planetary systems; planets and satellites: individual: WASP-81; WASP-53; binaries: eclipsing; brown dwarfs; planets and satellites: individual: WASP-53
Abstract :
[en] We report the detection of two new systems containing transiting planets. Both were identified by WASP as worthy transiting planet candidates. Radial velocity observations quickly verified that the photometric signals were indeed produced by two transiting hot Jupiters. Our observations also show the presence of additional Doppler signals. In addition to short-period hot Jupiters, we find that the WASP-53 and WASP-81 systems also host brown dwarfs, on fairly eccentric orbits with semimajor axes of a few astronomical units. WASP-53c is over 16 M[SUB]Jup[/SUB]sin i[SUB]c[/SUB] and WASP-81c is 57 M[SUB]Jup[/SUB]sin i[SUB]c[/SUB]. The presence of these tight, massive companions restricts theories of how the inner planets were assembled. We propose two alternative interpretations: the formation of the hot Jupiters within the snow line or the late dynamical arrival of the brown dwarfs after disc dispersal. We also attempted to measure the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect for both hot Jupiters. In the case of WASP-81b, we fail to detect a signal. For WASP-53b, we find that the planet is aligned with respect to the stellar spin axis. In addition we explore the prospect of transit-timing variations, and of using Gaia's astrometry to measure the true masses of both brown dwarfs and also their relative inclination with respect to the inner transiting hot Jupiters.
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Triaud, Amaury H. M. J.; Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève, Chemin des Maillettes 51, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland ; Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, CB3 0HA, Cambridge, United Kingdom ; Centre for Planetary Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada ; Department of Astronomy, and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H4, Canada
Neveu-VanMalle, Marion; Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève, Chemin des Maillettes 51, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland ; Cavendish Laboratory, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
Lendl, Monika; Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Schmiedlstr. 6, 8042 Graz, Austria ; Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève, Chemin des Maillettes 51, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland
Anderson, David R.; Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
Collier Cameron, Andrew; SUPA, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, KY16 9SS, St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland, UK
Delrez, Laetitia ; Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique, Université de Liège, Allée du 6 Août 17, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège 1, Belgium
Doyle, Amanda; Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
Gillon, Michaël ; Université de Liège > Département d'astrophys., géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Origines Cosmologiques et Astrophysiques (OrCa)
Hellier, Coel; Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
Jehin, Emmanuel ; Université de Liège > Département d'astrophys., géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Origines Cosmologiques et Astrophysiques (OrCa)
Maxted, Pierre F. L.; Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
Ségransan, Damien; Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève, Chemin des Maillettes 51, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland
Smalley, Barry; Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
Queloz, Didier; Cavendish Laboratory, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK ; Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève, Chemin des Maillettes 51, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland
Pollacco, Don; Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
Southworth, John; Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
Tregloan-Reed, Jeremy; SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA, 94043, USA ; Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
Udry, Stéphane; Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève, Chemin des Maillettes 51, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland
West, Richard; Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK)
Albrecht S.,Winn J. N., Butler R. P., Crane J. D., Shectman S. A., Thompson I. B., Hirano T., Wittenmyer R. A., 2012a, ApJ, 744, 189
Albrecht S. et al., 2012b, ApJ, 757, 18
Alibert Y., Mousis O., Mordasini C., Benz W., 2005, ApJ, 626, L57
Anderson D. R. et al., 2010, ApJ, 709, 159
Anderson D. R. et al., 2015, ApJ, 800, L9
Asplund M., Grevesse N., Sauval A. J., Scott P., 2009, ARA&A, 47, 481
Bakos G. Á. et al., 2009, ApJ, 707, 446
Baranne A. et al., 1996, A&AS, 119, 373
Baruteau C. et al., 2014, in Beuther H., Klessen R. S., Dullemond C. P., Henning T., eds, Protostars and Planets VI. Univ. Arizona Press, Tucson, AJ, p. 667
Batygin K., 2012, Nature, 491, 418
Batygin K., Bodenheimer P., Laughlin G., 2009, ApJ, 704, L49
Batygin K., Bodenheimer P. H., Laughlin G. P., 2016, ApJ, 829, 114
Becker J. C., Vanderburg A., Adams F. C., Rappaport S. A., Schwengeler H. M., 2015, ApJ, 812, L18
Benedict G. F.,McArthur B. E., Bean J. L., Barnes R., Harrison T. E., Hatzes A., Martioli E., Nelan E. P., 2010, AJ, 139, 1844
Buhler P. B., Knutson H. A., Batygin K., Fulton B. J., Fortney J. J., Burrows A., Wong I., 2016, ApJ, 821, 26
Casertano S. et al., 2008, A&A, 482, 699
Cébron D., Moutou C., Le Bars M., Le Gal P., Farès R., 2011, European Phys. J. Web Conf., 11, 3003
Cincotta P. M., Giordano C. M., Simó C., 2003, Phys. D: Nonlinear Phenomena, 182, 151
Claret A., 2004, A&A, 428, 1001
Collier Cameron A. et al., 2007, MNRAS, 380, 1230
D'Angelo G., Lubow S. H., Bate M. R., 2006, ApJ, 652, 1698
Dawson R. I., 2014, ApJ, 790, L31
de Bruijne J. H. J., 2012, Ap&SS, 341, 31
Deck K. M., Holman M. J., Agol E., Carter J. A., Lissauer J. J., Ragozzine D., Winn J. N., 2012, ApJ, 755, L21
Delrez L. et al., 2014, A&A, 563, A143
DENIS Consortium, 2005, VizieR Online Data Catalog, 2263, 0
Doyle A. P. et al., 2013, MNRAS, 428, 3164
Doyle A. P., Davies G. R., Smalley B., Chaplin W. J., Elsworth Y., 2014, MNRAS, 444, 3592
Droege T. F., Richmond M. W., Sallman M. P., Creager R. P., 2006, PASP, 118, 1666
Duffell P. C., Haiman Z., MacFadyen A. I., D'Orazio D. J., Farris B. D., 2014, ApJ, 792, L10
Dupuy T. J., Kratter K. M., Kraus A. L., Isaacson H., Mann A. W., Ireland M. J., Howard A. W., Huber D., 2016, ApJ, 817, 80
Dürmann C., Kley W., 2015, A&A, 574, A52
Dvorak R., 1986, A&A, 167, 379
Eastman J., Siverd R., Gaudi B. S., 2010, PASP, 122, 935
Feroz F., Balan S. T., Hobson M. P., 2011, MNRAS, 416, L104
Ford E. B., 2006, ApJ, 642, 505
Fung J., Shi J.-M., Chiang E., 2014, ApJ, 782, 88
Gaudi B. S., Winn J. N., 2007, ApJ, 655, 550
Gillon M., Jehin E., Magain P., Chantry V., Hutsemékers D., Manfroid J., Queloz D., Udry S., 2011, European Phys. J. Web Conf., 11, 6002
Gillon M. et al., 2012, A&A, 542, A4
Gillon M. et al., 2013, A&A, 552, A82
Giménez A., 2006, ApJ, 650, 408
Goldreich P., Sari R., 2003, ApJ, 585, 1024
Gray D. F., 2008, The Observation and Analysis of Stellar Photospheres. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge
Grether D., Lineweaver C. H., 2006, ApJ, 640, 1051
Guillochon J., Ramirez-Ruiz E., Lin D., 2011, ApJ, 732, 74
Hatzes A. P., Wuchterl G., 2005, Nature, 436, 182
Hébrard G. et al., 2008, A&A, 488, 763
Helled R. et al., 2014, in Beuther H., KlessenR. S., Dullemond C. P.,Henning T., eds, Protostars and Planets VI. Univ. Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ, p. 643
Hilditch R. W., 2001, An Introduction to Close Binary Stars. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge
Hinse T. C., Christou A. A., Alvarellos J. L. A., Gózdziewski K., 2010, MNRAS, 404, 837
Holman M. J., Wiegert P. A., 1999, AJ, 117, 621
Holman M. J. et al., 2006, ApJ, 652, 1715
Huang C., Wu Y., Triaud A. H. M. J., 2016, ApJ, 825, 98
Jehin E. et al., 2011, Messenger, 145, 2
Knutson H. A. et al., 2014, ApJ, 785, 126
Kopal Z., 1942, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 28, 133
Lai D., 2014, MNRAS, 440, 3532
Lai D., Foucart F., Lin D. N. C., 2011, MNRAS, 412, 2790
Lambrechts M., Johansen A., Morbidelli A., 2014, A&A, 572, A35
Lang D., Hogg D. W., Mierle K., Blanton M., Roweis S., 2010, AJ, 139, 1782
Lee E. J., Chiang E., 2015, ApJ, 811, 41
Lendl M. et al., 2012, A&A, 544, A72
Lendl M. et al., 2014, A&A, 568, A81
Lin D. N. C., Bodenheimer P., Richardson D. C., 1996, Nature, 380, 606
López-Morales M. et al., 2014, ApJ, 792, L31
Lovis C. et al., 2006, Nature, 441, 305
Madhusudhan N., Crouzet N., McCullough P. R., Deming D., Hedges C., 2014, ApJ, 791, L9
Mandel K., Agol E., 2002, ApJ, 580, L171
Mardling R. A., 2007, MNRAS, 382, 1768
Marigo P., Girardi L., Bressan A., Groenewegen M. A. T., Silva L., Granato G. L., 2008, A&A, 482, 883
Marmier M. et al., 2013, A&A, 551, A90
Mayor M., Queloz D., 1995, Nature, 378, 355
Naoz S., FarrW. M., Lithwick Y., Rasio F. A., Teyssandier J., 2011, Nature, 473, 187
Neveu M., Sahlmann J., Queloz D., Ségransan D., 2012, in Arenou F., Hestroffer D., eds, Orbital Couples: Pas de Deux in the Solar System and the Milky Way. Observatoire de Paris, Paris, p. 81
Neveu-VanMalle M. et al., 2016, A&A, 586, A93
Ortiz M. et al., 2016, A&A, 595, 550
Perryman M. A. C. et al., 2001, A&A, 369, 339
Perryman M., Hartman J., Bakos G. Á., Lindegren L., 2014, ApJ, 797, 14
Petrovich C., 2015a, ApJ, 799, 27
Petrovich C., 2015b, ApJ, 808, 120
Pollacco D. L. et al., 2006, PASP, 118, 1407
Pollack J. B., Hubickyj O., Bodenheimer P., Lissauer J. J., Podolak M., Greenzweig Y., 1996, Icarus, 124, 62
Queloz D., Eggenberger A., Mayor M., Perrier C., Beuzit J. L., Naef D., Sivan J. P., Udry S., 2000, A&A, 359, L13
Ragozzine D., Wolf A. S., 2009, ApJ, 698, 1778
Ramm D. J., 2015, MNRAS, 449, 4428
Rasio F. A., Ford E. B., 1996, Science, 274, 954
Rein H., Spiegel D. S., 2015, MNRAS, 446, 1424
Rein H., Tamayo D., 2015, MNRAS, 452, 376
Rogers T. M., Lin D. N. C.,McElwaine J. N., Lau H. H. B., 2013, ApJ, 772, 21
Rosotti G. P., Juhasz A., Booth R. A., Clarke C. J., 2016, MNRAS, 459, 2790
Rosotti G. P., Booth R. A., Clarke C. J., Teyssandier J., Facchini S., Mustill A. J., 2017, MNRAS, 464, L114
Sahlmann J. et al., 2011, A&A, 525, A95
Sahlmann J., Triaud A. H. M. J., Martin D. V., 2015, MNRAS, 447, 287
Santerne A. et al., 2014, A&A, 571, A37
Santerne A. et al., 2016, A&A, 587, A64
Schlaufman K. C., 2010, ApJ, 719, 602
Schneider J., Dedieu C., Le Sidaner P., Savalle R., Zolotukhin I., 2011, A&A, 532, A79
Schwarz G., 1978, Ann. Stat., 6, 461
Seager S., Deming D., 2010, ARA&A, 48, 631
Sestito P., Randich S., 2005, A&A, 442, 615
Skrutskie M. F. et al., 2006, AJ, 131, 1163
Southworth J. et al., 2009, MNRAS, 396, 1023
Sozzetti A., Giacobbe P., Lattanzi M. G., Micela G., Morbidelli R., Tinetti G., 2014, MNRAS, 437, 497
Spalding C., Batygin K., 2015, ApJ, 811, 82
Sterne T. E., 1939, MNRAS, 99, 451
Stetson P. B., 1987, PASP, 99, 191
Sutherland A. P., Fabrycky D. C., 2016, ApJ, 818, 6
Teyssandier J., Ogilvie G. I., 2016, MNRAS, 458, 3221
Thies I., Kroupa P., Goodwin S. P., Stamatellos D., Whitworth A. P., 2011, MNRAS, 417, 1817
Torres G., Andersen J., Giménez A., 2010, A&AR, 18, 67
