Biogeochemistry of the Tana estuary and delta (northern Kenya)

The estuarine mixing zone of the Tana River (northern Kenya) and an extensive deltaic area just south of the
estuary were sampled in April 2004 with the aim of identifying the distribution, sources, and processing of
particulate and dissolved organic carbon (POC, DOC) and inorganic carbon (DIC). C4 inputs from the
catchment contributed ,50% to the POC pool in the Tana River and estuary, and in the mangrove creek water
column and intertidal sediments. The d13C values of DOC, however, were typically much more negative than that
of POC, indicating a substantially higher contribution by C3 and/or mangrove-derived carbon in the DOC pool.
The undersaturation of O2, high pCO2, and the nonconservative nature of DIC and d13CDIC suggest a strongly
heterotrophic water column, particularly in the freshwater part of the Tana and in the tidal creeks in the delta,
where high additional inputs of organic matter were observed. However, some of these sites showed d18ODO
signatures lower than the atmospheric equilibrium (i.e., +24.2%) indicative of significant O2 production by
photosynthesis. Therefore, the heterotrophic signature in the water column is likely the result of a strong
interaction with the large intertidal areas, whereby respiratory activity in sediments and in the overlying water
column during tidal inundation leave a marked signature on the water column. This is confirmed by the
covariation between salinity-normalized total alkalinity and DIC, whose slope indicates an important role for
anaerobic diagenetic processes. If our data are representative for other large river systems in the region, current
estimates are likely to underestimate suspended matter and both inorganic and organic C fluxes to the Indian
Ocean from tropical east Africa.