Policies and practice in the Belgium French Community with respect to computers in education

in Plomp, Tjeerd; Anderson, Ronald E.; Kontogiannopoulou-Polydorides, Georgia (Eds.) Cross national policies and practices on computers in education (1996)

The education authorities in the Belgium French Community have been cautious to avoid waste and wary of prematurely rushing the diffusion of the new information technologies. However, many initiatives ... [more ▼]

The education authorities in the Belgium French Community have been cautious to avoid waste and wary of prematurely rushing the diffusion of the new information technologies. However, many initiatives have been taken at local levels with recommendations and support from centralized levels. Three types of organizing authorities oversee the educational system of the French Community. The structure of the system and the more general developments in the educational uses of computers are described first. Policy and practices under the specific organizing authorities are then reviewed in turn. All discussion refers only to the period up until 1994. This report was prepared in 1994. Its realisation owes thanks to the participation of the Inspectors Cambier, Denis, Desir, Hannon, Huberty Mathot, Mossiat, Simon, and Verlove. [less ▲]

The Neoproterozoic Pan-African basement from the Alpine Lower Danubian nappe system (South Carpathians, Romania)

in Precambrian Research (1996), 80

The South Carpathians, which were thrust to the Moesian platform in the Alpine orogeny (Late Cretaceous to Tertiary), include the Danubian nappe system. The Danubian pre-Alpine basement comprises two ... [more ▼]

The South Carpathians, which were thrust to the Moesian platform in the Alpine orogeny (Late Cretaceous to Tertiary), include the Danubian nappe system. The Danubian pre-Alpine basement comprises two Variscan nappes, each one made up of partially retrogressed amphibolite facies rocks intruded by granitoids and capped by an Ordovician-Devonian volcano-sedimentary cover. No lithological correlation can be established between the pre-Ordovician basements of these two units. The metamorphic basement from the first Variscan nappe, the Drãgºan Group, is composed of banded amphibolites with some augen and aluminous gneisses intruded by granodioritic to tonalitic plutons. The banded structure of the amphibolites, together with their geochemistry, suggests a volcano-sedimentary sequence. Zircon U-Pb data on an intercalated augen gneiss have given an age of 777 ± 3 Ma for the emplacement of the protolith of this gneiss. Nd model ages (TDM) for the amphibolites range from 717 Ma to 817 Ma. At 777 Ma, Nd values cluster is at +8.3 to +9.8 and Sr initial ratios range between 0.7007 and 0.7023, indicating an oceanic origin without continental crust contamination. Major and trace elements from the Drãgºan amphibolites consistently display an island arc signature, with three differentiation trends evolving from an early tholeiitic trend to a more differentiated low-K calc-alkaline one. The Drãgºan terrane is similar to the Early Pan-African juvenile terranes of the Sahara. The basement of the second Variscan nappe, the Lainici-Pãiuº Group, is made up of metasedimentary rocks (mainly quartzites, marbles and graphitic mica gneisses) cut by early leucogranitic dykes, medium-K calc-alkaline and alkali-calcic (mainly granitic) plutons, and late medium-K porphyry diorite dykes. This magmatism can be bracketed between 588 Ma and 567 Ma (U-Pb zircon ages). The best preserved pluton (Tismana, 567 Ma old), displays a composite alkali-calcic (very high-K calc-alkaline) magmatic sequence, ranging from gabbro-diorite to monzogranite, including an ultramafic pod. Ages and geochemical signatures resemble the Saharan Late Pan-African granitoids. The existence of Late Precambrian partly juvenile terrains is thus confirmed within the basement of South Carpathians, which renders then a segment of the European Alpine belt that can be successfully compared to the Pan-African Trans-Saharan belt. [less ▲]

The Vacuum UV Photoabsorption Spectra of the three Dichloroethylene Isomers.

Book published by Berliner Elektronen Speicherring für Synchrotron Strahlung m.b.H (1996)

The vacuum UV photoabsorption spectra of the three isomers of dichloroethylene, as measured with synchrotron radiation, are reported.

The Threshold Photoelectron, CIS- and Photoabsorption Spectra of the Methyl Monohalides (Cl, Br, and I).

Book published by Berliner Elektronen Speicherring für Synchrotron Strahlung m.b.H (1996)

The threshold photoelectron, the CIS and the vacuum UV photoabsorption spectra of the Methyl halides CH3X (X=Cl,Br and I) were measured by using synchrotron radiation. Several physical magnitudes are ... [more ▼]

The threshold photoelectron, the CIS and the vacuum UV photoabsorption spectra of the Methyl halides CH3X (X=Cl,Br and I) were measured by using synchrotron radiation. Several physical magnitudes are reported. [less ▲]

The Appearance of CH3+ Ions from Methyl Halides by resonant photoionization. A translational energy surprisal analysis. Part I. CH3F.

in Chemical Physics (1996), 206

A surprisal analysis has been applied to the translational energy distribution (TED) of CH3++F from CH3F giving rise to a new and deeper insight into the dissociation dynamics involved in the process. For ... [more ▼]

A surprisal analysis has been applied to the translational energy distribution (TED) of CH3++F from CH3F giving rise to a new and deeper insight into the dissociation dynamics involved in the process. For both the 16.5 eV and 21.22 eV photon energies used, the direct population at different energy levels of the B2E state of CH3F+ which is radiationlessly coupled to the repulsive CH3F+(A2A1) state, gives rise to wide and negatively surprised total TEDs. At both energies they have to be ascribed to severe limitations in the vibrational excitation of CH3+. Additionally, in the case of 21.22 eV photons, a non-statistical expression has to be used to account for the density of translational states. At both photon energies, the population of the CH3F+ electronic states through autoionization of Rydberg states accounts for (i) the concurrent appearance of TEDs governed by a pure RRKM behavour and (ii) the positively surprised TEDs where the angular momentum conservation plays an important role. At 16.85 eV photon energy the distributions are assigned to CH3F+ (X2E)->CH3+ (X1A'1)+F. At 21.22 eV photon energy, doubly excited electronic states of CH3F+ are assumed to take part and they are correlated with CH3+ (3A")+F channel. [less ▲]

Liquid ilmenite or liquidus ilmenite: a comment on the nature of ilmenite vein deposits

in Demaiffe, Daniel (Ed.) Petrology and geochemistry of magmatic suites of rocks in the continental and oceanic crust (a volume dedicated to Professor Jean Michot) (1996)

The interstitial character of ilmenite in common gabbroidic rocks has led to the idea that the last drop of liquid to crytallize in a rock could be pure ilmenite. When injected into enclosing rocks this ... [more ▼]

The interstitial character of ilmenite in common gabbroidic rocks has led to the idea that the last drop of liquid to crytallize in a rock could be pure ilmenite. When injected into enclosing rocks this liquid could give rise to ilmenite-pure veins. Fractional crystallization or immiscibility cannot produce a pure ilmenite melt. Actually, ilmenite is a liquidus mineral, which is the first or among the first mafic minerals to crystallize in Fe-Ti rich magmas. This is clearly shown by the sequence of crystallization in the Bjerkreim-Sokndal layered intrusion, by quantitative modelling of the liquid line of descent of jotunitic (hypersthene monzodioritic) magmas, and by experimental work. The interstitial character of ilmenite is therefore acquired subsolidus. Deformation can enhance the process. The synemplacement deformation linked to the diapiric uprise of anorthosite massifs is a suitable environment for the formation of layers of Cr- and Mg-rich ilmenite and their subsequent deformation and mobilization in discordant veins of pure ilmenite. [less ▲]

Phénologie et domaine vital de la salamandre terrestre Salamandra salamandra terrestris (Amphibia, Caudata) dans un bois du Pays de Herve (Belgique)

in Cahiers d'Ethologie (1996), 16

The aim of this study was to approach some aspects of the life-history of the fire salamander Salamandra s. terrestris in a small wood of the Vesdre Valley (Liege Province, Belgium). In 1996, 189 ... [more ▼]

The aim of this study was to approach some aspects of the life-history of the fire salamander Salamandra s. terrestris in a small wood of the Vesdre Valley (Liege Province, Belgium). In 1996, 189 salamanders were marked and 68 recaptured. Their cartographic position and the meteorological conditions were noted. Salamanders were active from March to October, mated from May to August and females gave birth to larvae in March-April. Only a small part of the population was active at the same moment. Salamanders were generally faithful to a home range, in spite of some erratic individuals, and are apparently non-territorial. They moved principally along a path. The population is important but strongly threatened by the perturbation of its environment: stream drying, clearing and forest fire. [less ▲]

Defective iron supply for erythropoiesis and adequate endogenous erythropoietin production in the anemia associated with systemic-onset juvenile chronic arthritis.

in Blood (1996), 87(11), 4824-30

Systemic-onset juvenile chronic arthritis (SoJCA) is associated with high levels of circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6) and is frequently complicated by severe microcytic anemia whose pathogenesis is unclear ... [more ▼]

Systemic-onset juvenile chronic arthritis (SoJCA) is associated with high levels of circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6) and is frequently complicated by severe microcytic anemia whose pathogenesis is unclear. Therefore, we studied 20 consecutive SoJCA patients with hemoglobin (Hb) levels <12 g/dL, evaluating erythroid progenitor proliferation, endogenous erythropoietin production, body iron status, and iron supply for erythropoiesis. Hb concentrations ranged from 6.5 to 11.9 g/dL. Hb level was directly related to mean corpuscular volume (r = .82, P < .001) and inversely related to circulating transferrin receptor (r = -.81, P < .001) suggesting that the severity of anemia was directly proportional to the degree of iron-deficient erythropoiesis. Serum ferritin ranged from 18 to 1,660 microgram/L and was unrelated to Hb level. Bone marrow iron stores wore markedly reduced in the three children investigated, and they also showed increased serum transferrin receptor and normal-to-high serum ferritin. All 20 patients had elevated IL-6 levels and normal in vitro growth of erythroid progenitors. Endogenous erythropoietin (epo) production was appropriate for the degree of anemia as judged by both the observed to predicted log (serum epo) ratio 10.95 +/- 0.12) and a comparison of the serum epo-Hb regression found in these subjects with that of thalassemia patients. Multiple regression analysis showed that serum transferrin receptor was the parameter most closely related to hemoglobin concentration: variation in circulating transferrin receptor explained 61% of the variation in Hb level (P < .001). In 10 severely anemic patients, amelioration of anemia following intravenous iron administration resulted in normalization of serum transferrin receptor. Defective iron supply to the erythron rather than blunted epo production is the major cause of the microcytic anemia associated with SoJCA. A true body-iron deficiency caused by decreased iron absorption likely complicates long-lasting inflammation in the most anemic children, and this can be recognized by high serum transferrin receptor levels. Although oral iron is of no benefit, intravenous iron saccharate is a safe and effective means for improving iron availability for erythropoiesis and correcting this anemia. Thus, while chronically high endogenous IL-6 levels do not appear to blunt epo production, they are probably responsible for the observed abnormalities in iron metabolism. Anemia of chronic disease encompasses a variety of anemic conditions whose peculiar features may specifically correlate with the type of cytokine(s) predominantly released. [less ▲]

Misdiagnosed malignancy in transplanted organs

in Touraine, J. L.; Traeger, J.; Bétuel, H. (Eds.) et al Cancer in Transplantation: Prevention and Treatment (1996)

Tabac et maladie parodontale

in Actualités Dentaires de l'Université de Liège (1996), 19

Le tabac est un facteur aggravant la parodontite. Beaucoup d'études cliniques ont été menées et ont souvent montré des résultats contradictoires. Cet article est une revue de littérature sur la relation ... [more ▼]

Le tabac est un facteur aggravant la parodontite. Beaucoup d'études cliniques ont été menées et ont souvent montré des résultats contradictoires. Cet article est une revue de littérature sur la relation entre le tabagisme et la parodontite. [less ▲]