[en] It has been found that dopaminergic transmission could be involved in some aspects of anxiety. The present study aims to explore this hypothesis further, using specific DA1 (SKF 38393) and DA2 (bromocriptine) agonists or DA1 (SCH 23390), and DA2 (zetidoline) antagonists in the open-field test. The results confirm previous studies indicating that DA1 and DA2 agonists predominantly increase locomotor activity, while DA1 and DA2 antagonists predominantly decrease it. However, at low doses, the four drugs increase the peripheral ambulation score significantly and, with the exception of zetidoline, also increase the central ambulation score. The observations made with zetidoline confirm the hypothesis that a specific presynaptic DA2 antagonism could be determinant for the disinhibitory effects of low doses of neuroleptics. A collateral action on 5HT transmission is also suggested to explain an hypothetic anxiolytic action of DA agonists and SCH 23390 at lower doses.
Allen, Ferguson, Cox (1974) Pharmacologic effects of MJ9022-1, a potential tranquilizing agent. Arzneimittelforschung 24:917-922.
Arnt (1985) Behavioral stimulation is induced by separate D1 and D2 receptor sites in reserpine-pretreated but not in normal rats. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 113:79-88.
Barone, Corsico, Diena, Restelli, Glässer, Rodenghi (1982) Biochemical and pharmacological activities of zetidoline (DL 308-IT): a new antidopaminergic agent. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 34:129-132.
Barone, Davis, Braun, Chase (1986) Dopaminergic mechanisms and motor function: characterization of D1 and D2 receptor interactions. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 123:109.
Beninger, Cooper, Majurski (1985) Automating the measurement of locomotor activity. Neurobehav. Toxicol. Teratol. 7:79-85.
Benkirane, Arbilla, Langer (1987) A functional response to D1 dopamine receptor stimulation in the central nervous system: inhibition of the release of 3H-serotonin from the rat substantia nigra. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. 335:502-507.
Bernardi, De Souza, Neto (1981) Effects of single and long-term haloperidol administration on open field behavior of rats. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 73:171-175.
Braun, Chase (1986) Obligatory D1/D2 receptor interaction in the generation of DA agonist related behaviors. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 131:301.
Brinkley, Beitman, Friedel (1979) Low-dose neuroleptic regimens in the treatment of borderline patients. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 36:319-326.
Bruhwyler, Chleide, Liégeois, Delarge, Mercier (1990) Anxiolytic potential of sulpiride, clozapine and derivatives in the open field test. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 36:57-61.
Bruhwyler (1990) Anxiolytic potential of a microgram dose of chlordiazepoxide in the open-field test. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 187:547-549.
Bruhwyler, Chleiide, Mercier (1990) Effects of low doses of neuroleptics on temporal regulation in a Differential Reinforcement Response Duration (DRRD) schedule in the dog. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 37:607-611.
Canon, Lippa (1977) Use of DRL in differentiating anxiolytic and neuroleptics properties of CNS drugs. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 6:591-593.
Canon (1979) A comparison of clozapine, chlorpromazine and thioridazine upon DRL performance in the squirrel monkey. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 64:55-60.
Claustre, Rivy, Denis, Scatton (1986) Pharmacological studies on stress-induced in frontal cortical dopamine metabolism in the rat. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 238:693-700.
Costall, Domeney, Naylor (1983) Stimulation of rat spontaneous locomotion by low doses of haloperidol and (-) sulpiride: importance of animal selection and measurement technique. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 90:307-314.
Costentin, Petit, Dollfus (1987) Les Neuroleptiques. Coll “Les Grands Médicaments.” Ellipses. Ed Marketing 162.
Crawley (1981) Neuropharmacologic specificity of a simple animal model for the behavioral actions of benzodiazepines. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 15:695-699.
Creese, Sibley, Hamblin, Leff (1983) The classification of dopamine receptors: relationship to radioligand binding. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 6:43-71.
Critchley, Handley (1987) Effects in the X-maze anxiety model of agents acting at 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptors. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 93:502-506.
Davidson, Cook (1969) Effects of combined treatment with trifluoperazine-HCl and amobarbital on punished behavior in rats. Psychopharmacologia 15:159-168.
Davies, Steinberg (1984) A biphasic effect of chlordiazepoxide on animal locomotor activity. Neurosci. Lett. 46:347-351.
Duncan, Criswell, Mc Cown, Paul, Mueller, Breese (1987) Behavioral and neurochemical responses to haloperidol and SCH 23390 in rats treated neonatally or as adults with 6-hydroxydopamine. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 243:1027.
Eison, Eison, Reblet, Temple (1983) Indications of serotoninergic involvement in the actions of a potential nonbenzodiazepine anxiolytic: MJ13805. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 9:436.
Elliott, Jenner, Huizing, Marsden, Miller (1977) Substituted benzamides as cerebral dopamine antagonists in rodents. Neuropharmacology 16:333-342.
Garattini, Caccia, Mennini (1985) Buspirone, a novel anxiolytic agent different from benzodiazepines. Acutalités Médicales Internationales en Psychiatrie.
Goldstein, Litwin, Sutton, Malick (1987) D2 dopamine antagonist-like effects of SCH 23390 on A9 and A10 dopamine neurons. Life Sci. 40:1039-1044.
Hoffman, Beninger (1985) The D1 dopamine receptor antagonist, SCH 23390 reduces locomotor activity and rearing in rats. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 22:341-342.
Ichihara, Nabeshima, Kameyama (1988) Effects of haloperidol, sulpiride and SCH 23390 on passive avoidance learning in mice. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 151:435-442.
Ikeda, Hirata, Fujita, Shinzato, Takahashi, Yagyu, Nagatsu (1984) Effects of stress on release of dopamine and serotonin in the striatum of spontaneously hypertensive rats: an in vivo voltammetric study. Neurochem. Int. 6:509-512.
Iorio, Barnett, Leitz, Houser, Korduba (1983) SCH 23390, a potential benzazepine antipsychotic with unique interactions on dopaminergic systems. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 266:462-468.
Jackson, Hashizume (1987) Bromocriptine-induced locomotor stimulation in mice is modulated by dopamine D1 receptors. J. Neural Transm. 69:131-145.
Jackson, Ross, Hashizume (1988) Dopamine-mediated behaviours produced in naive mice by bromocriptine plus SKF 38393. J. Phar. Pharmacol. 40:221-223.
Kameyama, Suzuki, Nobeshima (1980) Effects of 5HT on defecation in open field behavior in rats. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 12:875-882.
Koller, Herbster (1988) D1 and D2 dopamine receptor mechanisms in dopaminergic behaviors. Clin. Neuropharmacol. 11:221-231.
Markstein (1981) Neurochemical effects of some ergot derivatives: a basis for their antiparkinson actions. J. Neural Transm. 51:39-59.
Medan Dictionnaire Vidal. Cahiers de Bibliographie Thérapeutique Française, Paris; 1979.
Meert (1986) A comparative study of the effects of ritanserin (R55667) and chlordiazepoxide on rat open field behavior. Drug Dev. Res. 8:197-204.
Meller, Kuga, Friedhoff, Goldstein (1985) Selective D2 dopamine receptor agonists prevent catalepsy induced by SCH 23390, a selective D1 antagonist. Life Sci. 36:1857-1864.
Meltzer, Matsubara, Lee (1989) Classification of typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs on the basis dopamine D1, D2 and serotonin 2 pKi values. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 251:238-246.
Molloy, Waddington (1985) Sniffing, rearing and locomotor responses to the D1 dopamine agonist RSK&F 38393 and to apomorphine: differential interactions with the selective D1 and D2 antagonists SCH 23390 and metoclopramide. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 108:305-308.
Molloy, Waddington (1987) Assessment of grooming and other behavioual responses to the D1 dopamine receptor agonist SK&F 38393 and its R- and S-enatiomers in the intact adult rat. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 92:164.
Murray, Waddington (1988) Grooming behaviour induced by the new putative D1 dopamine receptor agonist CY 208-243. British Journal of Pharmacology 95:562P.
Onali, Mereu, Olianas, Bunse, Rossetti, Cessa (1985) SCH 23390, a selective D1 dopamine receptor blocker enhances the firing rate of nigral dopaminergic neurons but fails to activate striatal tyrosine hydroxylase. Brain Res. 340:1-7.
Panteleeva, Tsutsul Kovskaya, Belyaev, Minsker, Vynar, Ceskova, Svetska, Libiger, Korinkova, Novotny, Filip, Pavlovsky, Zolty, Gasner, Stanislov, Welbel, Ketner, Popov, Grunes (1987) Clozapine in the treatment of schizophrenic patients: an international multicenter trial. Clin. Ther. 10:57-68.
Pich, Samanin (1986) Disinhibitory effects of buspirone and low doses of sulpiride and haloperidol in the two experimental anxiety models in rats: possible role of dopamine. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 89:125-130.
Pugnetti, Barone, Peruzzi, Restelli (1985) Zetidoline, a specific DA antagonist devoid of antiserotoninergic activity in rodent brain. Pharmacol. Res. Commun. 17:1141-1151.
Risse, Barnes (1986) Pharmacologic treatment of agitation associated with dementia. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 34:368-376.
Rogerson, Butler (1971) Assessment of low dosage haloperidol in anxiety states. Br. J. Psychiatry 119:169-170.
Rubinstein, Gershanik, Stefano (1988) Different roles of D1 and D2 dopamine receptors involved in locomotor activity of supersensitive mice. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 148:419-426.
Russell, Hagenmeyer-Houser, Sanberg (1987) Haloperidol induced emotional defecation: a possible model for neuroleptic anxiety syndrome. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 91:45-49.
Sanberg (1980) Haloperidol-induced catalepsy is mediated by postsynaptic dopamine receptors. Nature 284:472-473.
Sansone (1979) Effects of repeated administration of chlordiazepoxide on spontaneous locomotor activity in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 66:109-110.
Schaefer, Bonsall, Michael (1986) An automatic device for measuring speed of movement and time spent at rest: Its application to testing dopaminergic drugs. Physiol. Behav. 37:181-186.
Schulz, Stanford, Wyrick, Mailman (1985) Binding of 3H-SCH 23390 in rat brain: regional distribution and effects of assay conditions and GTP suggest interactions at a D1-like dopamine receptor. J. Neurochem. 45:1601-1611.
Setler, Saran, Zirkle, Saunders (1983) The central effects of a novel dopamine agonist. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 50:419-426.
Silverstone, Levine, Freeman, Dubini (1984) Zetidoline, a new antipsychotic: first controlled trial in acute schizophrenia. Br. J. Psychiatry 145:294.
Starr, Starr (1987) Behavioural interactions involving D1 and D2 dopamine receptors in nonhabituated mice. Neuropharmacology 26:613-619.
Starr (1988) D1/D2 behavioral interactions in the rat involving striatal dopamine D1 receptors. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 151:479-482.
Szabadi, Bradshaw, Gaszner (1980) The comparison of the effects of DL-308, a potential new neuroleptic agent, and thioridazine on some psychological and physiological functions in healthy volunteers. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 68:125.
Treit (1985) Animal models for the study of antianxiety agents: A review. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 9:203-222.
Waddington, O'Boyle (1989) Drugs acting on brain dopamine receptors: a conceptual reevaluation five years after the first selective D1 antagonist. Pharmacol. Ther. 43:1-52.
Walsh, Cummins (1976) The open-field test: a critical review. Psychol. Bull. 83:482-504.