Modélisation simplifiée du comportement thermique d'un bâtiment et vérification expériementale

The buildings reference models (among others those based on the transfer functions of the walls) aimed to simulate the thermal behaviour are too complex and computer time consuming compared to the accuracy of the needed data they require and the assumptions generally made. By an electrical analogy, a model whose order is lower than 4 is first proposed to model the walls. Then, a proposal for a two second order model is made for a one zone building and how to connect the different rooms in a multi-zone building. The way to take into account the solar gains is also proposed. The model thus proposed has been validated experimentally on a small scale of a one zone building in laboratory and in "situ". In an occupied dwelling in a residential building, the occupation gains seemed to be one of the main uncertainty of the modelling. In that thesis, a simplified model for the inside heat transfer coefficients is also proposed and validated experimentally in a climatic chamber in order to predict the gradient temperature which occurs in a room.