surveys; catalogs; techniques: spectroscopic; stars: fundamental; parameters; stars: abundances; open clusters and associations: general; Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies; Astrophysics - Solar and; Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract :
[en] Context. In the last 15 years different ground-based spectroscopic surveys have been started (and completed) with the general aim of delivering stellar parameters and elemental abundances for large samples of Galactic stars, complementing Gaia astrometry. Among those surveys, the Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey, the only one performed on a 8m class telescope, was designed to target 100 000 stars using FLAMES on the ESO VLT (both Giraffe and UVES spectrographs), covering all the Milky Way populations, with a special focus on open star clusters. <BR /> Aims: This article provides an overview of the survey implementation (observations, data quality, analysis and its success, data products, and releases), of the open cluster survey, of the science results and potential, and of the survey legacy. A companion article reviews the overall survey motivation, strategy, Giraffe pipeline data reduction, organisation, and workflow. <BR /> Methods: We made use of the information recorded and archived in the observing blocks; during the observing runs; in a number of relevant documents; in the spectra and master catalogue of spectra; in the parameters delivered by the analysis nodes and the working groups; in the final catalogue; and in the science papers. Based on these sources, we critically analyse and discuss the output and products of the Survey, including science highlights. We also determined the average metallicities of the open clusters observed as science targets and of a sample of clusters whose spectra were retrieved from the ESO archive. <BR /> Results: The Gaia-ESO Survey has determined homogeneous good-quality radial velocities and stellar parameters for a large fraction of its more than 110 000 unique target stars. Elemental abundances were derived for up to 31 elements for targets observed with UVES. Lithium abundances are delivered for about 1/3 of the sample. The analysis and homogenisation strategies have proven to be successful; several science topics have been addressed by the Gaia-ESO consortium and the community, with many highlight results achieved. <BR /> Conclusions: The final catalogue will be released through the ESO archive in the first half of 2022, including the complete set of advanced data products. In addition to these results, the Gaia-ESO Survey will leave a very important legacy, for several aspects and for many years to come. <P />Table B.5 is only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to <A href="http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr">cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr</A> (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via <A href="http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/666/A121">http://cdsarc.u-strasbg. fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/666/A121</A>
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Randich, S.; Astronomical Observatory of Arcetri
Gilmore, G.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
Magrini, L.; Astronomical Observatory of Arcetri
Sacco, G. G.; Astronomical Observatory of Arcetri
Jackson, R. J.; Keele University, Department of Physics and Astrophysics
Jeffries, R. D.; Keele University, Department of Physics and Astrophysics
Worley, C. C.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
Hourihane, A.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
Gonneau, A.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
Viscasillas Vazquez, C.; Vilnius University, Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astronomy
Franciosini, E.; Astronomical Observatory of Arcetri
Lewis, J. R.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
Alfaro, E. J.; Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía SNR, Granada, 18008, Spain
Allende Prieto, C.; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Vía Láctea SNR, E-38205, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain, Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38205, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
Bensby, T.; Lund Observatory
Blomme, R.; ROB - Royal Observatory of Belgium, Ringlaan 3, 1180, Brussels, Belgium
Bragaglia, A.; Astronomical Observatory of Bologna
Flaccomio, E.; INAF - Osservatorio Asronomico di Palermo, Piazza del Parlamento, 1, 90134, Palermo, Italy
François, P.; Observatoire de Paris, Laboratoire Galaxies Etoiles Physiques et Instrumentation
Irwin, M. J.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
Koposov, S. E.; Royal Observatory Edinburgh, University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
Korn, A. J.; Uppsala University, Department of Physics and Astronomy
Lanzafame, A. C.; University of Catania, Department of Physics and Astronomy
Pancino, E.; Astronomical Observatory of Arcetri, Italian Space Agency
Recio-Blanco, A.; Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, France
Smiljanic, R.; Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Warsaw
Van Eck, S.; Vrije Universiteit, Brussels, Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Group
Zwitter, T.; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
Asplund, M.; Australian Academy of Science, Box 783, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
Bonifacio, P.; Observatoire de Paris, Laboratoire Galaxies Etoiles Physiques et Instrumentation
Feltzing, S.; Lund Observatory
Binney, J.; University of Oxford, Department of Physics
Drew, J.; University College London, Department of Physics and Astronomy
Ferguson, A. M. N.; University of Edinburgh, Institute for Astronomy
Micela, G.; INAF - Osservatorio Asronomico di Palermo, Piazza del Parlamento, 1, 90134, Palermo, Italy
Negueruela, I.; Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, 03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
Prusti, T.; European Space Research and Technology Centre
Rix, H. -W.; Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg
Vallenari, A.; Astronomical Observatory of Padua
Bayo, A.; Valparaiso University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, -
Bergemann, M.; Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg, Niels Bohr Institute for Astronomy, Physics and Geophysics
Biazzo, K.; Astronomical Observatory of Rome
Carraro, G.; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova, V. dell'Osservatorio 2, 35122, Padova, Italy
Casey, A. R.; Monash University, School of Physics
Damiani, F.; INAF - Osservatorio Asronomico di Palermo, Piazza del Parlamento, 1, 90134, Palermo, Italy
Frasca, A.; Astronomical Observatory of Catania
Heiter, U.; Uppsala University, Department of Physics and Astronomy
Hill, V.; Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, France
Jofré, P.; Diego Portales University, Chile
de Laverny, P.; Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, France
Lind, K.; AlbaNova University Center
Marconi, G.; ESO - European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere, Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura, 19001, Casilla, Santiago de Chile, Chile
Martayan, C.; ESO - European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere, Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura, 19001, Casilla, Santiago de Chile, Chile
Masseron, T.; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Vía Láctea SNR, E-38205, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain, Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38205, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
Monaco, L.; Andres Bello University, Chile
Morbidelli, L.; Astronomical Observatory of Arcetri
Prisinzano, L.; INAF - Osservatorio Asronomico di Palermo, Piazza del Parlamento, 1, 90134, Palermo, Italy
Sbordone, L.; ESO - European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere, Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura, 19001, Casilla, Santiago de Chile, Chile
Sousa, S. G.; University of Porto, Center for Astrophysics
Zaggia, S.; Astronomical Observatory of Padua
Adibekyan, V.; University of Porto, Center for Astrophysics
Bonito, R.; INAF - Osservatorio Asronomico di Palermo, Piazza del Parlamento, 1, 90134, Palermo, Italy
Caffau, E.; Observatoire de Paris, Laboratoire Galaxies Etoiles Physiques et Instrumentation
Daflon, S.; Observatório Nacional - MCTI (ON), Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, São Cristóvão, 20921-400, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Feuillet, D. K.; Lund Observatory, Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg
Gebran, M.; Department of Chemistry and Physics, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
Gonzalez Hernandez, J. I.; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Vía Láctea SNR, E-38205, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
Guiglion, G.; Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics, Potsdam
Herrero, A.; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Vía Láctea SNR, E-38205, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain, Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38205, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
Lobel, A.; ROB - Royal Observatory of Belgium, Ringlaan 3, 1180, Brussels, Belgium
Maiz Apellaniz, J.; Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Departamento de Astrofísica, campus ESAC. Camino bajo del castillo SNR., 28 692, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
Merle, T.; Vrije Universiteit, Brussels, Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Group
Mikolaitis, Š.; Vilnius University, Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astronomy
Montes, D.; Departamento de Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica &, IPARCOSUCM (Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos de la UCM), Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
Morel, Thierry ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Unités de recherche interfacultaires > Space sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research (STAR)
Soubiran, C.; Observatoire de Bordeaux
Spina, L.; Astronomical Observatory of Padua
Tabernero, H. M.; Center for Astrobiology, Madrid
Tautvaišiene, G.; Vilnius University, Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astronomy
Traven, G.; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
Valentini, M.; Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics, Potsdam
Van der Swaelmen, M.; Astronomical Observatory of Arcetri
Villanova, S.; University of Concepcion, Department of Astronomy
Wright, N. J.; Keele University, Department of Physics and Astrophysics
Abbas, U.; Astronomical Observatory of Turin
Aguirre Børsen-Koch, V.; Aarhus University, Institute for Physics and Astronomy
Alves, J.; University of Vienna, Dept. Astrophysics, Türkenschanzstrasse 17, 1180, Vienna, Austria
Balaguer-Nunez, L.; Instituto de Ciencias del Cosmos, Barcelona
Barklem, P. S.; Uppsala University, Department of Physics and Astronomy
Barrado, D.; Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Camino Bajo del Castillo SNR, 28692, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
Berlanas, S. R.; Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, 03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
Binks, A. S.; MIT, Center for Space Research/Kavli Institute, Keele University, Department of Physics and Astrophysics
Bressan, A.; SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, Italy
Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R.; Dep. of Physics, Sapienza, University of Roma, Roma, Italy
Casagrande, L.; ANU, Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics
Casamiquela, L.; Observatoire de Bordeaux
Collins, R. S.; Royal Observatory Edinburgh
D'Orazi, V.; Astronomical Observatory of Padua
Dantas, M. L. L.; Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Warsaw
Debattista, V. P.; University of Central Lancashire, Center for Astrophysics
Delgado-Mena, E.; University of Porto, Center for Astrophysics
Di Marcantonio, P.; Astronomical Observatory of Trieste
Drazdauskas, A.; Vilnius University, Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astronomy
Evans, N. W.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
Famaey, B.; Centre de Donnees Astronomiques, Strasbourg
Franchini, M.; Astronomical Observatory of Trieste
Frémat, Y.; ROB - Royal Observatory of Belgium, Ringlaan 3, 1180, Brussels, Belgium
Friel, E. D.; Indiana University, Department of Astronomy
Fu, X.; Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics
Geisler, D.; University of Concepcion, Department of Astronomy, -, University of La Serena, Chile
Gonzalez Solares, E. A.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
Grebel, E. K.; Max-Planck-Institute for Ex. Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
Gutierrez Albarran, M. L.; Departamento de Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica &, IPARCOSUCM (Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos de la UCM), Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
Hatzidimitriou, D.; University of Athens, Department of Astronomy, -
Held, E. V.; Astronomical Observatory of Padua
Jiménez-Esteban, F.; Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Departamento de Astrofísica, campus ESAC. Camino bajo del castillo SNR., 28 692, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
Jönsson, H.; Malmo University, Sweden
Jordi, C.; Instituto de Ciencias del Cosmos, Barcelona
Khachaturyants, T.; University of Central Lancashire, Center for Astrophysics
Kordopatis, G.; Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, France
Kos, J.; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
Lagarde, N.; Observatoire de Bordeaux, Universe, Time-Frequency, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphere and Environment, Molecules, Besancon
Mahy, Laurent ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Groupe d'astrophysique des hautes énergies (GAPHE) ; ROB - Royal Observatory of Belgium, Ringlaan 3, 1180, Brussels, Belgium
Mapelli, M.; Astronomical Observatory of Padua
Marfil, E.; Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Departamento de Astrofísica, campus ESAC. Camino bajo del castillo SNR., 28 692, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
Martell, S. L.; University of New South Wales, School of Physics
Messina, S.; Astronomical Observatory of Catania
Miglio, A.; University of Bologna, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Astronomical Observatory of Bologna
Minchev, I.; Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics, Potsdam
Moitinho, A.; University of Lisbon, Department of Physics
Montalban, J.; University of Bologna, Department of Physics and Astronomy
Monteiro, M. J. P. F. G.; University of Porto, Center for Astrophysics, University of Porto, Center for Astrophysics
Morossi, C.; Astronomical Observatory of Trieste
Mowlavi, N.; Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, 51 chemin Pegasi, 1290, Versoix, Switzerland
Mucciarelli, A.; University of Bologna, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Astronomical Observatory of Bologna
Murphy, D. N. A.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
Nardetto, N.; Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, France
Ortolani, S.; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova, V. dell'Osservatorio 2, 35122, Padova, Italy
Paletou, F.; Université de Toulouse, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, CNRS, IRAP, 14 av. E. Belin, 31400, Toulouse, France
Palouš, J.; Astronomical Institute, CAS, Bočcní II 1401, 141 00, Prague 4, Czech Republic
Paunzen, E.; Masaryk University, Department of Physics and Astrophysics
Pickering, J. C.; Physics Department, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BZ, UK
Quirrenbach, A.; University of Heidelberg, Astronomical Observatory
Re Fiorentin, P.; Astronomical Observatory of Turin
Read, J. I.; University of Surrey, Physics Department, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
Romano, D.; Astronomical Observatory of Bologna
Ryde, N.; Lund Observatory
Sanna, N.; Astronomical Observatory of Arcetri
Santos, W.; Observatório Nacional - MCTI (ON), Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, São Cristóvão, 20921-400, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Seabroke, G. M.; University College London, Mullard Space Science Laboratory
Spagna, A.; Astronomical Observatory of Turin
Steinmetz, M.; Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics, Potsdam
Stonkuté, E.; Vilnius University, Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astronomy
Sutorius, E.; Royal Observatory Edinburgh
Thévenin, F.; Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, France
Tosi, M.; Astronomical Observatory of Bologna
Tsantaki, M.; Astronomical Observatory of Arcetri
Vink, J. S.; Armagh Observatory, Ireland
Wright, N.; Keele University, Department of Physics and Astrophysics
Wyse, R. F. G.; Johns Hopkins University, Department of Physics and Astronomy
Zoccali, M.; Institute of Astrophysics, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna, 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile
Zorec, J.; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UPMC, UMR7095 Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis Bd. Arago, 75014, Paris, France
Zucker, D. B.; Macquarie University, Department of Physics and Astronomy
Walton, N. A.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
