[en] The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of three resuscitation procedures on respiratory and metabolic adaptation to extra-uterine life during the first 24 h after birth in healthy newborn calves. Twenty-four newborn calves were randomly grouped into four categories: six calves did not receive any specific resuscitation procedure and were considered as controls (C); six received pharyngeal and nasal suctioning immediately after birth by use of a hand-powered vacuum pump (SUC); six received five litres of cold water poured over their heads immediately after birth (CW) and six were housed in a calf pen with an infrared radiant heater for 24 h after birth (IR). Calves were examined at birth, 5, 15, 30, 45 and 60 min, 2, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h after birth and the following measurements were recorded: physical and clinical examination, arterial blood gas analysis, pulmonary function tests using the oesophageal balloon catheter technique, arterial and venous blood acid-base balance analysis, jugular venous blood sampling for determination of metabolic, haematological and passive immune transfer variables. SUC was accompanied by improved pulmonary function efficiency and by a less pronounced decrease in body temperature. The "head shaking movement" and the subsequent temporary increase in total pulmonary resistance as well as the greater lactic acidosis due to CW were accompanied by more efficient, but statistically non-significant, pulmonary gas exchanges. IR allowed maintenance of higher body temperature without requiring increased catabolism of energetic stores. IR also caused a change in breathing pattern which contributed to better distribution of the ventilation and to slightly improved gas exchange. The results indicate that use of SUC, CW and IR modified respiratory and metabolic adaptation during the first 24 h after birth without side-effects. These resuscitation procedures should be recommended for their specific indication, i.e. cleansing of fetal fluid from upper airways, hypothermal stimulation of breathing and prevention of heat losses.
Research center :
Laboratoire d'Investigation fonctionnelle, service de Physiologie
Disciplines :
Anatomy (cytology, histology, embryology...) & physiology Veterinary medicine & animal health
Author, co-author :
Uystepruyst, Christophe
Coghe, Joost
Dorts, Thierry
Harmegnies, Natacha
Delsemme, Marie-Hélène
Art, Tatiana ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de sciences fonctionnelles > Phys. neuro-muscul., de l'effort - Méd. sport. des animaux
Lekeux, Pierre ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de sciences fonctionnelles > Physiologie
Language :
English
Title :
Effect of three resuscitation procedures on respiratory and metabolic adaptation to extra uterine life in newborn calves
Adams R. Holland M. D. Aldridge B. Garry F. B. Odde K. G. Arterial blood sample collection from the newborn calf Veterinary Research Communications 15 1991 387-394
Adams R. Garry F. B. Aldridge B. M. Holland M. D. Odde K. G. Hematologic values in newborn beef calves American Journal of Veterinary Research 53 1992 944-950
Akaike, H.. Information theory and an extension of the maximum likelihood principle. In: Second International Symposium of Inference Theory, ed. B. N. Petrov & F. Csàki, pp. 267-81, Budapest, Akadémiai Kiadó.
Alexander G. Williams D. Summit metabolism and cardiovascular function in young lambs during hyperoxia and hypoxia Journal of Physiology (London) 208 1970 85-97
Anttonen, H. & Niskanen, J. 1995 Prevention of the adverse health effects of cold by using infrared heaters. Arctic Medical Research 54 (Suppl. ), 55-9.
Azzam S. M. Kinder J. E. Nielsen M. K. Werth L. A. Gregory K. E. Cundiff L. V. Koch R. M. . Environmental effect on neonatal mortality of beef calves Journal of Animal Sciences 71 1993 282-290
Bassett J. M. Alexander G. Insulin, growth hormone and corticosteroids in neonatal lambs. Normal concentrations and the effects of cold Biology of the Neonate 17 1971 112-125
Baumgart S. Radiant energy and insensible water loss in the premature newborn infant nursed under a radiant warmer Clinics in Perinatology 9 1982 483-503
Baumgart S. Radiant heat loss versus radiant heat gain in premature neonates under radiant warmers Biology of the Neonate 57 1990 10-20
Bell A. W. Thompson G. E. Free fatty acid oxidation in bovine muscle in vivo: effects of cold exposure and feeding American Journal of Physiology 237 1979 E309-E15
Bell E. F. Infant incubators and radiant warmers Early Human Development 8 1983 351-357
Bellows R. A. Patterson D. J. Burfening P. J. Phelps D. A. Occurrence of neonatal and postnatal mortality in range beef cattle. II. Factors contributing to calf death Theriogenology 28 1987 573-586
Berger P. J. Smolich J. J. Ramsden C. A. Walker A. M. Effect of lung liquid volume on respiratory performance after caesarean delivery in the lamb Journal of Physiology (London) 492 1996 905-912
Berk J. L. Lenner K. A. McFadden E. R.J. Jr Cold-induced bronchoconstriction: role of cutaneous reflexes vs. direct airway effects Journal of Applied Physiology 63 1987 659-664
Berry L. M. Ikegami M. Woods E. Ervin M. G. Postnatal renal adaptation in preterm and term lambs Reproduction, Fertility, and Development 7 1995 491-498
Carstens G. E. Cold thermoregulation in the newborn calf Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 10 1994 69-106
Coghe J. Uystepruyst C.h Bureau F. Detilleux J. Art T. Lekeux P. Validation and prognostic value of plasma lactate measurement in bovine respiratory disease The Veterinary Journal 160 2000 139-146
Collery P. Bradley J. Fagan J. Jones P. Redehan E. Weavers E. Causes of perinatal calf mortality in the Republic of Ireland Irish Veterinary Journal 49 1996 491-496
Comline R. S. Silver M. Development of activity in the adrenal medulla of the foetus and new-born animal British Medical Bulletin 22 1966 16-20
Crosse S. Soede N. The incidence of dystocia and perinatal mortality on commercial dairy farms in the South of Ireland Irish Veterinary Journal 42 1998 8-12
Cusson R. M. Madonia J. A. Taekman J. B. The effect of environment on body site temperatures in full-term neonates Nursing Research 46 1997 202-207
De Kruif A. Benedictus G. Perinatal mortality and the birth of weak calves Tijdschrift voor Diergeneeskunde 118 1993 684-688
Dechamps P. Nicks B. Exigences climatiques et modes de logement des veaux d'élevage Annales de Médecine Vétérinaire 128 1984 597-614
Dunn J. M. Miller J. A. Hypothermia combined with positive pressure ventilation in resuscitation of the asphyxiated neonate American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 104 1969 58-67
Esslemont R. J. Kossaibati M. A. Incidence of production diseases and other health problems in a group of dairy herds in England The Veterinary Record 139 1996 486-490
Fisher E. W. Arterial puncture in cattle The Veterinary Record 68 1956 691-692
Fisher J. T. Mortola J. P. Smith J. B. Fox G. S. Weeks S. Respiration in newborns: development of the control of breathing American Review of Respiratory Diseases 125 1982 650-657
Fisher J. T. Mortola J. P. Smith J. B. Fox G. S. Weeks S. Neonatal pattern of breathing following cesarean section: epidural versus general anesthesia Anesthesiology 59 1983 385-389
Gluckman P. D. Gunn T. R. Johnston B. M. The effect of cooling on breathing and shivering in unanaesthetized fetal lambs in utero Journal of Physiology (London) 343 1983 495-506
Hinshaw, H. C. &, Murray, J. F, 1980 Diseases of the Chest, pp, 104, Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company.
Johnston N. E. Stewart J. A. The effect of glucocorticoids and prematurity on absorption of colostral immunoglobulin in the calf Australian Veterinary Journal 63 1986 191-192
Jones C. T. The development of some metabolic responses to hypoxia in the foetal sheep Journal of Physiology (London) 265 1977 743-762
Jones, R. H, 1993 Longitudinal Data Analysis with Serial Correlation: A State-space Approach, London, Chapman and Hall.
Kasari T. R. Physiologic mechanisms of adaptation in the fetal calf at birth Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 10 1994 127-136
Kelman G. R. Nunn J. F. Nomograms for correction of blood PO2, CO2, pH and base excess for time and temperature Journal of Applied Physiology 21 1966 1484-1490
Koch, G, Lung Function and Acid-Base Balance in the Newborn Infant, University of Umea, Sweden.
Larson, B. L. 1996 Diagnosing the cause of bovine abortions and other perinatal deaths. Veterinary Medicine, 478-86.
Lekeux P. Hajer R. Breukink H. J. Pulmonary function testing in calves:technical data American Journal of Veterinary Research 45 1984a 342-345
Lekeux P. Hajer R. Breukink H. J. Intrathoracic pressure measurement in cattle: standardized procedure Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine 48 1984b 420-421
Lekeux, P. & Art, T. 1993 Mechanics of breathing in resting and exercising animals. In Pulmonary Function in Healthy, Exercising and Diseased Animals, ed. P. Lekeux, pp. 67-91. Gand, V. D. T. Publications.
Levraut J. Ciebiera J.-P. Chave S. Rabary O. Jambou P. Carles M. Grimaud D. Mild hyperlactatemia in stable septic patients is due to impaired lactate clearance rather than overpopulation American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine 157 1998 1021-1026
Libert J. P. Bach V. Farges G. Neutral temperature range in incubators: performance of equipment in current use and new developments Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering 25 1997 287-370
Massip A. Wouters-Ballman P. Beckers J.-F. Ectors F. Evolution du taux de cortisol plasmatique chez le veau de la naissance à I'âge de 14 jours Comptes-Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences Paris Série D 285 1977 563-565
McClure, J. J., Parish, S. M. & Hines, M. T. 1996 Immunologic disorders. In Large Animal Internal Medicine: Diseases of Horses, Cattle, Sheep, and Goats, ed. B. P. Smith, 2nd edn, pp. 1844-73. St Louis, USA, Mosby-Year Book Inc.
Mee J. F. Calf mortality. Good supervision can reduce losses Farm Food Research 18 1987 10-12
Mee J. F. Resuscitation of newborn calves - materials and methods Cattle Practice 2 1994 197-210
Mee J. F. Stillbirths - What can you do? Cattle Practice 7 1999 277-281
Mellor D. J. Integration of perinatal events, pathophysiological changes and consequences for the newborn lamb British Veterinary Journal 144 1988 552-569
Menzies F. D. Bryson D. G. McCallion T. Matthews D. I. Mortality in cattle up to two years old in Northern Ireland during 1992 The Veterinary Record 138 1996 618-622
Mortola J. P. Body size - respiratory function - disease. Some functional mechanical implications of the structural design of the respiratory system in newborn mammals American Review of Respiratory Disease 128 1983 S69-72
Olson D. P. South P. J. Hendrix K. Regional differences in body temperature in hypothermic and rewarmed young calves American Journal of Veterinary Research 44 1983 564-571
Padbury J. F. Agata Y. Ludlow J. Ikegami M. Baylen B. Humme J. Effect of fetal adrenalectomy on catecholamine release and physiologic adaptation at birth in sheep Journal of Clinical Investigation 80 1987 1096-1103
Parker A. Downs J. Chest physiotherapy in neonatal ITU Paediatric Nursing 3 1991 319-321
Parker, A. 1996 Physiotherapy. In Neonatal Respiratory Disorders, eds A. Greenough, A. D. Milner & N. R.C. Roberton, pp. 164-73. London, Arnold
Patterson D. J. Bellows R. A. Burfening P. J. Carr J. B. Occurrence of neonatal and postnatal mortality in range beef cattle. I. Calf loss incidence from birth to weaning, backward and breech presentations and effects of calf loss on subsequent pregnancy rate of dams Theriogenology 28 1987 557-571
Pickens D. L. Schefft G. Thach B. T. Prolonged apnea associated with upper airway protective reflexes in apnea of prematurity American Review of Respiratory Disease 137 1988 113-118
Prendiville A. Thomson A. Silverman M. Effect of tracheobronchial suction on respiratory resistance in intubated preterm babies Archives of Disease in Childhood 61 1986 1178-1183
Randall G. C.B. Perinatal mortality: some problems of adaptation at birth Advances in Veterinary Science and Comparative Medicine 22 1978 53-81
Randall G. C.B. Perinatal adaptation in animals Animals Reproduction Science 28 1992 309-318
Rawson R. E. Dziuk H. E. Good A. L. Anderson J. F. Bates D. W. Ruth G. R. Thermal insulation of young calves exposed to cold Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research 53 1989 275-278
Robinson, N. E. 1997 Thermoregulation. In Textbook of Veterinary Physiology, 2nd edn, ed. J. G. Cunningham, pp. 634-45. Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company.
Roeder B. L. Schaalje G. B. Kelly E. J. Clark F. D. A rapid method for determination of blood glucose concentration in cattle Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 208 1996 707-710
Rollin, F, 1999 Troubles et Management du Nouveau-né chez les Ruminants. Service de Médecine Interne des Grands Animaux, Département des Sciences Cliniques des Grands Animaux, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Liège, Belgique.
Rossdale P. D. Advances in equine perinatology (1956-1996): a tribute Equine Veterinary Education 9 1997 273-277
Schuijt G. Iatrogenic fratures of ribs and vertebrae during delivery in perinatally dying calves: 235 cases (1978-1988) Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 197 1990 1196-1201
Schuijt G. Taverne M. A.M. The interval between birth and sternal recumbency as an objective measure of the vitality of newborn calves The Veterinary Record 135 1994 111-115
Seri, I. 1998 Regulation of acid-base balance in the fetus and neonate. In Fetal and Neonatal Physiology, 2nd edn, volume 2, ed. R. A. Polin & W. W. Fox, pp. 1726-30. Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company.
Skowronski M. E. Ciufo R. Nelson J. A. McFadden E. R.J. Jr Effects of skin cooling on airway reactivity in asthma Clinical Science (London) 94 1998 525-529
Stayer S. A. Steven J. M. Nicolson S. C. Jobes D. R. Stanley C. Baumgart S. The metabolic effects of surface cooling neonates prior to cardiac surgery Anesthesia and Analgesia 79 1994 834-839
Szenci O. Role of acid-base disturbances in perinatal mortality of calves Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 33 1985 205-220
Tashkin D.P. Goldstein P. J. Simmons D. H. Hepatic lactate uptake during decreased liver perfusion and hypoxemia American Journal of Physiology 223 1972 968-974
Tedesco, D., Pedron, O., Colombo, M., Castellanelli, A. & Crotti, A. 1994 Relationship between herd management and calf mortality in dairy cows. Proceedings of the XVIIIth World Buiatrics Congress, Bologna, Italy, 2, pp. 995-8.
Thompson G. E. Bell A. W. Heat production in the newborn ox during noradrenaline infusion Biology of the Neonate 28 1976 375-381
Toombs R. E. Wikse S. E. Kasari T. R. The incidence, causes, and financial impact of perinatal mortality in north american beef herds Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 10 1994 137-146
Uystepruyst Jr. Ch Reinhold P. Coghe J. Bureau F. Lekeux P. Mechanics of the respiratory system in healthy newborn calves using impulse oscillometry Research in Veterinary Science 68 2000 47-55
Varga J. Szenci O. Dufrasne I. Börzsönyi L. Lekeux P. Respiratory mechanical function in newborn calves immediately postpartum British Veterinary Journal 156 1998 73-76
Vermorel M. Vernet J. Dardillat C. Saido D.emigne, C Davicco M.-J. Energy metabolism and thermoregulation in the newborn calf; effects of calving conditions Canadian Journal of Animal Science 69 1989 113-122
Webster, A. J.F. 1974 Physiological effects of cold exposure. In Environmental Physiology, ed. D. Robertshaw, Volume 7, pp. 33-69. Baltimore, University Park Press.
White K. R. Anderson D. M. Bate L. A. Increasing piglet survival through an improved farrowing management protocol Canadian Journal of Animal Science 76 1996 491-495
Wikse S. E. Kinsel M. L. Field R. W. Holland P. S. Investigating perinatal calf mortality in beef herds Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 10 1994 147-166
Wittum T. E. Salman M. D. King M. E. Mortimer R. G. Odde K. G. Morris D. L. Individual animal and maternal risk factors for morbidity and mortality of neonatal beef calves in Colorado, USA Preventive Veterinary Medicine 19 1994 1-13