Bond, I. A.[Microlensing Observations in Astrophysics (MOA) ; Institute of Information and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 102-904, North Shore Mail Centre, Auckland, New Zealand ;]
Greenhill, J.[Probing Lensing Anomalies NETwork (PLANET) ; University of Tasmania, School of Mathematics and Physics, Private Bag 37, GPO Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia ;]
Street, R. A.[Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope network, 6740 Cortona Drive, suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117, USA ; Department of Physics, Broida Hall, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USA ; RoboNet. ;]
Dominik, M.[Probing Lensing Anomalies NETwork (PLANET) ; Microlensing Network for the Detection of Small Terrestrial Exoplanets (MiNDSTEp) ; SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK ; RoboNet. ; Royal Society University Research Fellow. ;]
Sumi, T.[Microlensing Observations in Astrophysics (MOA) ; Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan ;]
Szymański, M. K.[Optical Gravitational Lens Experiment (OGLE) ; Warsaw University Observatory, Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland ;]
Han, C.[Microlensing Follow Up Network (μFUN) ; Department of Physics, Institute for Basic Science Research, Chungbuk National University, Chongju 361-763, Korea ;]
Allen, W.[Vintage Lane Observatory, Blenheim, New Zealand]
Bos, M.[Molehill Astronomical Observatory, Auckland, New Zealand]
Christie, G. W.[Auckland Observatory, Auckland, New Zealand]
DePoy, D. L.[Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA]
Drummond, J.[Possum Observatory, Patutahi, New Zealand]
Eastman, J. D.[Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 W. 18th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA]
Gal-Yam, A.[Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel]
Higgins, D.[Hunters Hill Observatory, Canberra, Australia]
Janczak, J.[Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 W. 18th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA]
Kaspi, S.[School of Physics and Astronomy and Wise Observatory, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel ; Department of Physics, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel ;]
Kozłowski, S.[Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 W. 18th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA]
Lee, C*-U[Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejon 305-348, Korea]
Mallia, F.[Campo Catino Austral Observatory, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile]
Maury, A.[Campo Catino Austral Observatory, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile]
Maoz, D.[School of Physics and Astronomy and Wise Observatory, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel]
McCormick, J.[Farm Cove Observatory, Centre for Backyard Astrophysics, Pakuranga, Auckland, New Zealand]
Monard, L. A. G.[Bronberg Observatory, Centre for Backyard Astrophysics, Pretoria, South Africa]
Moorhouse, D.[Kumeu Observatory, Kumeu, New Zealand]
Morgan, N.[Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 W. 18th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA]
Natusch, T.[AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand]
Ofek, E. O.[Palomar Observatory, CA, USA ; Einstein Fellow.;]
Park, B*-G[Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejon 305-348, Korea]
Pogge, R. W.[Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 W. 18th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA]
Polishook, D.[School of Physics and Astronomy and Wise Observatory, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel]
Santallo, R.[Southern Stars Observatory, Faaa, Tahiti, French Polynesia]
Shporer, A.[School of Physics and Astronomy and Wise Observatory, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel]
Spector, O.[School of Physics and Astronomy and Wise Observatory, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel]
Thornley, G.[Kumeu Observatory, Kumeu, New Zealand]
Yee, J. C.[Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 W. 18th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA]
μFUN, Collaboration[Warsaw University Observatory, Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland]
Kubiak, M.[Warsaw University Observatory, Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland ; Departamento de Fisica, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile ;]
Pietrzyński, G.[Warsaw University Observatory, Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland]
Soszyński, I.[Departamento de Fisica, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile]
Szewczyk, O.[Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, CB3 0HA Cambridge, UK]
Wyrzykowski, Ł[Warsaw University Observatory, Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland]
Ulaczyk, K.[Warsaw University Observatory, Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland]
Poleski, R.[Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan]
OGLE, Collaboration[Probing Lensing Anomalies NETwork (PLANET) ; Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5670, USA ;]
Abe, F.[Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand]
Bennett, D. P.[Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand]
Botzler, C. S.[Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand]
Douchin, D.[Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan]
Freeman, M.[Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan]
Fukui, A.[Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8020, New Zealand]
Furusawa, K.[Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan]
Hearnshaw, J. B.[Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan]
Hosaka, S.[Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan]
Itow, Y.[Mt. John Observatory, P.O. Box 56, Lake Tekapo 8780, New Zealand]
Kamiya, K.[School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand]
Kilmartin, P. M.[Institute of Information and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 102-904, North Shore Mail Centre, Auckland, New Zealand]
Korpela, A.[Institute of Information and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 102-904, North Shore Mail Centre, Auckland, New Zealand]
Lin, W.[Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan]
Ling, C. H.[Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan]
Makita, S.[Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan]
Masuda, K.[Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan]
Miyake, N.[Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan]
Muraki, Y.[Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan]
Nagaya, M.[Nagano National College of Technology, Nagano 381-8550, Japan]
Nishimoto, K.[Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan]
Ohnishi, K.[Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand]
Okumura, T.[Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand]
Perrott, Y. C.[Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand ; RoboNet. ;]
Philpott, L.[Tokyo Metropolitan College of Industrial Technology, Tokyo 116-8523, Japan]
Rattenbury, N.[Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan]
Saito, To[School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand]
Sako, T.[Institute of Information and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 102-904, North Shore Mail Centre, Auckland, New Zealand]
Sullivan, D. J.[Mt. John Observatory, P.O. Box 56, Lake Tekapo 8780, New Zealand]
Sweatman, W. L.[Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand]
Tristram, P. J.[Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand]
von Seggern, E.[Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8020, New Zealand]
Yock, P. C. M.[Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS UMR7095, 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France]
MOA, Collaboration[Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS UMR7095, 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France]
Albrow, M.[European Southern Observatory, Casilla 19001, Santiago 19, Chile]
Batista, V.[McDonald Observatory, 16120 St Hwy Spur 78 #2, Fort Davis, TX 79734, USA]
Beaulieu, J. P.[Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa]
Brillant, S.[Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS UMR7095, 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France]
Caldwell, J.[University of Tasmania, School of Mathematics and Physics, Private Bag 37, GPO Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia]
Calitz, J. J.[Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551-0808, USA]
Cole, A.[Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS UMR7095, 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France]
Cook, K.[Department of Physics, University of Rijeka, Omladinska 14, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia]
Coutures, C.[Technische Universitaet Wien, Wieder Hauptst. 8-10, A-1040 Wienna, Austria]
Dieters, S.[LATT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, France]
Dominis Prester, D.[University of Tasmania, School of Mathematics and Physics, Private Bag 37, GPO Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia]
Donatowicz, J.[Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa]
Hill, K.[NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, Caltech, MS 100-22, 770 south Wilson Avenue, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA]
Hoffman, M.[SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK ; RoboNet.]
Jablonski, F.[European Southern Observatory, Casilla 19001, Santiago 19, Chile]
Kane, S. R.[Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS UMR7095, 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France]
Kains, N.[Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège - CHU > > Service d'Informations médico économiques (SIME) - Service facturation >]
Kubas, D.[Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil]
Marquette, J*-B[Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa]
Martioli, E.[SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK]
Meintjes, P.[Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8020, New Zealand]
Menzies, J.[Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA]
Pedretti, E.[Niels Bohr Institutet, Københavns Universitet, Juliane Maries Vej 30, 2100 København Ø, Denmark]
Pollard, K.[Microlensing Network for the Detection of Small Terrestrial Exoplanets (MiNDSTEp) ; Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg (ZAH), Mönchhofstr. 12-14, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany]
Sahu, K. C.[University of Tasmania, School of Mathematics and Physics, Private Bag 37, GPO Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia]
Wambsganss, J.[Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg (ZAH), Mönchhofstr. 12-14, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany ; Institute of Astronomy, University of Zielona Góra, Lubuska st. 2, 66-265 Zielona Góra, Poland]
Watson, R.[School of Physics, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK]
Williams, A.[Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool CH41 1LD, UK]
Zub, M.[Probing Lensing Anomalies NETwork (PLANET) ; European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 2, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany]
PLANET, Collaboration[Microlensing Network for the Detection of Small Terrestrial Exoplanets (MiNDSTEp) ; Deutsches SOFIA Institut, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany ; SOFIA Science Center, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop N211-3, Moffett Field CA 94035, USA]
Allan, A.[Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool CH41 1LD, UK]
Bode, M. F.[Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool CH41 1LD, UK]
Bramich, D. M.[Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope network, 6740 Cortona Drive, suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117, USA]
Burgdorf, M. J.[Probing Lensing Anomalies NETwork (PLANET) ; SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK]
Clay, N.[Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK]
Fraser, S.[Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope network, 6740 Cortona Drive, suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117, USA]
Hawkins, E.[Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool CH41 1LD, UK]
Horne, K.[Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope network, 6740 Cortona Drive, suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117, USA ; School of Physics, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK]
Kerins, E.[Microlensing Network for the Detection of Small Terrestrial Exoplanets (MiNDSTEp) ; European Southern Observatory, Casilla 19001, Santiago 19, Chile ; Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Max-Planck-Str. 2, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany]
Lister, T. A.[Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool CH41 1LD, UK]
Mottram, C.[Probing Lensing Anomalies NETwork (PLANET) ; Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope network, 6740 Cortona Drive, suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117, USA ; Astronomy Unit, School of Mathematical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK]
Saunders, E. S.[Probing Lensing Anomalies NETwork (PLANET) ; Niels Bohr Institutet, Københavns Universitet, Juliane Maries Vej 30, 2100 København Ø, Denmark ; Centre for Star and Planet Formation, Københavns Universitet, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 København Ø, Denmark]
Snodgrass, C.[Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg (ZAH), Mönchhofstr. 12-14, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany ; Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile]
Steele, I. A.[Università degli Studi di Salerno, Dipartimento di Fisica "E. R. Caianiello," Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84085 Fisciano (SA), Italy ; INFN, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Sezione di Napoli, Italy ; Istituto Internazionale per gli Alti Studi Scientifici (IIASS), Via G. Pellegrino 19, 84019 Vietri sul Mare (SA), Italy]
Tsapras, Y.[Università degli Studi di Salerno, Dipartimento di Fisica "E. R. Caianiello," Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84085 Fisciano (SA), Italy ; INFN, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Sezione di Napoli, Italy ; Istituto Internazionale per gli Alti Studi Scientifici (IIASS), Via G. Pellegrino 19, 84019 Vietri sul Mare (SA), Italy]
RoboNet, Collaboration[Niels Bohr Institutet, Københavns Universitet, Juliane Maries Vej 30, 2100 København Ø, Denmark]
Jørgensen, U. G.[Niels Bohr Institutet, Københavns Universitet, Juliane Maries Vej 30, 2100 København Ø, Denmark ; Armagh Observatory, College Hill, Armagh, BT61 9DG, UK]
Anguita, T.[Institut für Astrophysik, Georg-August-Universität, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany]
Bozza, V.[Niels Bohr Institutet, Københavns Universitet, Juliane Maries Vej 30, 2100 København Ø, Denmark]
Calchi Novati, S.[SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK ; Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg (ZAH), Mönchhofstr. 12-14, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany]
Harpsøe, K.[Università degli Studi di Salerno, Dipartimento di Fisica "E. R. Caianiello," Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84085 Fisciano (SA), Italy ; INFN, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Sezione di Napoli, Italy ; Istituto Internazionale per gli Alti Studi Scientifici (IIASS), Via G. Pellegrino 19, 84019 Vietri sul Mare (SA), Italy ; Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università del Sannio, Corso Garibaldi 107, 82100 Benevento, Italy]
Hinse, T. C.[Bellatrix Astronomical Observatory, Via Madonna de Loco 47, 03023 Ceccano (FR), Italy]
Hundertmark, M.[Niels Bohr Institutet, Københavns Universitet, Juliane Maries Vej 30, 2100 København Ø, Denmark]
Kjærgaard, P.[Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-9161, Tehran, Iran]
Liebig, C.[Université de Liège - ULg > Département d'astrophys., géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Astroph. extragalactique et observations spatiales (AEOS) >]
Mancini, L.[Università degli Studi di Salerno, Dipartimento di Fisica "E. R. Caianiello," Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84085 Fisciano (SA), Italy ; INFN, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Sezione di Napoli, Italy ; Istituto Internazionale per gli Alti Studi Scientifici (IIASS), Via G. Pellegrino 19, 84019 Vietri sul Mare (SA), Italy]
Masi, G.[Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK]
Mathiasen, M.[Université de Liège - ULg > Département d'astrophys., géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Astroph. extragalactique et observations spatiales (AEOS) >]
Rahvar, S.[Niels Bohr Institutet, Københavns Universitet, Juliane Maries Vej 30, 2100 København Ø, Denmark ; INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, 23806 Merate (LC), Italy]
[en] gravitational lensing: micro ; planetary systems
[en] We present the first measurement of the planet frequency beyond the "snow line," for the planet-to-star mass-ratio interval –4.5 < log q < –2, corresponding to the range of ice giants to gas giants. We find \endgraf\vbox{\begin{center}$\displaystyle{d^2 N{_{\rm pl}}\over d\log q\, d\log s} = (0.36\pm 0.15)\;{\rm dex}^{-2}$\end{center}}\noindentat the mean mass ratio q = 5 × 10 –4 with no discernible deviation from a flat (Öpik's law) distribution in log-projected separation s. The determination is based on a sample of six planets detected from intensive follow-up observations of high-magnification ( A>200) microlensing events during 2005-2008. The sampled host stars have a typical mass M host ~ 0.5 M sun
The authors thank The SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System for their preprint deposit authorization. The original publication can be found in the Astrophysical Journal.
[Microlensing Follow Up Network (μFUN) ; Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 W. 18th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA ;]
