[en] The effects of an acute non-isocapnic hypoxia on ventilation and pulmonary mechanics were investigated in 6 healthy unsedated Holstein-Friesian (HF) calves and in 7 double-muscled calves of the Belgian White and Blue (BWB) breed known to develop more severe hypoxemia during exercise and respiratory diseases. Data were collected at 1 min intervals throughout the following protocol: breathing air (FIO2 = 21%), then breathing hypoxic gas mixture (FIO2 = 10%) for 5 min, and, finally, breathing air again for 5 min of recovery. Arterial blood was sampled at rest and at the 4th min of hypoxia for blood gas analysis. In HF and BWB calves, hypoxia induced a significant increase in tidal and minute volume, but did not change respiratory rate, dynamic lung compliance and total pulmonary resistance. However, with regard to their ventilation during normoxia at rest, BWB calves showed a comparatively greater rise in ventilation than HF calves during the first 4 min of hypoxia. On the contrary, by the 5th minute of hypoxia, ventilation of BWB calves declined to the normoxic level while HF calves largely sustained hyperventilation. This hypoxic ventilatory depression in BWB calves could be explained by the proportionately greater initial increase in ventilation. It was concluded that BWB calves supported this hypoxic challenge less easily than HF calves.
Disciplines :
Veterinary medicine & animal health
Author, co-author :
Rollin, Frédéric ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
Amory, Hélène ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
Desmecht, Daniel ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Linden, Annick ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege,
Art, Tatiana ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Laboratory for Functional Investigation, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
Lomba, Fernand; Université de Liège - ULiège
Lekeux, Pierre ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Laboratory for Functional Investigation, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege,
Language :
English
Title :
Pulmonary Function Values in Friesian and Double-Muscled Calves During Acute Poikilocapnic Hypoxia
AMORY, H., F. ROLLIN, D. DESMECHT, A. LINDEN, and P. LEKEUX, 1992: Cardiovascular response to acute hypoxia in double-muscled calves. Res. Vet. Sci. 52, 316-324.
ANSAY, M., and R. HANSET, 1979: Anatomical, physiological and biochemical differences between conventional and double-muscled cattle in the Belgian Blue and White breed. Livest. Prod. Sci. 6, 5-13.
ASTIN, T. W., and R. W. B. PENMAN, 1967: Airway obstruction due to hypoxemia in patients with chronic lung disease. Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. 95, 567-575.
BISGARD, G. E., and J. H. VOGEL, 1971: Hypoventilation and pulmonary hypertension in calves after carotid body excision. J. Appl. Physiol. 31, 431-437.
BISGARD, G. E., A. V. RUIZ, R. F. GROVER, and J. A. WILL, 1973: Ventilatory control in the Hereford calf. J. Appl. Physiol. 35, 220-226.
BRODY, S., 1945: Basal energy and protein metabolism in relation to body weight in mature animals of different species. In: Reinhold (ed.) Bioenergetics and Growth, New York pp. 352-403.
BUREAU, M. A., R. ZINMAN, P. FOULON, and R. BEGIN, 1984: Diphasic ventilatory response to hypoxia in the newborn lamb. J. Appl. Physiol. 56, 84-90.
CRUZ, J. C., 1973: Mechanics of breathing in high altitude and sea level subjects. Resp. Physiol. 17, 146-161.
EASTON, P. A., L. J. SLYKERMAN, and N. R. ANTHONISEN, 1986: Ventilatory response to sustained hypoxia in normal adults. J. Appl. Physiol. 61, 906-911.
GERSHAN, W. M., H. V. FORSTER, T. F. LOWRY, M. J. KORDUCKI, A. L. FORSTER, M. A. FORSTER, P. J. OTHAKE, E. A. AARON, and A. K. GARBER, 1994: Effect of metabolic rate on ventilatory roll-off during hypoxia. J. Appl. Physiol. 76, 2310-2314.
GUSTIN, P., F. LOMBA, M. BAKIMA, P. LEKEUX, and K. P. VAN DE WOESTIJNE, 1987a: Partitioning of pulmonary resistance in Friesian and double-muscled calves. J. Appl. Physiol. 62, 1826-1832.
GUSTIN, P., M. BAKIMA, P. LEKEUX, F. LOMBA, and K. P. VAN DE WOESTIJNE, 1987b: Partitioning of upper airway resistance in Friesian and double-muscled calves. Respir. Physiol. 69, 299-306.
GUSTIN, P., M. BAKIMA, P. LEKEUX, F. LOMBA, and K. P. VAN DE WOESTIJNE, 1988a: Pulmonary function values and growth in Belgian White Blue double-muscled cattle. Res. Vet. Sci. 45, 405-410.
GUSTIN, P., A. R. DHEM, F. LOMBA, and P. LEKEUX, 1988b: Cardio-pulmonary function values in double-muscled cattle during muscular exercise. Vet. Res. Commun. 12, 407-416.
INGRAM, R. H. Jr, 1975: Effects of airway versus arterial CO2 changes on lung mechanics in dogs. J. Appl. Physiol. 38, 603-607.
JULIÀ-SERDÀ, G., N. A. MOLFINO, H. G. FURLOTT, P. A. MCCLEAN, A. S. REBUCK, V. HOFFSTEIN, A. S. SLUTSKY, N. ZAMEL, and K. R. CHAPMAN, 1993: Tracheobronchial dilation during isocapnic hypoxia in conscious humans. J. Appl. Physiol. 75, 1728-1733.
KUIDA, H., A. M. BROWN, J. L. THORNE, R. L. LANGE, and H. H. HECHT, 1962: Pulmonary vascular response to acute hypoxia in normal, unanesthetized calves. Am. J. Physiol. 203, 391-396.
LAFRAMBOISE, W. A., and D. E. WOODRUM, 1985: Elevated diaphragm electromyogram during neonatal hypoxic ventilatory depression. J. Appl. Physiol. 59, 1040-1045.
LEKEUX, P., R. HAJER, and H. J. BREUKINK, 1984a: Intrathoracic pressure measurement in cattle: standardization procedure. Can. J. Comp. Med. 4, 420-421.
LEKEUX, P., R. HAJER, and H. J. BREUKINK, 1984b: Pulmonary function testing in calves: technical data. Am. J. Vet. Res. 45, 342-345.
LEKEUX, P., R. HAJER, and H. J. BREUKINK, 1984c: Effect of somatic growth on pulmonary function values in healthy Friesian cattle. Am. J. Vet. Res. 45, 2003-2007.
LEKEUX, P., R. HAJER, and H. J. BREUKINK, 1985: Upper airway resistance in healthy friesian cattle. Res. Vet. Sci. 38, 77-79.
LEKEUX, P., T. ART, C. CLERCX, and P. GUSTIN, 1988: Influence of inertance on measurements of the mechanical properties of the bovine respiratory system. Vet. Res. Commun. 12, 61-66.
LEKEUX, P., 1993: Pulmonary Function in Healthy, Exercising and Diseased Animals. V. D. T. Publications, Gent. 420 pp.
LEKEUX, P., H. AMORY, D. DESMECHT, P. GUSTIN, A. LINDEN, and F. ROLLIN, 1994: Oxygen transport chain in double-muscled Blue Belgian cattle. Br. Vet. J. 150, 463-471.
LOWRY, T. F., H. V. FORSTER, M. J. KORDUCKI, A. L. FORSTER, and M. A. FORSTER, 1994: Comparison of ventilatory response to sustained reduction in arterial PO2 vs. content in awake ponies. J. Appl. Physiol. 76, 2147-2153.
NEWHOUSE, M. T., M. R. BECKLAKE, P. T. MACKLEM, and M. MCGREGOR, 1964: Effect of alterations in end-tidal CO2 tension on flow resistance. J. Appl. Physiol. 19, 745-749.
NISELL, O., 1950: The action of oxygen and carbon dioxide on the bronchioles and vessels of the isolated perfused lungs. Acta Physiol. Scand. 21, Suppl. 73, 1-62.
RODARTE, J. R., and K. REHDER, 1986: Dynamics of respiration. In: FISHMAN, A. P., and A. B. FISHER (eds.) Handbook of Physiology, Sect. 3. The Respiratory System. Vol. 3, Mechanics of Breathing, Part 1. American Physiological Society, Bethesda, pp. 131-144.
STAHL, W. R., 1967: Scaling of respiratory variables in mammals. J. Appl. Physiol. 22, 453-460.
TUCKER, A., I. F. MCMURTRY, J. T. REEVES, A. F. ALEXANDER, D. H. WILL, and R. F. GROVER, 1975: Lung vascular smooth muscle as a determinant of pulmonary hypertension at high altitude. Am. J. Physiol. 228, 762-767.
VEIT, H. P., and R. L. FARRELL, 1978: The anatomy and physiology of the bovine respiratory system relating to pulmonary disease. Cornell Vet. 68, 551-581.
WEIL, J. V., E. BYRNE-QUINN, I. D. SODAL, W. O. FRIESEN, B. UNDERHILL, G. F. FILLEY, and R. F. GROVER, 1970: Hypoxic ventilatory drive in normal man. J. Clin. Invest 49, 1061-1072.
WETZEL, R. C., C. J. HEROLD, E. A. ZERHOUNI, and J. L. ROBOTHAM, 1992: Hypoxic bronchodilation. J. Appl. Physiol. 73, 1202-1206.