[en] This work indicates that, under physiological conditions of flow, both adhesive receptors GPIb and alphaIIbbeta3 facilitate GPVI-mediated PS exposure by stabilizing platelet binding to collagen. Hence, these glycoproteins have an assistant procoagulant role in collagen-dependent thrombus formation, which is most prominent at reduced GPVI activity and is independent of the presence of thrombin.
Andrews RK, Gardiner EE, Shen Y, Whisstock JC & Berndt MC (2003). Glycoprotein Ib-IX-V. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 3, 1170-1174.
Ary AM, Lopez JA, Romo GM, Cruz MA, Kasirer-Friede A, Shattil SJ & Anvari B (2003). Glycoprotein Ib-IX-mediated activation of integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3): effects of receptor clustering and von Willebrand factor adhesion. J Thromb Haemost 1, 1150-1157.
Atkinson BT, Jarvis GE & Watson SP (2003). Activation of GPVI by collagen is regulated by α1β2 and secondary mediators. J Thromb Haemost 1, 1278-1287.
Baird TR & Walsh PN (2002). The interaction of factor XIa with activated platelets but not endothelial cells promotes the activation of factor IX in the consolidation phase of blood coagulation. J Biol Chem 277, 38462-38467.
Barnes CS, Krafft B, Frech M, Hofmann UR, Papendieck A, Dahlems U, Gellissen G & Hoylaerts MF (2001). Production and characterization of saratin, an inhibitor of von Willebrand factor-dependent platelet adhesion to collagen. Semin Thromb Hemost 27, 337-348.
Béguin S & Kumar R (1997). Thrombin, fibrin and platelets, a resonance loop in which von Willebrand factor is a necessary link. Thromb Haemost 78, 590-594.
Béguin S, Kumar R, Keularts I, Seligsohn U, Coller BS & Hemker HC (1999). Fibrin-dependent platelet procoagulant activity requires GPIb receptors and von Willebrand factor. Blood 93, 564-570.
Bergmeier W, Rackebrandt K, Schroder W, Zirngibl H & Nieswandt B (2000). Structural and functional characterization of the mouse von Willebrand factor receptor GPIb-IX with novel monoclonal antibodies. Blood 95, 886-893.
Bergmeier W, Schulte V, Brockhoff G, Bier U, Zirngibl H & Nieswandt B (2002). Flow cytometric detection of activated mouse integrin αIIbβ3 with a novel monoclonal antibody. Cytometry 48, 80-86.
Best D, Senis YA, Jarvis GE, Eagleton HJ, Roberts DJ, Saito T, Jung SM, Moroi M, Harrison P, Green FR & Watson SP (2003). GPVI levels in platelets: relationship to platelet function at high shear. Blood 102, 2811-2818.
Bevers EM, Comfurius P, van Rijn JLML, Hemker HC & Zwaal RFA (1982). Generation of prothrombin-converting activity and the exposure of phosphatidylserine at the outer surface of platelets. Eur J Biochem 122, 429-436.
Canobbio I, Bertoni A, Lova P, Paganini S, Hirsch E, Sinigaglia F, Balduini C & Torti M (2001). Platelet activation by von Willebrand factor requires coordinated signaling through thromboxane A2 and FcγIIA receptor. J Biol Chem 276, 26022-26029.
Chen H & Kahn ML (2003). Reciprocal signaling by integrin and nonintegrin receptors during collagen activation of platelets. Mol Cell Biol 23, 4764-4777.
Chen H, Locke D, Liu Y, Liu C & Kahn ML (2002). The platelet receptor GPVI mediates both adhesion and signaling responses to collagen in a receptor density-dependent fashion. J Biol Chem 277, 3011-3019.
Falati S, Edmead CE & Poole AW (1999). Glycoprotein Ib-V-IX, a receptor for von Willebrand factor, couples physically and functionally to the Fc receptor gamma-chain, fyn, and lyn to activate human platelets. Blood 94, 1648-1656.
Gibbins JM, Okuma M, Farndale R, Barnes M & Watson SP (1997). Glycoprotein VI is the collagen receptor in platelets which underlies tyrosine phosphorylation of the Fc receptor γ-chain. FEBS Lett 413, 255-259.
Goto S, Tamura N, Handa S, Arai M, Kodama K & Takayama H (2002). Involvement of glycoprotein VI in platelet thrombus formation on both collagen and von Willebrand factor surfaces under flow conditions. Circulation 106, 266-272.
Grüner S, Prostredna M, Schulte V, Krieg T, Eckes B, Brakebusch C & Nieswandt B (2003). Multiple integrin-ligand interactions synergize in shear-resistant platelet adhesion at sites of arterial injury in vivo. Blood 102, 4021-4027.
Heemskerk JWM, Bevers EM & Lindhout T (2002). Platelet activation and blood coagulation. Thromb Haemost 88, 186-193.
Heemskerk JWM, Feijge MAH, Sage SO & Walter U (1994). Indirect regulation of Ca2+ entry by cAMP-dependent and cGMP-dependent protein kinases and phospholipase C in rat platelets. Eur J Biochem 223, 543-551.
Heemskerk JWM, Siljander P, Vuist WMJ, Breikers G, Reutelingsperger CPM, Barnes MJ, Knight CG, Lassila R & Farndale RW (1999). Function of glycoprotein VI and integrin α 2β1 in the procoagulant response of single, collagen-adherent platelets. Thromb Haemost 81, 78-92.
Heemskerk JWM, Vuist WMJ, Feijge MAH, Reutelingsperger CPM & Lindhout T (1997). Collagen but not fibrinogen surfaces induce bleb formation, exposure of phosphatidylserine, and procoagulant activity of adherent platelets. Blood 90, 2615-2625.
Heemskerk JWM, Willems GM, Rook MB & Sage SO (2001). Ragged spiking of free calcium in ADP-stimulated human platelets: regulation of puff-like calcium signals in vitro and ex vivo. J Physiol 535, 625-635.
Huizinga EG, Tsuji S, Romijn RAP, Schiphorst ME, de Groot PG, Sixma JJ & Gros P (2002). Structures of glycoprotein Iba and its complex with von Willebrand factor A1 domain. Science 297, 1176-1179.
Inoue O, Suzuki-Inoue K, Dean WL, Frampton J & Watson SP (2003). Integrin α2β1 mediates outside-in regulation of platelet spreading on collagen through activation of Src kinases and PLCγ2. J Cell Biol 160, 769-780.
Joutsi-Korhonen L, Smethurst PA, Rankin A, Gray E, IJsseldijk M, Onley CM, Watkins NA, Williamson LM, Goodall AH, de Groot PG, Farndale RW & Ouwehand WH (2003). The low-frequency allele of the platelet collagen signaling receptor glycoprotein VI is associated with reduced functional responses and expression. Blood 101, 4372-4379.
Jung SM & Moroi M (2000). Activation of the platelet collagen receptor integrin α2β1. Trends Cardiovasc Med 10, 285-292.
Jung SM & Moroi M (2001). Platelet collagen receptor integrin α2β1 activation involves differential participation of ADP-receptor subtypes P2Y1 and P2Y12 but not intracellular calcium change. Eur J Biochem 268, 3513-3522.
Jurk K, Clemetson KJ, de Groot PG, Brodde MF, Steiner M, Savion N, Varon D, Sixma JJ, van Aken H & Kehrel BE (2003). Thrombospondin-1 mediates platelet adhesion at high shear via glycoprotein Ib (GPIb): an alternative/backup mechanism to von Willebrand factor. FASEB J 17, 1490-1492.
Kato K, Kanaji T, Russell S, Kunicki TJ, Furihata K, Kanaji S, Marchese P, Reininger A, Ruggeri ZM & Ware J (2003). The contribution of glycoprotein VI to stable platelet adhesion and thrombus formation illustrated by targeted gene deletion. Blood 102, 1701-1707.
Keuren JF, Ulrichts H, Feijge MAH, Hamulyak K, Deckmyn H, Lindhout T & Heemskerk JWM (2003). Integrin α IIbβ3 and shear-dependent action of glycoprotein Ibα stimulate platelet-dependent thrombin formation in stirred plasma. J Laboratory Clin Med 141, 350-358.
Kuijpers MJE, Schulte V, Bergmeier W, Lindhout T, Brakebusch C, Offermanns S, Fässler R, Heemskerk JWM & Nieswandt B (2003). Complementary roles of glycoprotein VI and α1β 2 integrin in collagen-induced thrombus formation in flowing whole blood ex vivo. FASEB J 17, 685-687.
Mangin P, Yuan Y, Goncalves I, Eckly A, Freund M, Cazenave JP, Gachet C, Jackson SP & Lanza F (2003). Signaling role for phospholipase Cγ2 in platelet glycoprotein Ibα calcium flux and cytoskeletal reorganization. J Biol Chem 278, 32880-32891.
Massberg S, Gawaz M, Grüner S, Schulte V, Konrad I, Zohlnhofer D, Heinzmann U & Nieswandt B (2003). A crucial role of glycoprotein VI for platelet recruitment to the injured arterial wall in vivo. J Exp Med 197, 41-49.
Mazzucato M, Pradella P, Cozzi MR, De Marco L & Ruggeri ZM (2002). Sequential cytoplasmic calcium signals in a 2-stage platelet activation process induced by the glycoprotein Ibα mechanoreceptor. Blood 100, 2793-2800.
Nesbitt WS, Kulkarni S, Giuliano S, Goncalves I, Dopheide SM, Yap CL, Harper IS, Salem HH & Jackson SP (2002). Distinct glycoprotein Ib/V/IX and integrin αIIbβ 3-dependent calcium signals cooperatively regulate platelet adhesion under flow. J Biol Chem 277, 2965-2972.
Nieswandt B, Bergmeier W, Schulte V, Rackebrandt K, Gessner JE & Zirngibl H (2000). Expression and function of the mouse collagen receptor glycoprotein VI is strictly dependent on its association with the FcRγ chain. J Biol Chem 275, 23998-234002.
Nieswandt B, Brakebusch C, Bergmeier W, Schulte V, Bouvard D, Mokhtari-Nejad R, Lindhout T, Heemskerk JWM, Zirngibl H & Fä ssler R (2001a). Glycoprotein VI but not α1β 2 integrin is essential for platelet interaction with collagen. EMBO J 20, 2120-2130.
Nieswandt B, Schulte V, Bergmeier W, Mokhtari-Nejad R, Rackebrandt K, Cazenave JP, Ohlmann P, Gachet C & Zirngibl H (2001b). Long-term antithrombotic protection by in vivo depletion of platelet glycoprotein VI in mice. J Exp Med 193, 459-469.
Nieswandt B & Watson SP (2003). Platelet collagen interaction: is GPVI the central receptor? Blood 102, 449-461.
Novak L, Deckmyn H, Damjanovich S & Harsfalvi J (2002). Shear-dependent morphology of von Willebrand factor bound to immobilized collagen. Blood 99, 2070-2076.
Patel D, Vaananen H, Jirouskova M, Hoffmann T, Bodian C & Coller BS (2003). Dynamics of GPIIb/IIIa-mediated platelet-platelet interactions in platelet adhesion/thrombus formation on collagen in vitro as revealed by videomicroscopy. Blood 101, 929-936.
Savage B, Almus-Jacobs F & Ruggeri ZM (1998). Specific synergy of multiple substrate-receptor interactions in platelet thrombus formation under flow. Cell 94, 657-666.
Savage B, Saldivar E & Ruggeri ZM (1996). Initiation of platelet adhesion by arrest onto fibrinogen or translocation on von Willebrand factor. Cell 84, 289-297.
Savage B, Sixma JJ & Ruggeri ZM (2002). Functional self association of von Willebrand factor during platelet adhesion under flow. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99, 425-430.
Snell DC, Schulte V, Jarvis GE, Arase K, Sakurai D, Saito T, Watson SP & Nieswandt B (2002). Differential effects of reduced glycoprotein VI levels on activation of murine platelets by glycoprotein VI ligands. Biochem J 368, 293-300.
Takai T, Li M, Sylvestre D, Clynes R & Ravetch JV (1994). FcRγ chain deletion results in pleiotrophic effector cell defects. Cell 76, 519-529.
Tsuji M, Ezumi Y, Arai M & Takayama H (1997). A novel association of Fc receptor γ-chain with glycoprotein VI and their co-expression as a collagen receptor in human platelets. J Biol Chem 272, 23528-23531.
Wagner DD & Burger PC (2003). Platelets in inflammation and thrombosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 23, 2131-2137.
Watson SP, Asazuma N, Atkinson B, Berlanga O, Best D, Bobe R, Jarvis G, Marshall S, Snell D, Stafford M, Tulasne D, Wilde J, Wonerow P & Frampton J (2001). The role of ITAM- and ITIM-coupled receptors in platelet activation by collagen. Thromb Haemost 86, 276-288.
Wu YP, Vink T, Schiphorst M, van Zanten GH, IJsseldijk MJW, de Groot PG & Sixma JJ (2000). Platelet thrombus formation on collagen at high shear rates is mediated by von Willebrand factor-glycoprotein Ib interaction and inhibited by von Willebrand factor-glycoprotein IIb/IIIa interaction. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 20, 1661-1667.