Reference : A history of early copper exploration in Katanga (D.R. Congo)

	Document type :	Scientific congresses and symposiums : Paper published in a book
	Discipline(s) :	Engineering, computing & technology : Geological, petroleum & mining engineering
	To cite this reference:	http://hdl.handle.net/2268/40083

Title :	A history of early copper exploration in Katanga (D.R. Congo)
Language :	English
Author, co-author :	Pirard, Eric [Université de Liège - ULg > Département Argenco : Secteur GeMMe > Géoressources minérales & Imagerie géologique >]
Publication date :	Jul-2010
Main document title :	Proceedings INHIGEO 2010
On invitation :	No
Audience :	International
Event name :	INHIGEO 2010
Event date :	5-10 Juillet 2010
Event organizer :	Int. Commission on the History of Geological Sciences
Event place (city) :	Madrid
Event country :	Espagne
Keywords :	[en] geological exploration ; copper ; katanga
Abstract :	[en] The latest archeological findings suggest that malachite outcrops have been mined as early as the Vth century A.C. in Garangaze a province known nowadays as Katanga [1]. The pre-Bayeke tribes used to seasonally mine these outcrops and cast copper hansas (crosses) that were used as exchange goods and have been found all over the African continent even reaching Europe as early as the XVIth century through trade with the Portuguese and the Dutch Oud West Indisch Compagnie. The first explicit mention of copper in European texts is said to date back to March 22nd 1798 in a report made by pombeiros (afro-portuguese metis) to the hence governor of Rios de Sena (Mozambique) Francesco Jose Maria Lacerda [2]. Katanga has long remained as the most inaccessible region of the African continent. Despite attempts made by Livingstone until his death in 1873, by Cameron in 1874 and by Thomson in 1878, it was considered to remain for long out of reach
Permalink :	http://hdl.handle.net/2268/40083

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	Fulltext file(s): File Commentary Version Size Access Restricted access PUB_10_09_EP EarlyCopper.pdf Publisher postprint 3.35 MB Request copy Additional material(s): File Commentary Version Size Access Open access PUB_10_09_EP Early Copper.pdf Poster presented at conference - 1.32 MB View/Open

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