Article (Scientific journals)
Long-term trends of inorganic chlorine from ground-based infrared solar spectra: Past increases and evidence for stabilization
Rinsland, Curtis P.; Mahieu, Emmanuel; Zander, Rodolphe et al.
2003In Journal of Geophysical Research, 108 (D8), p. 4252
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Keywords :
inorganic chlorine; infrared spectroscopy; atmospheric composition; hydrogen chloride; chlorine nitrate
Abstract :
[en] Long-term time series of hydrogen chloride (HCl) and chlorine nitrate (ClONO2) total column abundances has been retrieved from high spectral resolution ground-based solar absorption spectra recorded with infrared Fourier transform spectrometers at nine NDSC (Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change) sites in both Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The data sets span up to 24 years and most extend until the end of 2001. The time series of Cly (defined here as the sum of the HCl and ClONO2 columns) from the three locations with the longest time-span records show rapid increases until the early 1990s superimposed on marked day-to-day, seasonal and inter-annual variability. Subsequently, the buildup in Cly slows and reaches a broad plateau after 1996, also characterized by variability. A similar time evolution is also found in the total chlorine concentration at 55 km altitude derived from Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) global observations since 1991. The stabilization of inorganic chlorine observed in both the total columns and at 55 km altitude indicates that the near-global 1993 organic chlorine (CCly) peak at the Earth’s surface has now propagated over a broad altitude range in the upper atmosphere, though the time lag is difficult to quantify precisely from the current data sets, due to variability. We compare the three longest measured time series with two-dimensional model calculations extending from 1977 to 2010, based on a halocarbon scenario that assumes past measured trends and a realistic extrapolation into the future. The model predicts broad Cly maxima consistent with the long-term observations, followed by a slow Cly decline reaching 12–14% relative to the peak by 2010. The data reported here confirm the effectiveness of the Montreal Protocol and its Amendments and Adjustments in progressively phasing out the major man-related perturbations of the stratospheric ozone layer, in particular, the anthropogenic chlorine-bearing source gases.
Disciplines :
Earth sciences & physical geography
Author, co-author :
Rinsland, Curtis P.;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophys., géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Groupe infra-rouge de phys. atmosph. et solaire (GIRPAS)
Mahieu, Emmanuel  ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Services généraux (Faculté des sciences) > Relations académiques et scientifiques (Sciences)
Zander, Rodolphe ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophys., géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Groupe infra-rouge de phys. atmosph. et solaire (GIRPAS)
Jones, Nicholas B.;  University of Denver > Department of Physics
Chipperfield, Martyn P.
Goldman, Aaron
Anderson, John
Russell III, Jim M.
Demoulin, Philippe 
Notholt, Justus
Toon, Geoffrey C.
Blavier, Jean-François
Sen, Bashwar
Sussmann, Ralf
Wood, Stephen W.
Meier, Arndt
Griffith, Dave W. T.
Chiou, Linda S.
Murcray, Frank J.
Stephen, T. M.
Hase, Frank
Mikuteit, Sabine
Shulz, Astrid
Blumenstock, Thomas
More authors (14 more) Less
Language :
English
Title :
Long-term trends of inorganic chlorine from ground-based infrared solar spectra: Past increases and evidence for stabilization
Publication date :
26 April 2003
Journal title :
Journal of Geophysical Research
ISSN :
0148-0227
eISSN :
2156-2202
Publisher :
American Geophysical Union, Washington, United States - District of Columbia
Volume :
108
Issue :
D8
Pages :
4252
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Available on ORBi :
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