[fr] Les mammites à Staphylococcus (S.) aureus sont considérées comme l’une des maladies majeures chez les vaches laitières, causant de lourdes pertes économiques principalement dues à la réduction de la qualité et de la quantité de lait produit. Elles se caractérisent fréquemment par des formes subcliniques et chroniques, rendant leur diagnostic et leur contrôle difficile. La pathogénie des infections mammaires à S. aureus n’est pas encore complètement élucidée, mais comprend notamment l’intervention de nombreux facteurs de virulence tels que des toxines, et des protéines ou des polysaccharides de surface. De nombreux vaccins ont été développés en ciblant ces facteurs essentiels à l’établissement des mammites à S. aureus. Ces différentes approches vaccinales sont présentées et classifiées en fonction du type d’antigène utilisé. Par ailleurs, les stratégies vaccinales développées en médecine humaine, potentiellement transposables aux infections mammaires bovines, sont également abordées. Cependant, aucune approche vaccinale n’a à ce jour permis de prévenir efficacement les mammites bovines à S. aureus. L’induction d’une réponse essentiellement humorale ainsi qu’une couverture antigénique inadaptée pourraient être responsables du manque de protection observé lors de la majorité des essais vaccinaux contre S. aureus. [en] Staphylococcus (S.) aureus is a major pathogen for mastitis in dairy cattle. In most cases, S. aureus causes long-lasting subclinical and chronic bovine mastitis and leads to significant economic losses by reducing the quantity and the quality of the milk produced. The pathogenesis of S. aureus mastitis includes the ability to persist within host cells and involves multiple virulence factors including toxins, surface proteins and polysaccharides. The numerous vaccines that have been developed induce a specific immune response against these different factors. These different vaccine approaches are described and classified depending on the target antigen used. Moreover, some recent vaccine strategies against human S. aureus infections are also discussed and could eventually be used for the design of new bovine vaccines. Although most of bovine vaccines induce specific humoral response, to date, no vaccine has been described to protect efficiently against experimental and naturally occurred bovine S. aureus mastitis. In conclusion, this type of immune response and the broad antigenic variability of S. aureus strains can partially explain the lack of protection observed during most of vaccine trials.
Disciplines :
Veterinary medicine & animal health
Author, co-author :
Wallemacq, Hugues; Université de Liège - ULiège
Girard, B.; Université de Liège - ULiège
Lekeux, Pierre ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de sciences fonctionnelles > Physiologie
Bureau, Fabrice ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de sciences fonctionnelles > GIGA-R : Biochimie et biologie moléculaire
Language :
English
Title :
La vaccination contre les mammites à Staphylococcus aureus chez la vache laitière
Alternative titles :
[en] Staphylococcus aureus mastitis vaccination in dairy cattle
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