[en] Recent systematic studies on air-water flows have included stepped spillways. However, to date little has been investigated about how the hydraulic conditions on the stepped spillway may affect the design of traditional energy dissipation structures. In this paper, both smooth chute and stepped chute configurations terminating with USBR type III stilling basin are tested by means of numerical modelling, allowing qualitative comparison. Unsteady RANS equations have been employed altogether with VOF and RNG k-ε for free surface tracking and turbulence modeling, respectively. Eight different Froude numbers (F) ranging from 3.1 to 9.5 have been analyzed for a basin designed for F = 8, following recent studies conducted in a physical model by USBR. The basin flow structure is discussed for both smooth chute and stepped chute cases. Additionally, the modelled basin has been tested for design and adverse hydraulic conditions, obtaining a detailed insight of the role of each basin element and their adapting roles when insufficient tail water conditions exist.
Research center :
UEE - Urban and Environmental Engineering - ULiège
Amador, A., Sánchez-Juny, M., Dolz, J., Developing flow region and pressure fluctuations on steeply sloping stepped spillways (2009) Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 135 (12), pp. 1092-1100
Bombardelli, F.A., Meireles, I., Matos, J., Laboratory measurements and multi-block numerical simulations of the mean flow and turbulence in the non-aerated skimming flow region of steep stepped spillways (2011) Environmental Fluid Mechanics, 11 (3), pp. 263-288
Bradshaw, P., Launder, B.E., Lumley, J.L., Collaborative testing of turbulence models (1996) Journal of Fluids Engineering, 118 (2), pp. 243-247
Bradshaw, P., Understanding and prediction of turbulent flow-1996 (1997) International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 18 (1), pp. 45-54
Bung, D.B., Sun, Q., Meireles, I., Viseu, T., Matos, J., USBR type III stilling basin performance for steep stepped spillways (2012) Proc., 4th IAHR International Symposium on Hydraulic Structures, , 9-11 February 2012, Porto, Portugal
Carvalho, R.F., Lemos, C.M., Ramos, C.M., Numerical computation of the flow in hydraulic jump stilling basins (2008) Journal of Hydraulic Research, 46 (6), pp. 739-752
Chanson, H., (2002) The Hydraulics of Stepped Chutes and Spillways, , Balkema, Lisse, the Netherlands
Chanson, H., Development of the Bélanger equation and backwater equation by Jean-Baptiste Bélanger (1828) (2009) Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 135 (3), pp. 159-163
Chanson, H., Hydraulics of aerated flows: Qui pro quo? (2013) Journal of Hydraulic Research, 51 (3), pp. 223-243
Chanson, H., (2015) Energy Dissipation in Hydraulic Structures, , IAHR Monographs, CRC Press/Balkema, Taylor & Francis Group
Chanson, H., Brattberg, T., Experimental study of the air-water shear flow in a hydraulic jump (2000) International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 26 (4), pp. 583-607
Chanson, H., Lubin, P., Discussion on "verification and validation of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for air entrainment at spillway aerators" (2010) Can. J. Civil Eng., 37 (1), pp. 135-138
Celik, I.B., Ghia, U., Roache, P.J., Procedure for estimation and reporting of uncertainty due to discretization in CFD applications (2008) Journal of Fluids Engineering, ASME, 130 (7), pp. 1-4
Davidson, P., (2015) Turbulence: An Introduction for Scientists and Engineers, , Oxford University Press, USA
Felder, S., Chanson, H., Aeration, flow instabilities, and residual energy on pooled stepped spillways of embankment dams (2013) J. Irrig. Drain Eng., 139 (10), pp. 880-887
Frizell, K.W., Kubitschek, J.P., Matos, J., Stilling basin performance for stepped spillways of mild to steep slopes - Type III Basins (2009) Proceedings of the 33rd IAHR Congress: Water Engineering for a Sustainable Environment
Frizell, K.W., Svoboda, C.D., (2012) Performance of Type III Stilling Basins - Stepped Spillway Studies. Do Stepped Spillways Affect Traditional Design Parameters?, , U. S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, HL-2012-02
Hager, W.H., (1992) Energy Dissipators and Hydraulic Jump. Water Science and Technology Library, , Kluwer Academic Publishers
Hirsch, C., (2007) Numerical Computation of Internal and External Flows: The Fundamentals of Computational Fluid Dynamics: The Fundamentals of Computational Fluid Dynamics, , Butterworth-Heinemann
Hirt, C.W., Nichols, B.D., Volume of fluid (VOF) method for the dynamics of free boundaries (1981) Journal of Computational Physics, 39 (1), pp. 201-225
Hirt, C.W., Sicilian, J.M., A porosity technique for the definition of obstacles in rectangular cell meshes (1985) Proc., Fourth International Conf. Ship Hydro, pp. 1-19
Hunt, S.L., Kadavy, K.C., Hanson, G.J., Simplistic design methods for moderate-sloped stepped chutes (2014) Jour. of Hydr. Eng., ASCE, 140 (12), pp. 040140621-0401406215
Kawagoshi, N., Hager, W.H., B-jump in sloping channel, II (1990) Journal of Hydraulic Research, 28 (4), pp. 461-480
Matos, J., Meireles, I., Hydraulics of stepped weirs and dam spillways: Engineering challenges, labyrinths of research (2014) Proc, 5th IAHR International Symposium on Hydraulic Structures, pp. 1-30. , Chanson, H. and Toombes, L., Hydraulic structures and society - Engineering challenges and extremes, Brisbane, Australia
Meireles, I., Matos, J., Silva-Afonso, A., Flow characteristics along a USBR type III stilling basin downstream of steep stepped spillways (2010) Proc. 3rd Int. Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures, pp. 57-64. , Edinburgh, Scotland, Hydraulic Model Report, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
Meireles, I., Matos, J., Skimming flow in the nonaerated region of stepped spillways over embankment dams (2009) J. Hydraul. Eng., pp. 685-689
Oertel, M., Bung, D.B., Initial stage of two-dimensional dam-break waves: Laboratory versus VOF (2012) Journal of Hydraulic Research, 50 (1), pp. 89-97
Ohtsu, I., Yasuda, Y., Hydraulic jump in sloping channels (1991) Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 117 (7), pp. 905-921
Peterka, A.J., Hydraulic design of spillways and energy dissipators (1978) A Water Resources Technical Publication, Engineering Monograph, (25)
Pope, S.B., (2000) Turbulent Flows, , Cambridge University Press
Prosperetti, A., Tryggvason, G., (2007) Computational Methods for Multiphase Flow, , Cambridge University Press
Rajaratnam, N., (1976) Turbulent Jets, , Elsevier
Saad, Y., (2003) Iterative Methods for Sparse Linear Systems, , Siam
Shearin-Feimster, L.E., Crookston, B.M., Felder, S., Design approaches and numerical modeling of a stepped spillway under high tailwater conditions (2015) Proc. of the 35th Annual USSD Conference, , Louisville, Kentucky. CD-ROM
Slotnik, J., Khodadoust, A., Alonso, J., Darmofal, D., Gropp, W., Lurie, E., Mavriplis, D., (2014) CFD Vision 2030 Study: A Path to Revolutionary Computational Aerosciences, , NASA/CR-2014-218178
Spalart, P.R., Strategies for turbulence modelling and simulations (2000) International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 21 (3), pp. 252-263
Valero, D., García-Bartual, R., Calibration of an air entrainment model for CFD spillway applications (2016) Advances in Hydroinformatics, pp. 571-582. , Springer Singapore
Valero, D., Bung, D.B., Hybrid investigations of air transport processes in moderately sloped stepped spillway flows (2015) Proc., 36th IAHR World Congress, , 28 June - 3 July, 2015, The Hague, the Netherlands
Valero, D., García-Bartual, R., Marco, J., Optimisation of stilling basin chute blocks using a calibrated multiphase RANS model (2015) Proc, 5th International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures, , Spa, Belgium, 28-30 August, 2014
Van Leer, B., Towards the ultimate conservative difference scheme. IV. A new approach to numerical convection (1977) Journal of Computational Physics, 23 (3), pp. 276-299
Vischer, D.L., Hager, W.H., (1998) Dam Hydraulics, , Wiley Series in Water Resources Engineering
Wang, Y., Politano, M., Laughery, R., Weber, L., Model development in OpenFOAM to predict spillway jet regimes (2015) Journal of Applied Water Engineering and Research, 3 (2), pp. 80-94
Witt, A., Gulliver, J., Shen, L., Simulating air entrainment and vortex dynamics in a hydraulic jump (2015) International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 72, pp. 165-180. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2015.02.012
Yakhot, V., Orszag, S.A., Renormalization group analysis of turbulence. I. Basic theory (1986) Journal of Scientific Computing, 1 (1), pp. 3-51
Yakhot, V., Orszag, S.A., Thangam, S., Gatski, T.B., Speziale, C.G., Development of turbulence models for shear flows by a double expansion technique (1992) Physics of Fluids A: Fluid Dynamics (1989-1993), 4 (7), pp. 1510-1520
