Abstract :
[en] Classical criminology was mostly developed in the field of local penal law. Thus, protective and repressive measures taking part in these judicial systems are often limited to local aims. In this criminology, the State is protective, the care for victims is institutionalized. Moreover, the relation between criminology and penal qualification of the act against the victim as a crime is essential to access the status of victim. This entails an epistemological presupposition in victimology, science considered as a specialized field of criminology. Indeed, this presupposition makes the victim of serious violations of penal Law the prototype of victims of serious offenses. Furthermore, crime is not only a matter of individuals but also of structural possibilities, as is the case in criminal organizations. In the subject matter of organized criminality, the sides taking in concern in classical criminology are mostly related to economical delinquency. State or governmental army criminality is rarely explored by researchers. Previously, these topics seemed to be unreachable, but the nature of the recent armed conflicts, and the present evolution of International penal Law, entailed to the visibility of massive atrocities during wars. Today, criminology must face new fields of involvement, larger than these investigated in classical criminology. Presently, an international criminology is emerging, which is different and liberated from classical criminology. In this international criminology, a special kind of criminality is studied, due to its massiveness, its extent and is systematic nature. In addition, a strong war victimology is emerging as well, victimology tends thus to be an autonomous discipline. The challenge is now to turn crisis criminology and victimology into a strong scientific discipline.
