[en] The aim of this study was to compare the performance of elderly and young participants on a series of memory tasks involving either intentional or unintentional inhibitory control of memory content. Intentional inhibition processes in working and episodic memory were explored with directed forgetting tasks and in semantic memory with the Hayling task. Unintentional inhibitory processes in working memory, long-term memory, and semantic memory were explored with an interference resolution task, the retrieval practice paradigm, and the flanker task, respectively. The results indicate that elderly participants' performance on the two directed forgetting tasks and the Hayling task is lower than that of young ones, and that this impairment is not related to their initial memory capacity. This suggests that there is a specific dysfunction affecting intentional inhibitory control of memory contents in normal ageing.
Disciplines :
Neurosciences & behavior
Author, co-author :
Collette, Fabienne ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences cognitives > Neuropsychologie - Département des sciences cognitives
Germain, Sophie ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences cognitives > Neuropsychologie
Hogge, Michaël; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des Sciences Cognitives > Neuropsychologie
Van der Linden, Martial ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences cognitives > Psychopathologie cognitive
Language :
English
Title :
Inhibitory control of memory in normal ageing: Dissociation between impaired intentional and preserved unintentional processes.
Anderson, J. R. (1974) Retrieval of propositional information from long-term memory. Cognitive Psychology, 6, pp. 451-474.
Anderson, M. C. (2003) Rethinking interference theory: Executive control and the mechanisms of forgetting. Journal of Memory and Language, 49, pp. 415-445.
Anderson, M. C., Bjork, R. A. and Bjork, E. L. (1994) Remembering can cause forgetting: Retrieval dynamics in long term memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 20, pp. 1063-1087.
Anderson, M. C. and Green, C. (2001) Suppressing unwanted memories by executive control. Nature, 410, pp. 366-369.
Andrès, P. Equivalent part set cueing effects in younger and older adults. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology
Andrès, P., Guerrini, C., Phillips, L. and Perfect, T. (2008) Differential effects of aging on executive and automatic inhibition. Developmental Neuropsychology, 33, pp. 101-123.
Andrès, P. and Van der Linden, M. (2000) Age-related differences in supervisory attentional system functions. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 55, pp. P373-P380.
Andrès, P., Van der Linden, M. and Parmentier, F. B. (2004) Directed forgetting in working memory: Age-related differences. Memory, 12, pp. 248-256.
Aslan, A., Bauml, K-H. and Pastotter, B. (2007) No inhibitory deficit in older adults' episodic memory. Psychological Science, 18, pp. 72-78.
Badsen, B. H. and Badsen, D. R. (1998) Directed forgetting: A contrast of methods and interpretations. Intentional forgetting: Interdisciplinary approaches, pp. 139-172. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc, Mahwah, NJ
Badsen, B. H., Badsen, D. R. and Gargano, G. J. (1993) Directed forgetting in implicit and explicit memory tests: A comparison of methods. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 19, pp. 603-616.
Bjork, R. A. (1970) Positive forgetting: The noninterference of items intentionally forgotten. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 9, pp. 255-268.
Bjork, R. A. (1998) Intentional forgetting in perspective: Comments, conjectures, and some directed remembering. Intentional forgetting: Interdisciplinary approach, pp. 433-481. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc, Mahwah, NJ
Bjork, R. A. and Woodward, A. E. (1973) Directed forgetting of individual words in free recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 99, pp. 22-27.
Burgess, P. W. and Shallice, T. (1996) Response suppression, initiation and strategy use following frontal lobe lesions. Neuropsychologia, 34, pp. 263-273.
Butler, K. M., Zacks, R. T. and Henderson, J. M. (1999) Suppression of reflexive saccades in younger and older adults: Age comparisons on an antisaccade task. Memory and Cognition, 27, pp. 584-591.
Charlot, V. and Feyereisen, P. (2005) Mémoire épisodique et déficit d'inhibition au cours du vieillissement cognitif: Un examen de l'hypothèse frontale. L'Année Psychologique, 105, pp. 323-357.
Cohen, J. (1988) Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc, Hillsdale, NJ
Collette, F., Germain, S. and Stawarczyk, D. (2007) Effect of normal aging on perceptual and motor inhibitory processes. Paper presented at the 15th meeting of the European Society for Cognitive Psychology, Marseille, France
Collette, F., Schmidt, C., Scherrer, C., Adam, S. and Salmon, E. Specificity of inhibitory deficits in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiology of Aging
Collette, F., Van der Linden, M., Laureys, S., Del Fiore, G., Degueldre, C. Luxen, A. et al. (2005) Exploring the unity and diversity of the neural substrates of executive functioning. Human Brain Mapping, 25, pp. 409-423.
Connelly, S. L. and Hasher, L. (1993) Aging and the inhibition of spatial location. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 19, pp. 1238-1250.
Connelly, S. L., Hasher, L. and Zacks, R. (1991) Age and reading: The impact of distraction. Psychology and Aging, 6, pp. 533-541.
Content, A., Mousty, P. and Radeau, M. (1990) Brulex: Une base de donnees lexicales informatisee pour le francais ecrit et parle. L'Annee Psychologique, 90, pp. 551-566.
Conway, M. A. and Fthenaki, A. (2003) Disruption of inhibitory control of memory following lesions to the frontal and temporal lobes. Cortex, 39, pp. 667-686.
Conway, M. A., Harries, K., Noyes, J., Racsma'ny, M. and Frankish, C. R. (2000) The disruption and dissolution of directed forgetting: Inhibitory control of memory. Journal of Memory and Language, 43, pp. 409-430.
D'Esposito, M., Postle, B. R., Jonides, J. and Smith, E. E. (1999) The neural substrate and temporal dynamics of interference effects in working memory as revealed by event-related functional MRI. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. USA, 96, pp. 7514-7519.
Deltour, J. J. (1993) Echelle de vocabulaire Mill Hill de J.C. Raven, Editions l'Application des Techniques Modernes, Braine-le-Chateau, Belgium
Dempster, F. N. and Corkill, A. J. (1999) Individual differences in susceptibility to interference and general cognitive ability. Acta Psychologica, 101, pp. 395-416.
Dempster, F. N. and Corkill, A. J. (1999) Interference and inhibition in cognition and behavior: Unifying themes for educational psychology. Educational Psychology Review, 11, pp. 1-88.
Dubois, D. (1982) Normes de production d'exemplaires appartenant a vingt-deux cateégories sémantiques, a partir d'une consigne 'classique' et d'une consigne d'imagerie, Université de Paris VIII, Paris
Earles, J. L. and Kersten, A. W. (2002) Directed forgetting of actions by younger and older adults. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 9, pp. 383-388.
Engle, R. W. and Kane, K. A. (2004) Executive attention, working memory capacity, and a two-factor theory of cognitive control. The psychology of learning and motivation, 44, pp. 145-199. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Faust, M. E. and Balota, D. A. (1997) Inhibition of return and visuospatial attention in healthy older adults and individuals with dementia of the Alzheimer type. Neuropsychology, 11, pp. 13-29.
Fisk, J. E. and Sharp, C. A. (2004) Age-related impairment in executive functioning: Updating, inhibition, shifting and access. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 26, pp. 874-890.
Friedman, N. P., Miyake, A., Young, S. E., Defries, J. C., Corley, R. P. and Hewitt, J. K. (2008) Individual differences in executive functions are almost entirely genetic in origin. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 137, pp. 201-225.
Gamboz, N. and Russo, R. (2002) Evidence for age-related equivalence in the directed forgetting paradigm. Brain and Cognition, 48, pp. 366-371.
Germain, S. and Collette, F. (2008) Dissociation of perceptual and motor inhibitory processes in young and elderly subjects using the Simon task. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 14, pp. 1014-1021.
Harnishfeger, K. (1995) The development of cognitive inhibition. Theories, definitions, and research evidence. Interference and inhibition in cognition, pp. 176-206. Academic Press, London
Harnishfeger, K. and Pope, R. S. (1996) Intending to forget: The development of cognitive inhibition in directed-forgetting. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 62, pp. 292-315.
Hartman, M. and Hasher, L. (1991) Aging and suppression: Memory for previously relevant information. Psychology and Aging, 6, pp. 587-594.
Hasher, L. and Zacks, R. T. (1988) Working memory, comprehension, and aging: A review and a new view. The psychology of learning and motivation, 2, pp. 193-225. Academic Press, San Diego, CA
Hogge, M., Adam, S. and Collette, F. (2008) Directed forgetting and aging: The role of retrieval processes, processing speed and proactive interference. Aging, Neuropsychology and Cognition, 15, pp. 471-491.
Hogge, M., Adam, S. and Collette, F. (2008) Retrieval induced forgetting in normal aging. Journal of Neuropsychology, 2, pp. 463-476.
Hogge, M., Salmon, E. and Collette, F. (2008) Interference and negative priming in normal aging and in mild Alzheimer's disease. Psychologica Belgica, 48:1, pp. 1-23.
Houx, P. J., Jolles, J. and Vreeling, F. W. (1993) Aging effects assessed with the Stroop color word test in childhood, adulthood, and aging. Experimental Aging Research, 19, pp. 209-224.
Jennings, J. M. and Merikle, P. M. (1993) Automatic versus intentional uses of memory: Aging, attention, and control. Psychology and Aging, 8, pp. 283-293.
Johnson, H. M. (1994) Processes of successful intentional forgetting. Psychological Bulletin, 116, pp. 274-292.
Jonides, J., Marshuetz, C., Smith, E. E., Reuter-Lorenz, P. A. and Koeppe, R. A. (2000) Age differences in behavior and PET activation reveal differences in interference resolution in verbal working memory. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 12, pp. 188-196.
Jonides, J., Smith, E. E., Marshuetz, C., Koeppe, R. A. and Reuter-Lorenz, P. A. (1998) Inhibition in verbal working memory revealed by brain activation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 95, pp. 8410-8413.
Kane, M. J. and Engle, R. W. (2000) Working-memory capacity, proactive interference, and divided attention: Limits on long-term memory retrieval. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 26, pp. 336-358.
Kramer, A. F., Humphrey, D. G., Larish, J. F., Logan, G. and Strayer, D. (1994) Aging and inhibition: Beyond a unitary view of inhibitory processing in attention. Psychology and Aging, 9, pp. 491-512.
Kwong See, S. T. and Ryan, E. (1995) Cognitive mediation of adult age differences in language performance. Psychology and Aging, 10, pp. 458-468.
Langley, L. K., Overmier, J. B., Knopman, D. S. and Prod'Homme, M. S. (1998) Inhibition and habituation: Preserved mechanisms of attentional selection in ageing and Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychology, 12, pp. 353-366.
Lechuga, M. T., Moreno, V., Pelegrina, S., Gomez-Ariza, C. J. and Bajo Teresa, M. (2006) Age differences in memory control: Evidence from updating and retrieval practice tasks. Acta Psychologica, 123, pp. 279-298.
Light, L. (1991) Memory and ageing: Four hypotheses in search of data. Annual Review of Psychology, 42, pp. 333-376.
MacLeod, C. M. (1989) Directed forgetting affects both direct and indirect tests of memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 15, pp. 13-21.
MacLeod, C. M. (1998) Directed forgetting: The human memory literature. Intentional forgetting: Interdisciplinary approaches, pp. 1-57. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc, Mahwah, NJ
MacLeod, C. M., Dodd, M. D., Sheard, E. D., Wilson, D. E. and Bibi, U. (2003) In opposition to inhibition. The psychology of learning and motivation, 43, pp. 163-214. Academic Press, San Diego, CA
Marsh, E. J., Dolan, P. O., Balota, D. A. and Roediger, H. L. III (2004) Part-set cuing effects in younger and older adults. Psychology and Aging, 19, pp. 131-144.
Mattis, S. (1973) Dementia Rating Scale, NFER-Nelson, Windsor, ON
May, C. P. and Hasher, L. (1998) Synchrony effects in inhibitory control over though and action. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 24, pp. 363-379.
Maylor, E. A., Schlaghecken, F. and Watson, D. G. (2005) Aging and inhibitory processes in memory, attentional, and motor tasks. Cognitive limitations in ageing and psychopathology, pp. 313-345. Cambridge University Press, New York
Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Emerson, M. J., Witzki, A. H. and Howerter, A. (2000) The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contribution to complex 'frontal lobe' tasks: A latent variable analysis. Cognitive Psychology, 41, pp. 49-100.
Monsch, A. U., Bondi, M. W., Salmon, D. P., Butters, N., Thal, L. J. Hansen, L. A. et al. (1995) Clinical validity of the Mattis dementia rating scale in detecting dementia of the Alzheimer type. Archives of Neurology, 52, pp. 899-504.
Nielson, K. A., Langenecker, S. A. and Garavan, H. (2002) Differences in the functional neuroanatomy of inhibitory control across the adult life span. Psychology and Aging, 17, pp. 56-71.
Nigg, J. T. (2000) On inhibition/disinhibition in developmental psychopathology: Views from cognitive and personality psychology and a working inhibition taxonomy. Psychological Bulletin, 126, pp. 220-246.
Olincy, A., Ros, R., Young, D. A. and Freedman, R. (1997) Age diminishes performance on an antisaccade eye movement task. Neurobiology of Ageing, 18, pp. 483-487.
Paller, K. (1990) Recall and stem-completion priming have different electrophysiological correlates and are modified differently by directed forgetting. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Motivation, 16, pp. 1021-1032.
Park, D. and Hedden, T. (2001) Working memory and ageing. Perspectives on human memory and cognitive ageing. Essays in honour of Fergus Craik, pp. 148-160. Psychology Press, Hove, UK
Park, D. C., Lautenschlager, G., Smith, D. A., Earles, J. L., Frieske, D. Zwahr, M. et al. (1996) Mediators of long-term memory performance across the life span. Psychology and Aging, 11, pp. 621-637.
Paz-Caballero, M. D., Menor, J. and Jimenez, J. M. (2004) Predictive validity of event-related potentials (ERPs) in relation to the directed forgetting effects. Clinical Neurophysiology, 115, pp. 369-377.
Perfect, T. J., Stark, L. J., Tree, J. J., Moulin, C. J. A., Ahmed, L. and Hutter, R. (2004) Transfer appropriate forgetting: The cue-dependent nature of retrieval induced forgetting. Journal of Memory and Language, 51, pp. 399-417.
Racsmany, M., Conway, M. A., Garab, E. A., Cimmer, C., Janka, Z. Kurimay, T. et al. (2008) Disrupted memory inhibition in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 101, pp. 218-224.
Radvansky, G. A., Zacks, R. T. and Hasher, L. (1996) Fact retrieval in younger and older adults. The role of mental models. Psychology and Aging, 11, pp. 258-271.
Radvansky, G. A., Zacks, R. T. and Hasher, L. (2005) Age and inhibition: The retrieval of situation models. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 60, pp. P276-P278.
Reed, H. (1970) Studies of interference process in short-term memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 84, pp. 452-457.
Salthouse, T. A. (1996) The processing-speed theory of adult age difference in cognition. Psychological Review, 3, pp. 403-428.
Salthouse, T. A., Siedlecki, K. L. and Krueger, L. E. (2006) An individual differences analysis of memory control. Journal of Memory and Language, 55, pp. 102-125.
Sego, S. A., Golding, J. M. and Gottlob, L. R. (2006) Directed forgetting in older adults using the item and list methods. Aging, Neuropsychology and Cognition, 13, pp. 95-114.
Shaw, R. J. (1991) Age-related increases in the effects of automatic semantic activation. Psychology and Aging, 6, pp. 595-604.
Spieler, D. H., Balota, D. A. and Faust, M. E. (1996) Stroop performance in healthy younger and older adults and in individuals with dementia of the Alzheimer's type. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 22, pp. 461-479.
Swinney, D. and Prather, P. (1989) On the comprehension of lexical ambiguity by young children: Investigations into the development of mental modularity. Resolving semantic ambiguity, Springer-Verlag, New York
Titov, N. and Knight, R. G. (1997) Adult age differences in controlled and automatic memory processing. Psychology and Aging, 12, pp. 565-573.
Van der Linden, M., Hupet, M., Feyereisen, P., Schelstraete, M., Bestgen, Y. Bruyer, R. et al. (1999) Cognitive mediators of age-related differences in language comprehension and verbal memory performance. Aging, Neuropsychology and Cognition, 6, pp. 32-55.
Verhaeghen, P. and De Meersman, L. (1998) Aging and the negative priming effect: A meta-analysis. Psychology and Aging, 13, pp. 435-444.
Wylie, G. R., Foxe, J. J. and Taylor, T. L. (2008) Forgetting as an active process: An fMRI investigation of item-method-directed forgetting. Cerebral Cortex, 18, pp. 670-682.
Zacks, R. T. and Hasher, L. (1994) Directed ignoring: Inhibitory regulation of working memory. Inhibitory processes in attention, memory and language, pp. 241-264. Academic Press, San Diego, CA
Zacks, R. T., Hasher, L. and Li, K. Z. H. (2000) Human memory. Handbook of cognitive aging and cognition, pp. 293-357. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc, Mahwah, NJ
Zacks, R. T., Radvansky, G. and Hasher, L. (1996) Studies of directed forgetting in older adults. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 22, pp. 143-156.
Zellner, M. and Bauml, K-H. (2006) Inhibitory deficits in older adults: List-method directed forgetting revisited. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 32, pp. 290-300.
