Miller JFAP. The thymus and the development of immunologie responsiveness. Science 1964; 144: 1544-1551.
Geenen V, Robert F, Martens H, De Groote D, Franchimont P. The thymic education of developing T cells in self neuroendocrine principles. J Endocrinol Invest 1992; 15: 621-629.
Geenen V, Kroemer G. Multiple ways to cellular immune tolerance. Immunol Today 1993; 14: 573-575.
Dustin ML, Springer TA. Role of lymphocyte adhesion receptors in transient interactions and cell locomotion. Anna Rev Immunol 1991; 9: 27-66.
Ritter MA, Rozing J, Schuurman HJ. The true function of the thymus? Immunol Today 1988; 9: 189-193.
MacDonald HR, Glasebrook AL, Schneider R, Lees RL, Pircher H, Pedrazzini T, Kanagawa O, Nicolas JF, Howe RC, Zinkernagel RM, Hengartner H. T cell reactivity and tolerance to MIsd-encoded antigens. Immunol Rev 1989; 10, 7: 89-108.
Von Boehmer H. The developmental biology of T lymphocytes. Annu Rev Immunol 1989; 6: 309-326.
Sprent J, Webb S. Can self/nonself discrimination be explained entirely by clonal deletion? Res Immunol 1992: 14, 3: 285-287.
Nikolic-Zugic J. Phenotypic and functional stages in the intrathymic development of αβT cells. Imnunol Today 1991;12: 65-70.
Hogquist KA, Jameson SC, Bevan MJ. The ligand for positive selection of T lymphocytes in the thymus. Curr Opin Immunol 1994; 6: 273-278.
von Boehmer H. Thymic selection: a matter of life and death. Immunol Today 1992; 13: 454-458.
Anderson G, Owen JT, Moore NC, Jenkinson EJ. Thymic epithelial cells provide unique signals for positive selection of CD4+ CDS + thymocytes in vitro. J Exp Med 1994; 179: 2027-2031.
Hugo P, Kappler JW, Godfrey DI, Marrack PC. Thymic epithelial cell lines that mediate positive selection can also induce thymocyte clonal deletion. J Immunol 1994; 152: 1022-1031.
Ashton-Rickardt PG, Tonegawa S. A differential-avidity model for T-cell selection. Immunol Today 1994; 15: 362-366.
Sebzda E, Wallace VA, Mayer J, Young RSM, Mak T, Ohashi PS. Positive and negative thymocyte selection induced by different concentrations of a single peptide. Science 1994; 263: 1615-1618.
Sykulev Y, Brunmark A, Tsomides TJ, Kageyama S, Jackson M, Peterson PA, Eisen HN. High-affinity reactions between antigenic-specifie T-cell receptors and peptides associated with allogeneic and syngeneic major histocompatibility complex class I proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994; 91: 11487-11491.
Allen PM. Peptides in positive and negative selection: a delicate balance. Cell 1994; 76: 593-596.
Worms G, Knotz HP. Le Thymus: Anatomie, Histologie et Physiologie Clinique. Paris: Masson et Cie, 1935.
Cordier AC, Haumont SM. Development of thymus, parathyroids, and ultimobranchial bodies in NMRI and nude mice. Am J Anat 1980; 157: 227-263.
von Gaudecker B. Functional histology of the human thymus. Anat Embryol 1991; 183: 1-15.
Bockman DE, Kirby ML. Dependence of thymus development on derivatives of the neural crest. Science 1984; 223: 498-500.
Couly G, Lagrue A, Griscelli C. Le syndrome de DiGeorge, neurocristopathie rhombencéphalique exemplaire. Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac 1983; 84: 103-108.
Chisaka O, Capecchi MR. Regionally restricted developmental defects resulting from targeted disruption of the mouse homeobox gene hox-1.5. Nature 1991; 350: 473-479.
Wekerle H, Ketelsen UP. Thymic nurse cells-Ia-bearing epithelium involved in T lymphocyte differentiation? Nature 1980; 283: 402-404.
Brelinska R, Warchol JB. Thymic nurse cells: their functional ultrastructure. Microsc Res Tech 1997; 38: 250-266.
Pircher H, Brduscha K, Steinhoff U, Kasai M, Mizuochi T, Zinkernagel RM, Hengartner H, Kyewski B, Muller KP. Tolerance induction by clonal deletion of CD4+ 8+ thymocytes in vitro does not require dedicated antigen presenting cells. Eur J Immunol 1993; 23: 669-674.
Penninger J, Rieker T, Romani N, Klima J, Salvenmoser W, Dietrich H, Stössel H, Wick G. Ultrastructural analysis of thymic nurse cell epithelium. Eur J Immunol 1993; 24: 222-228.
Schuurman HJ, Van de Wijngaert FP, Huber J, Schuurman RKB, Zegers BJM, Roord JJ, Kater L. The thymus in 'bare lymphocyte' syndrome: significance of expression of major histocompatibility complex antigens on thymic epithelial cells in intrathymic T-cell maturation. Hum Immunol 1985; 13: 69-82.
Gregoire C. Recherches sur la symbiose lymphoépithéliale au niveau du thymus de Mammifère. Arch Biol 1935; 46: 717-731.
Spangrude GJ, Heimfeld S, Weissman IL. Purification and characterization of mouse hematopoietic stem cells. Science 1988; 241: 58-61.
Ott I, Scott JC. The galactogogue action of the thymus and corpus luteurn. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1910; 8: 49.
Geenen V, Legros JJ, Franchimont P, Baudrihaye M, Defresne MP, Boniver J. The neuroendocrine thymus: coexistence of oxytocin and neurophysin in the human thymus. Science 1986; 232: 508-511.
Milan J, Barbijeri M, Kovacevic D, Arambasic M, Kartaljevic G, Natalie D, Pazin S. Identification of neuroendocrine oxytocic activity of the human fetal thymus. Thymus 1990; 15: 181-185.
Geenen V, Legros JJ, Franchimont P, Defresne MP, Boniver J, Ivell R, Richter D. The thymus as a neuroendocrine organ. Synthesis of vasopressin and oxytocin in human thymic epithelium. Ann NY Acad Sci 1987; 496: 56-66.
Markwick AJ, Lolait SJ, Funder JW. Immunoreactive arginine vasopressin in the rat thymus. Endocrinology 1986; 119: 1060-1064.
Argiolas A, Gessa GL, Melis MR, Stancampiano R, Vaccari A. Effects of neonatal and adult thyroid dysfunction on thymic oxytocin. Neuroendocrinology 1990; 52: 556-559.
Melis MR, Mauri A, Argiolas A. Opposite changes in the content of oxytocin- and vasopressin-like immunoreactivc peptides in the rat thymus during aging. Regul Pept 1995; 5, 9: 335-340.
Geenen V, Vandersmissen E, Martens H, Goxe B, Kecha O, Legros JJ, Lefèbvre PJ, Benhida A, Rentier-Delrue F, Martial JA. Cellular and molecular aspects of thymic T-cell education to neurohypophysial principles. In: Saito T, Kurokawa K, Yoshida S, eds. Neurohypophysis: Recent Progress in Vasopressin and Oxytocin Research. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1995: 309-319.
Geenen V, Robert F, Martens H, Benhida A, Degiovanni G, Defresne MP, Boniver J, Legros JJ, Martial J, Franchimont P. At the Cutting Edge. Biosynthesis and paracrine cryptocrine actions of 'self neurohypophysial-related peptides in the thymus. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1991; 76: C27-C31.
Lopes da Silva S, Van Helvoort A, Burbach JPH. The human vasopressin oxytocin gene family: no evidence for additional neurophysin-relaled genes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1993; 98: 61-66.
Moll UM, Lane BL, Robert F, Geenen V, Legros JJ. The neuroendocrine thymus: abundant occurrence of oxytocin-, vasopressin-, and neurophysin-like peptides in epithelial cells. Histochemistry 1988; 89: 385-390.
Robert F, Geenen V, Schoenen J, Burgeon E, De Groote D, Defresne MP, Legros JJ, Franchimont P. Colocalization of immunoreactive oxytocin, vasopressin and interleukin-1 in human thymic epithelial neuroendocrine cells. Brain Behav Immun 1991; 5: 102-115.
Jessop DS, Murphy D, Larsen P. 1 Thymic vasopressin (AVP) transgene expression in rats: a model for the study of thymic AVP hyperexpression in T cell differentiation. J Neuroimmunol 1995; 62: 85-90.
Geenen V, Defresne MP, Robert F, Legros JJ, Franchimont P, Boniver J. The neurohormonal thymic microenvironment: immunocytochemical evidence that thymic nurse cells are neuroendocrine cells. Neuroendocrinology 1988; 47: 365-368.
Wiemann M, Ehret G. Subcellular localization of immunoreactive oxytocin within thymic epithelial cells of the male mouse. Cell Tissue Res 1993; 273: 79-87.
Kumamoto K, Matsuura T, Amagai T, Kawata M. Oxytocin-producing and vasopressin-producing eosinophils in the mouse spleen: immunohistochemical, immuno-electron-microscopic and in situ hybridization studies. Cell Tissue Res 1995; 281: 1-10.
Webb SR, Spent J. Tolerogenicity of thymic epithelium. Eur J Immunol 1990; 20: 2525-2528.
Lorenz RG, Allen PM. Thymic cortical epithelial cells can present self-antigens in vivo. Nature 1989; 337: 560-562.
Reba SN, Malissen B. Structural and genetic analyses of HLA class I molecules using monoclonal xenoamibodies. Tissue Antigens 1983; 22: 107-117.
Geenen V, Vandersmissen E, Cormann-Goffin N, Martens H, Legros JJ, Degiovanni G, Benhida A, Martial J, Franchimont P. Membrane translocation and relationship with MHC class I of a human thymic neurophysin-like protein. Thymus 1993; 22: 55-66.
Rosenbaum LC, Neuwelt EA, Van Tol HHM, Peng Loh Y, Verbalis J, Hellström I, Hellstrom KE, Nilaver G. Expression of neurophysin-related precursor in cell membranes of a small-cell lung carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990; 87: 9928-9932.
North WG, Yu X. Forms of neurohypophysial peptides generated by tumors, and factors regulating their expression. Regul Pept 1993; 4, 5: 209-16.
Griffin GH, Alazard R, Cohen P. Complex formation between bovine neurophysin-1 and oxytocin, vasopressin and tripeptide analogs of their NH2-terminal region. J Biol Chem 1973; 248: 7975-7978.
Maryanski JL, Romero P, Van Pel A, Boon T, Salemme FR. Cerrottini JC, Corradin G. The identification of tyrosine as a common key residue in unrelated H-2Kd restricted antigenic peptides. Int Immunol 1991; 3: 1035-1042.
Simpson E, Robinson PJ, Chandler P, Millrain MM, Pircher HP, Briindle D, Tomlinson P, Antoniou J, Mellor A. Separation of thymic education from antigen presenting functions of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. Immunology 1994; 8, 1: 132-136.
Porcelli SA, Modlin RL. CDI and the expanding universe of T cell antigens. J Immunol 1995; 155: 3709-3710.
Martens H, Malgrange B, Robert F, Charlet C, De Groote D, Heymann D, Godard A, Soulillou JP, Moonen G, Geenen V. Cytokine production by human thymic epithelial cells: control by the immune recognition of the neurohypophysial self-antigen. Regul Pept 1996; 67: 39-45.
Elands J, Resink A, De Kloet ER. Oxytocin receptors in the rat thymic gland. Eur J Pharmacol 1988; 151: 345-351.
Elands J, Resink A, De Kloet ER. Neurohypophysial hormone receptors in the rat thymus, spleen and lymphocytes. Endocrinology 1990; 126: 2703-2710.
Martens H, Robert F, Legros JJ, Geenen V, Franchimont P. Expression of functional neurohypophysial peptide receptors by immature and cytotoxic T-cell lines. Prog Neuro Endocrin Immunol 1992; 5: 31-39.
Torres BA, Johnson HM. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) replacement of helper cell requirement in IFNγ production. Evidence for a novel AVP receptor on mouse lymphocytes. J Immunol 1988; 81: 132-136.
Caldwell JD, Walker CA, Noonan LR, Jirikowski GE, Peterson G, Pedersen CA, Mason GA. Changes in thymic oxytocin receptors during early development and in steroid-treated adult rats. Prog Neuro Endocrin Immunol 1991; 4: 223-233.
Lolait SJ, O'Carroll AM, Mahan LC, Felder CC, Button DC, Young WS, 3rd Mezey E, Brownstein MJ. Extrapituitary expression of the rat V1b vasopressin receptor gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995; 92: 6783-6787.
Gould B, Loertscher R, Zingg HH. Oxytocin receptor gene expression in mouse thymocytes. In: Proceedings of the Eightieth Annual Meeting of the Endocrinological Society 1998: 588.
Whitfield JF, Perris AD, Youdale T. The calcium-mediated promotion of mitotic activity in rat thymocyte populations by growth hormone, neurohormones, parathyrold hormone and prolactin. J Cell Physiol 1969; 73: 203-209.
Goren HJ, Okabe T, Lederis K, Hollenberg MD. Oxytocin stimulates glucose oxidation in rat thymocytes. Proc West Pharmacol Soc 1984; 27:461-463.
Martens H, Kecha O, Charlet-Renard C, Defresne MP, Geenen V. Neurohypophysial peptides stimulate the phosphorylation of pre-T cells focal adhesion kinases. Neuroendocrinology 1998; 67: 282-289.
Geenen V, Martens H, Robert F, Vrindts-Gevaert Y, De Groote D, Franchimont P. Immunomodulatory properties of cyclic hexapeptide oxytocin antagonists. Thymus 1992; 20: 217-226.
Sundler F, Carraway RE, Hakanson R, Alumets J, Dubois MP. Immunoreactive neurotensin and somatostatin in the chicken thymus. A chemical and histochemical study. Cell Tissue Res 1978; 194: 367-376.
Vanneste Y, Ntodou Thome A, Vandersmissen E, Charlet C, Franchimont D, Martens H, Lhiaubet AM, Schimpff RM, Rostène W, Geenen V. Identification of neurotensin-related peptides in human thymic epithelial cell membranes and relationship with major histocompatibility complex class 1 molecules. J Neuroimmunol 1997; 76: 161-166.
Ericsson A, Geenen V, Robert F, Legros JJ, Vrindts-Gevaert Y, Franchimont P, Brene S, Persson H. Expression of preprotachykinin A and neuropeptide-Y messenger RNA in the thymus. Mol Endocrinol 1990: 4: 1211-1218.
Söder O, Hellström PM. The tachykinins neurokinin A and physalaemin stimulate murine thymocyte proliferation. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 1989; 90: 91-96.
Geppetti P, Theodorsson-Norheim E, Ballerini G, Alessandri M, Maggi CA, Santicioli P, Amenta F, Fanciullacci M. Capsaicin-sensitive tachykinin-like immunoreactivity in the thymus of rats and guinea pigs. J Neuroimmunol 1988; 19: 3-9.
Shigemalsu K, Saavedra JM, Kurihara M. Specific substance P binding sites in rat thymus and spleen: in vitro autoradiographic study. Regul Pept 1986; 16: 147-56.
Vollmar AM, Schulz R. Atrial natriuretic peptide is synthesized in the human thymus. Endocrinology 1990; 126: 2227-2281.
Vollmar AM, Wolf R, Schulz R. Co-expression of the natriuretic peptides (ANP, BNP, CNP) and their receptors in normal and acutely involuted rat thymus. J Neuroimmunol 1995; 57: 117-127.
Vollmar AM. Influence of atrial natriuretic peptide on thymocyte development in fetal thymic organ culture. J Neuroimmunol 1997; 78: 90-96.
Batanero E, De Lecuw FE, Jansen GH, Van Wicken DF, Huber J, Schuurman HJ. The neural and neuroendocrine component of the human thymus. Brain Behav Immun 1992; 6: 249-264.
Martin-Fontecha A, Broekhuizen R, De Heer C, Zapata A, Schuurman HJ. The neuroendocrine component of the rat thymus: studies on cultured thymic fragments before and after transplantation in congenitally athymic and euthymic rats. Brain Behav Immun 1993; 7: 1-15.
Pansky B, House EL, Cole LA. An insulin-like thymic factor. A preliminary report. Diabetes 1965; 14: 325-332.
Geenen V, Achour I, Robert F, Vandersmissen E, Sodoyez JC, Defresne MP, Boniver J, Lefëbvre PJ, Franchimont P. Evidence that insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) is the dominant thymic peptide of the insulin superfamily. Thymus 1993; 21: 115-27.
Sodoyez JC, Koch M, Lemaire I, Sodoyez-Goffaux F, Rapaille A, François-Gérard C, Sondag D. Influence of the affinity of antibodies upon their detection by liquid phase radiobinding assay and solid phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: demonstration using monoclonal antibodies raised against rDNA human proinsulin. Diabetologia 1991; 34: 463-468.
Arkins S, Rebeiz N, Biragyn A, Reese DL, Kelley KW, Murine macrophages express abundant insulin-like growth factor-I Ea and Eb transcripts. Endocrinology 1993; 133: 2334-2343.
Arkins S, Rebeiz N, Brunke-Reese DL, Biragyn A, Kelley KW. Interferon-gamma inhibits macrophage insulin-like growth factor-I synthesis at the transcriptional level. Mol Endocrinol 1995; 9: 350-360.
Arkins S, Rebeiz N, Brunke-Reese DL, Minshall C, Kelley KW. The colony stimulating factors induce expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 messenger ribonucleic acid during hematopoicsis. Endocrinology 1995; 136: 1153-1160.
Kecha O, Achour I, Hodzic D, Goxe B, Winkler R, Geenen V, ICE-11 expression in the human thymus. In: The Proceedings of the Tenth International Congress of Endocrinology 1996: 659.
Kecha O, Achour I, Martens H, Winkler R, Lefëbvre PJ, Geenen V. Characterization of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis in the human thymus. In: The Proceedings of the Seventy-ninth Annual Meeting of the Endocrinology Society 1997: 263.
van Buul-Offers SC, de Haan K, Reijnen-Gresnigt MG, Meinsma D, Jansen M, Oei SL, Bonte EJ, Sussenbach JS, Van den Brande JL. Overexpression of human insulin-like growth factor II in transgenic mice causes increased growth of the thymus. J Endocrinol 1995; 144: 491-502.
Zapf J, Hauri C, Waldvogel M, Froesch ER. Acute metabolic effects and half-lives of intravenously administered insulin-like growth factors I and II in normal and hypophysectomized rats. J Clin Invest 1986; 77: 1768-1775.
Jolicœur C, Hanahan D, Smith KM. T-cell tolerance toward a transgenic β-cell antigen and transcription of endogenous pancreatic genes in the thymus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994; 91: 6707-6711.
Vafiadis P, Bennett ST, Todd JA, Nadeau J, Grabs R, Goodyear CG, Wickramasinghe S, Colle H, Polychronakos C. Insulin expression in human thymus is modulated by INS VNTR allcles at the IDDM2 locus. Nature Genet 1997; 15: 289-292.
Pugliese AA, Zeller M, Fernandez Mr Zalcberg U, Bartlett RJ, Ricordi C, Pietropaolo M, Eisenbarth GS, Bennett SJ, Patel DD. The insulin gene is transcribed in the human thymus and transcription levels correlate with allclic variation at INS VNTR-IDDM2 susceptibility locus for type 1 diabetes, Nature Gent 1997; 15: 293-297.
Verland S, Gammeltoft S. Functional receptors for insulin-like growth factors I and II in rat thymocytes and mouse thymoma cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1989; 67: 207-216.
Kozak RW, Hassell JF, Greenstein LA, Rechler MM, Waldmann TA, Nissley SP. Type 1 and 2 insulin-like growth factor receptors on human phytohemagglutinin-activated lymphocytes. Cell Immunol 1987; 109: 318-331.
Johnson EW, Jones LA, Kozak RW. Expression and function of insulin-like growth factor receptors on anti-CD3-activated human T lymphocytes. J Immunol 1992; 148: 63-71.
Kooijman R, Scholtens LE, Rijkers; GT, Zegers BJM. Differential expression of type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptors in different stages of human T cells. Eur J Immunol 1995; 25: 931-5.
Kooijman R, van Buul-Offers SC, Scholtens LE, Schuurman HJ, Van den Brande JL, Zegers BJM. T cell development in insulin-like growth factor-II transgenic mice. J Immunol 1995; 154: 5736-45.
Goxe B, Martens H, Vandersmissen E, Achour I, Kecha O, Geenen V. Interactions entre les cellules T et la famille insulinique: étude du récepteur de l'IGF-II. Ann Endocrinol 1995; 56: 399.
Kecha O, Winkler R, Grelmers R, Charlet C, Martens H, Defresne MP, Boniver J, Plum J, De Smedt M, Geenen V. Thymic IGF-2 and T-cell lymphopoiesis in the murine fetal thymus. In: The Proceedings of the Eightieth Annual Meeting of the Endocrinology Society 1998: 573.
Martens H, Goxe B, Geenen V. The thymic repertoire of neuroendocrine-related self-antigens: physiological implications in T-cell life and death. Immunol Today 1996; 17: 312-317.
Gammon G, Sercazz E. How some T cells escape tolerance induction. Nature 1989; 342: 183-185.
Adorini L, Appella E, Doria G, Nagy ZA. Mechanisms influencing the immunodominance of T cell determinants. J Exp Med 1988; 168: 2091-2104.
Cabaniols JP, Cibotti R, Kourilsky P, Kosmatopoulos K, Kanellopoulos J. Dose-dependent T cell tolerance to an immunodominant self peptide. Eur J Immunol 1994; 24: 1743-1749.
Carraway RE, Ruane SE, Kim HR. Distribution and immunochemical character of neurotensin-like material in representative vertebrates and invertebrates: apparent conservation of the COOH-terminal region during evolution. Peptides 1982; 3: 115-123.
Clemmons DR, Busby WH, Arai T, Nam TJ, Clarke JB, Jones A, Ankrapp DK. Role of insulin-like grow factor binding proteins in the control of IGF actions. Prag Growth Factor Res 1995; 6: 357-366.
Kelley KM, Oh Y, Gargosky SE, Gucev Z, Matsumoto T, Hwa V, Ng L, Simpson DM, Rosenfeld RG. Insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (I0FBPs) and their regulatory dynamics. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 1996; 6: 619-637.
Geenen V, Wiemann M, Martens H. Thymus gland: neuroendocrine-immunology. In: Adelman G,Smith B, eds. Encyclopedia of Neuroscience on CD-ROM, 2nd edn. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1997:
Capra JD, Walter R. Primary structure and evolution of neurophysins. Ann NY Acad Sci 1975; 248: 397-407.
Like AA, Kislaukis E, Williams RM, Rossim AA. Neonatal thymectomy prevents spontaneous diabetes mellitus in the BB.W rat. Science 1982; 216: 644-646.
Newsom-Davis J. Myasthenia gravis. Med Int 1987; 48: 1988-1991.
Georgiou HM, Bellgrau D. Thymus transplantation and disease prevention in the diabetes-prone Bio-Breeding rat. J Immunol 1989; 142: 3400-3405.
Georgiou HM, Mandel TE. Induction of insulitis in athymic (nude) mice: the effect of NOD thymus and pancreas transplantation. Diabetes 1995; 44: 49-59.
Hosaka N, Nose M, Kyogoku M, Nagata N, Miyashima S, Good RA, Ikehara S. Thymus transplantation, a critical factor for correction of autoimmune disease in aging MRL+ mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996; 93: 8558-8562.
Thomas-Vaslin V, Damotte D, Coltey M, Le Douarin NM, Coutinho A, Salaün J. Abnormal T cell selection on nod thymic epithelium is sufficient to induce autoimmune manifestations in C57BL/6 athymic nude mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997; 94: 4598-4603.
Savino W, Carnaud C, Luan JJ, Bach JF, Dardenne M. Characterization of the extracellular matrix-containing giant perivascular spaces in the NOD mouse thymus. Diabetes 1993; 42: 134-140.
Doukas J, Mordes JP, Swymer C, Niedzwiecki D, Mason R, Rozing J, Rossini AA, Greiner DL. Thymic epithelial defects and predisposition to autoimmune diabetes in BB rats. Am J Pathol 1994; 145: 1517-1525.
Geenen V, Achour I, Kecha O, Greiner DL, Rossini AA, Lefèbvre PJ. Thymic insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) in man and in an animal model of autoimmune IDDM. Diabetologia 1996; 39 (Suppl 1): A15.
Atkinson MA, Maclaren NK. The pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1994; 331: 1428-1436.
Conrad B, Weidmann E, Trucco G, Rudert WA, Behboo R, Ricordi C, Rodriquez-Rilo H, Finegold D, Trucco M. Evidence for superantigen involvement in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus aetiology. Nature 1994; 371: 351-355.
Scherbaum WA, Bottazzo GR. Autoantibodies to vasopressin cells in idiopathic diabetes insipidus: evidence for an autoimmune variant. Lancet 1983; 1: 897-901.
Imura H, Nakao K, Shimatsu A, Ogawa Y, Sando T, Fujisawa I, Yamabe H. Lymphocytic infundibuloneurohypophysitis as a cause of central diabetes insipidus. N Engl J Med 1993; 329: 683-689.
Cau P, Rougon-Capuzzi G. Autoimmune alterations in the neurohypophysis of rabbits immunized against vasopressin. Brain Res 1979; 177: 265-271.
Simone EA, Yu L, Wegmann DR, Eisenbarth GS. T cell receptor gene polymorphisms associated with anti-insulin, autoimmune T cells in diabetes-prone NOD mice. J Autoimmun 1997; 10: 317-321.
Daniel D, Gill RG, Schloot N, Wegmann DR. Epitope specificity, cytokine production profile and diabetogenic activity of insulin-specific T cell clones isolated from NOD mice. Eur J Immunol 1995; 25: 1056-1062.
Zhang ZJ, Davidson L, Eisenbarth GS, Weiner HL. Suppression of diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice by oral administration of porcine insulin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991; 88: 10252-10256.
Daniel D, Wegmann DR. Protection of nonobese diabetic mice from diabetes by intranasal or subcutaneous administration of insulin peptide B-(9 23). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996; 93: 956-960.
Blanas E, Carbone FR, Allison J, Miller JFAP, Heath WR. Induction of auto immune diabetes by oral administration of autoantigen. Science 1996; 274: 1707-1709.
Toes RM, Offringa R, Blom RJJ, Melief CJM, Kast WM. Peptide vaccination can lead to enhanced tumor growth through specific T-cell tolerance induction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996; 93: 7855-7860.
Lee LA, Gritsch HA, Sergio JJ, Am JS, Glaser RM, Sablinski T, Sachs DH, Sykes M. Specific tolerance across a discordant xenogeneic transplantation barrier. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994; 91: 10864-10867.
Lambrigts D, Franssen C, Martens H, Van Calsler P, Meurisse M, Geenen V, Charlet-Renard C, Dewaele A, Coignoul F, Lamy M, Alexandre GPJ. Development of thymus autografts under the kidney capsule in the pig: a new 'organ' for xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation 1996; 3: 296-303.
Kramer S, Reynolds FFI, Jr Castillo M, Valenzuela DM, Thorikay M, Sorvillo JM. Immunological identification and distribution of parathyroid hormone-like protein polypeptide in normal and malignant tissues. Endocrinology 1991; 128: 1927-1937.
Bulloch K, McEwen BS, Diwa A, Baird S. Relationship between dehydroepiandrosterone and calcitonin gene-related peptide in the mouse thymus. Am J Physiol 1995; 268: E168-E173.
Plum J, De Smedt M, Leclercq G, Vandekerkhove B. Influence of TGFβ on murine thymocyte development in fetal thymus organ culture. J Immunol 1995; 154: 5789-5798.