
Medza Mve, Samson Daudet ULg

Doctoral thesis (2013)

Jatropha curcas L. is a wild plant, that emerged as a source of energy for biodiesel production. It has acquired significant economic potential as it does not compete with the edible oil supplies ... [more ▼]

Jatropha curcas L. is a wild plant, that emerged as a source of energy for biodiesel production. It has acquired significant economic potential as it does not compete with the edible oil supplies. Realizing its importance, in vitro multiplication methods have been established to meet the demand of large scale supply of superior clones. In order to improve the in vitro multiplication rate (number of shoots/explant/subculture/three weeks) of J. curcas, axillary nodes taken from young plants of two accessions (originating from Cameroon and Senegal) have been cultivated for three weeks on a Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium (MS) supplemented with 8.87 µM BAP, 4.92 µM IBA, and 30 g/l sucrose at pH 5.7±0.1, and solidified with 0.7% agar. The shoots obtained from each original explant were then transferred to a multiplication media consisting of MS medium supplemented with 2.21 to 8.9 μM BA or 2.21 to 8.9 μM kinetin in combination with 2.46 μM IBA. Each combination was completed with 12.2 mg.l-1 adenine sulfate and 25 mg.l-1 of glutamine. The best multiplication rate was obtained for the PM medium containing 6.65 μM BA and 2.46 μM IBA. The mean multiplication rate is 8.1 shoots per explant during the 7 following subcultures. Leafy shoots obtained have been rooted in a medium containing half of the major mineral and minor mineral components of MS supplemented with 5.7 μM IBA, then acclimated with a survival rate of 97%. With the aim of finding a more efficient production protocol practicable on a large-scale, an alternative method has been developed to regenerate whole plants of J. curcas from nodes via the induction of buds aggregates. Histological observation shows that bud aggregates are simultaneously formed through axillary budding and adventitious regeneration of buds. These buds are elongated in MS medium supplemented with 2.21 µM BA, 5.70 µM IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) and 15 mg.l-1 L arginine. The leafy stems are then rooted on MS containing 2.46 µM IBA, 2% sucrose, and 0.7% agar. The entire process takes 14 weeks with 98% plants survival after acclimatization. We obtain a multiplication rate of 13 buds per explant per subculture. This protocol is more efficient than previously known protocols. [less ▲]

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See detailInfluence of the mode of walk on walking speed in multiple sclerosis: are you walking comfortably?
PHAN BA, Remy ULg; DELRUE, Gaël ULg; Pierard, Sébastien ULg et al

Poster (2013, June 10)

Introduction : Walking speed (WS) is the most frequent gait variable taken into account when measuring gait dysfunction in neurological diseases. Influences of the mode of walk instructed to the subject ... [more ▼]

Introduction : Walking speed (WS) is the most frequent gait variable taken into account when measuring gait dysfunction in neurological diseases. Influences of the mode of walk instructed to the subject, i.e. « as fast as possible » (AFAP) or « at a comfortable pace » (PrP) have not been well characterized in multiple sclerosis (MS). Objectives : to compare those 2 mode of walk in a population of persons with MS (pMS) and healthy volunteers (HV). Methods: WS was measured with a new automated device along a 25 foot distance (T25FW) as part of a multimodal evaluation of gait in an MS ambulatory department. Results: Baseline demographics between HV and pMS were comparable. Our first results demonstrate that (i) WS is obviously significantly higher in AFAP than in PrP both for pMS and HV (p < 0.001 for all comparisons) and (ii) the relative difference between AFAP and PrP WS is significantly higher in HV than in pMS (p < 0.001). The AFAP-PrP WS correlation is higher in pMS (r = 0.87, p < 0.001) than in HV (r = 0.51, p < 0.001). Finally, the relative difference between AFAP and PrP WS is significantly and negatively correlated with the PrP WS in HV (r = -0.41, p < 0.001) and pMS with mild to moderate disability (EDSS 0-3.5, r = -0.49, p < 0.01) but not in pMS with high disability (EDSS 4-5.5, r = 0.008). Conclusions : these results suggests that heatlhy subjects have access to a higher range of PrP WS than pMS and questions the regulation of PrP WS that might be under psychological or behavioural influences. The demonstration of a lower PrP-AFAP difference in MS suggests that pMS are either adopting a natural WS closer to their maximum WS, or alternatively that they can’t reach their maximum WS because of neurological impairments. Our results also emphasize the importance of the instructed mode of walk in the quantification of gait disorders both for routine clinical practice and clinical trials. [less ▲]

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See detailStudy of bacterial diversity in the topsoil and below the hardpan in an agricultural soil by metagenomics following by two analysis pipelines
Stroobants, Aurore ULg; Lambert, Christrophe; Degrune, Florine ULg et al

Poster (2013, June 10)

On earth, Bacteria are ubiquitous and even present in extreme environments (pH, temperature,…). In soils in particular, bacteria are very abundant (up to 109 cells per gram of soil) but still poorly ... [more ▼]

On earth, Bacteria are ubiquitous and even present in extreme environments (pH, temperature,…). In soils in particular, bacteria are very abundant (up to 109 cells per gram of soil) but still poorly characterized. Thus, it is of paramount importance to use relevant study and analysis procedures to ensure that the results obtained closely reflect the real-life conditions. In the present work, we analyze the bacterial diversity in the topsoil and below the hardpan in an agricultural soil using the metagenomics approach, with the Ion Torrent PGM sequencer. The soil samples was collected at three depths : 10 cm (topsoil), 25 cm (topsoil above the hardpan) and 45 cm (below the hardpan), in a tilled and a no tilled plot. The taxonomic analysis of the reads obtained are carried out according to two different procedures with the RDP classifier program and with a confidence score threshold of 0 and 0.99. The 0 threshold is used to assign a species to all reads, each read being therefore assigned to its most closest known species. The threshold of 0.99 enables us to focus on reads being assigned to a species with a high degree of confidence. In this case, each read is assigned to the most specific rank having a confidence score higher than 0.99. The bacterial diversity was then compared between the different conditions. Results obtained demonstrate that the bacterial communities were not the same in the two horizons. For example, some classes of Acidobacteria were up to 11 fold more numerous in topsoil while others was until 12 fold more represented below the hardpan. The biomass and the bacterial diversity (Shannon index) were also greatly different between the two depths. [less ▲]

See detailDe la perversion au pervers ; du sexuel à l’adaptatif
Englebert, Jérôme ULg

Scientific conference (2013, June 08)

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See detailProposition de nouveaux indices de détection de patrons de réponses inappropriés dans le contexte des enquêtes et des épreuves d’évaluation des apprentissages
Béland, Sébastien; Raîche, Gilles; Magis, David ULg

Conference (2013, June 07)

Il n’est pas rare de voir des étudiants répondre de façon inappropriée à une épreuve d’évaluation comportant des items à réponses choisies. Par exemple, certains individus peuvent tricher alors que ... [more ▼]

Il n’est pas rare de voir des étudiants répondre de façon inappropriée à une épreuve d’évaluation comportant des items à réponses choisies. Par exemple, certains individus peuvent tricher alors que d’autres peuvent tenter de se sous-classer intentionnellement à un examen. Plusieurs approches ont été développées pour faire la détection de ce type d’étudiants. À ce jour, l’approche la plus prometteuse est l’utilisation d’indice de détection de type person‐fit (Meijer et Sijtsma, 2001). L’indice de détection lz (Drasgow, Levine et Williams, 1985) est fort probablement le plus utilisé et le plus connu d’entre tous. Malheureusement, cet indice est fortement affecté par le fait que l’habileté des étudiants est estimée et non pas réelle ; ce qui peut biaiser son calcul (Molenaar et Hoijtink, 1990). Pour pallier ce problème, Snijders (2001) a proposé une correction qui permet de diminuer considérablement le biais associé à la moyenne et à la variance de l’indice lz. Dans le cadre de notre projet doctoral, nous nous inspirerons de la suggestion de Snijders (2001) pour corriger deux autres indices de détection de patrons de réponses inappropriés : l’infit mean square (u) et l’outfit mean square (w). À cette fin, nous utiliserons une approche monte carliste afin d’investiguer plus en détails l’erreur de type 1 et la puissance de ces autres indices. Nos résultats préliminaires, que nous présenterons lors de cette communication, montrent que ces autres indices corrigés semblent eux aussi plus efficaces que leur version traditionnelle sans correction. [less ▲]

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See detailIntervention à la Nuit Sartre - Les biographies existentielles
Cormann, Grégory ULg

Conference (2013, June 07)

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See detailProcédés et enjeux de l'écriture polémique dans le dossier épistolaire anti-adoptianiste du concile de Francfort (794)
Close, Florence ULg; Veyrard-Cosme, Christiane

Conference (2013, June 06)

Nous proposons une relecture à deux voix – historico-littéraire – des pièces du dossier épistolaire de Francfort attribué à Alcuin. Nous envisagerons les stratégies littéraires et oratoires mises en ... [more ▼]

Nous proposons une relecture à deux voix – historico-littéraire – des pièces du dossier épistolaire de Francfort attribué à Alcuin. Nous envisagerons les stratégies littéraires et oratoires mises en œuvres par Alcuin au nom des évêques francs, d’une part, et de Charlemagne, de l’autre, pour tenter de ramener l’épiscopat espagnol dans le giron romain. Nous tenterons d’affiner notre lecture des positions de chacun, perçues à travers le prisme des mots du diacre anglo-saxon. La confrontation de ces lettres synodales à celles qui ont été envoyées par les évêques espagnols, emmenés par l’archevêque Élipand de Tolède, devrait nous permettre de nourrir une réflexion sur le rôle, l’importance et la puissance stylistique du genre épistolaire, hérité de l’Antiquité, dans deux foyers importants de haute culture de l’époque – la péninsule ibérique et le monde insulaire – ainsi que sur l’impact de cette querelle épistolaire dans le processus de re-développement du genre dans le cadre de la renaissance carolingienne. [less ▲]

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See detailInnovative Methodology for the Definition of Design Spaces of Chromatographic Methods
Rozet, Eric ULg; Debrus, B; Lebrun, Pierre ULg et al

Conference (2013, June 06)

As defined by ICH [1] and FDA, Quality by Design (QbD) stands for “a systematic approach to development that begins with predefined objectives and emphasizes product and process understanding and process ... [more ▼]

As defined by ICH [1] and FDA, Quality by Design (QbD) stands for “a systematic approach to development that begins with predefined objectives and emphasizes product and process understanding and process control, based on sound science and quality risk management”. A risk–based QbD–compliant approach is proposed for the robust development of analytical methods. This methodology based on Design of Experiments (DoE) to study the experimental domain models the retention times at the beginning, the apex and the end of each peak corresponding to the compounds of a mixture and uses the separation criterion (S) rather than the resolution (RS) as a Critical Quality Attribute. Stepwise multiple linear regressions are used to create the models. The estimated error is propagated from the modelled responses to the separation criterion (S) using Monte Carlo simulations in order to estimate the predictive distribution of the separation criterion (S) over the whole experimental domain. This allows finding ranges of operating conditions that will guarantee a satisfactory quality of the method in its future use. These ranges define the Design Space (DS) of the method. In chromatographic terms, the chromatograms processed at operating conditions within the DS will assuredly show high quality, with well separated peaks and short run time, for instance. This Design Space can thus be defined as the subspace, necessarily encompassed in the experimental domain (i.e. the knowledge space), within which the probability for the criterion to be higher than an advisedly selected threshold is higher than a minimum quality level. Precisely, the DS is defined as “the multidimensional combination and interaction of input variables (e.g., material attributes) and process parameters that have been demonstrated to provide assurance of quality” [1]. Therefore, this DS defines a region of operating conditions that provide prediction of assurance of quality rather than only quality as obtained with traditional mean response surface optimisation strategies. For instance, in the liquid chromatography there is a great difference in e.g. predicting a resolution (RS) higher than 1.5 vs. predicting that the probability for RS to be higher than 1.5 (i.e. P(RS> 1.5)) is high. The presentation of this global methodology will be illustrated for the robust optimisation and DS definition of several liquid chromatographic methods dedicated to the separation of different mixtures: pharmaceutical formulations, API and impurities/degradation products, plant extracts, separation of enantiomers, … [less ▲]

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See detailMesurer le goût alimentare?
Vangeebergen, Thomas ULg

Scientific conference (2013, June 06)

See detailL'équilibre sagittal dans la pathologie rachidienne.
RACARU, Tudor ULg; MARTIN, Didier ULg

Scientific conference (2013, June 05)

Detailed reference viewed: 3 (0 ULg)
See detailBandgap Measurement by Spectroscopic Ellipsometry for Strained Ge1-xSnx
Shimura, Yosuke; Wang, Wei; Nieddu, Thomas ULg et al

Conference (2013, June 04)

Detailed reference viewed: 20 (0 ULg)
See detailElectrical Activity of Threading Dislocations and Defect Complexes in GeSn Epitaxial Layers
Gupta, Somya; Simoen, Eddy; Asano, Takanori et al

Conference (2013, June 04)

Detailed reference viewed: 18 (0 ULg)
See detailComposition and Thickness Dependence of GeSn Growth by Chemical Vapor Deposition
Wang, Wei; Shimura, Yosuke; Nieddu, Thomas ULg et al

Conference (2013, June 04)

Detailed reference viewed: 16 (0 ULg)