Kolh, Philippe ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des Sciences biomédicales et précliniques > Service de Biochimie et de Physiologie humaines, normale et pathologique
B. Eklöf, M. Perrin, K.T. Delis, R.B. Rutherford, and P. Gloviczki Updated terminology of chronic venous disorders: the VEIN-TERM transatlantic interdisciplinary consensus document J Vasc Surg 49 2009 498 501
J.L. Beebe-Dimmer, J.R. Pfeifer, J.S. Engle, and D. Schottenfeld The epidemiology of chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins Ann Epidemiol 15 2005 175 184
L. Robertson, C. Evans, and F.G. Fowkes Epidemiology of chronic venous disease Phlebology 23 2008 103 111
R. Van den Oever, B. Hepp, B. Debbaut, and I. Simon Socio-economic impact of chronic venous insufficiency. An underestimated public health problem Int Angiol 17 1998 161 167
A. Bradbury, C. Evans, P. Allan, A. Lee, C.V. Ruckley, and F.G. Fowkes What are the symptoms of varicose veins? Edinburgh vein study cross sectional population survey Br Med J 318 1999 353 356
A. Caggiati, and P. Bertocchi Regarding "fact and fiction surrounding the discovery of the venous valves" J Vasc Surg 33 2001 1317
A. Caggiati, and C. Allegra Historical introduction J.J. Bergan, The vein book 2007 Elsevier Academic Press London 1 14
K.A. Illig, J.M. Rhodes, and J. DeWeese Venous and lymphatic disease: a historical review P. Gloviczki, Handbook of venous disorders 2009 Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd London 3 11
J. Homans The etiology of treatment of varicose ulcer of the leg Surg Gyn Obstet 1917 300 311
R.R. Linton The post-thrombotic ulceration of the lower extremity: its etiology and surgical treatment Ann Surg 138 1953 415 433
F.L. Smith Varicose veins, complications and results of treatment of 5,000 patients Milit Surg 85 1939 514 521
E.J. Orbach Sclerotherapy of varicose veins: utilization of an intravenous air block Am J Surg LXVI 1944 362 366
F. Trendelenburg Über die Unterbindung der Vena Saphena Magna bei Unterschenkel Varicen Beitr Z Clin Chir 1891 195 210
M. Perrin Insuffisance veineuse superficielle: notions fondamentales Technique chirurgicales - Chirurgie vasculaire 2007 Elsevier Masson SAS Paris 43 161
R. Muller Traitement des varices par la phlebectomie ambulatoire Phlébologie 19 1966 277 279
J.J. Bergan Conrad Jobst and the development of pressure gradient therapy for venous disease J.J. Bergan, J.S.T. Yao, Surgery of the veins 1985 Grune & Stratton Orlando 529 540
E.A. Husni In situ saphenopopliteal bypass graft for incompetence of the femoral and popliteal veins Surg Gynecol Obstet 130 1970 279 284
E.C. Palma, and R. Esperon Vein transplants and grafts in the surgical treatment of the postphlebitic syndrome J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 1 1960 94 107
P. Gloviczki, L.H. Hollier, M.K. Dewanjee, V.F. Trastek, E.A. Hoffman, and M.P. Kaye Experimental replacement of the inferior vena cava: factors affecting patency Surgery 95 1984 657 666
B. Eklöf, U. Albrechtson, E. Einarsson, and G. Plate The temporary arteriovenous fistula in venous reconstructive surgery Int Angiol 4 1985 455 462
R.L. Kistner Surgical repair of the incompetent femoral vein valve Arch Surg 110 1975 1336 1342
S. Raju Valvuloplasty and valve transfer Int Angiol 4 1985 419 424
G. Hauer Die endoskopische subfasziale Diszision der Perforansvenen-vorlaufige Mitteilung Vasa 14 1985 59 61
D. Okrent, R. Messersmith, and J. Buckman Transcatheter fibrinolytic therapy and angioplasty for left iliofemoral venous thrombosis J Vasc Interv Radiol 2 1991 195 197 [discussion 8-200]
C.P. Semba, and M.D. Dake Iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis: aggressive therapy with catheter-directed thrombolysis Radiology 191 1994 487 494
P. Neglen, M.A. Berry, and S. Raju Endovascular surgery in the treatment of chronic primary and post-thrombotic iliac vein obstruction Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 20 2000 560 571
E. Rabe, J.J. Guex, A. Puskas, A. Scuderi, and F. Fernandez Quesada Epidemiology of chronic venous disorders in geographically diverse populations: results from the Vein Consult Program Int Angiol 31 2012 105 115
C.J. Evans, F.G. Fowkes, C.V. Ruckley, and A.J. Lee Prevalence of varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency in men and women in the general population: Edinburgh Vein Study J Epidemiol Community Health 53 1999 149 153
I.D. Graham, M.B. Harrison, E.A. Nelson, K. Lorimer, and A. Fisher Prevalence of lower-limb ulceration: a systematic review of prevalence studies Adv Skin Wound Care 16 2003 305 316
M.H. Criqui, M. Jamosmos, A. Fronek, J.O. Denenberg, R.D. Langer, and J. Bergan Chronic venous disease in an ethnically diverse population: the San Diego Population Study Am J Epidemiol 158 2003 448 456
E. Rabe, F. Pannier-Fisher, and K. Bromen Bonner Venenstudie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Phlebologie - epidemiologische Untersuchung zur Frage der Häufigkeit und Ausprägung von chronischen Venenkrankheiten in der städtischen und ländlichen Wohnbevölkerung Phlebologie 32 2003 1 14
A. Jawien, T. Grzela, and A. Ochwat Prevalence of chronic insufficiency in men and women in Poland: multicenter cross-sectional study in 40,095 patients Phlebology 18 2003 110 121
P.H. Carpentier, H.R. Maricq, C. Biro, C.O. Poncot-Makinen, and A. Franco Prevalence, risk factors, and clinical patterns of chronic venous disorders of lower limbs: a population-based study in France J Vasc Surg 40 2004 650 659
R. Chiesa, E.M. Marone, C. Limoni, M. Volonte, E. Schaefer, and O. Petrini Chronic venous insufficiency in Italy: the 24-cities cohort study Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 30 2005 422 429
K. Bromen, F. Pannier-Fischer, A. Stang, E. Rabe, E. Bock, and K.H. Jockel Lassen sich geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede bei Venenerkrankungen durch Schwangerschaften und Hormoneinnahme erklaren? Gesundheitswesen 66 2004 170 174
F.N. Brand, A.L. Dannenberg, R.D. Abbott, and W.B. Kannel The epidemiology of varicose veins: the Framingham Study Am J Prev Med 4 1988 96 101
M. Hirai, K. Naiki, and R. Nakayama Prevalence and risk factors of varicose veins in Japanese women Angiology 41 1990 228 232
T.M. Jukkala, L.A. Mäkivaara, T. Juukkaala, M. Hakama, and J. Laurikka The effects of parity, oral contraceptive use and hormone replacement therapy on the incidence of varicose veins J Obstet Gynaecol 2006 448 451
C.A. Engelhorn, M.F. Cassou, A.L. Engelhorn, and S.X. Salles-Cunha Does the number of pregnancies affect patterns of great saphenous vein reflux in women with varicose veins? Phlebology 25 2010 190 195
E. Rabe Vein Bonn Study Phlebologie 2006 179 186
A. Iannuzzi, S. Panico, A.V. Ciardullo, C. Bellati, V. Cioffi, and G. Iannuzzo Varicose veins of the lower limbs and venous capacitance in postmenopausal women: relationship with obesity J Vasc Surg 36 2002 965 968
F. Padberg Jr., J.J. Cerveira, B.K. Lal, P.J. Pappas, S. Varma, and R.W. Hobson Does severe venous insufficiency have a different etiology in the morbidly obese? Is it venous? J Vasc Surg 37 2003 79 85
G. Danielsson, B. Eklöf, A. Grandinetti, and R.L. Kistner The influence of obesity on chronic venous disease Vasc Endovascular Surg 36 2002 271 276
B. Zoller, J. Ji, J. Sundquist, and K. Sundquist Family history and risk of hospital treatment for varicose veins in Sweden Br J Surg 99 2012 948 953
J. Krysa, G.T. Jones, and A.M. van Rij Evidence for a genetic role in varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency Phlebology 27 2012 329 335
C.V. Ruckley, C.J. Evans, P.L. Allan, A.J. Lee, and F.G. Fowkes Chronic venous insufficiency: clinical and duplex correlations. The Edinburgh Vein Study of venous disorders in the general population J Vasc Surg 36 2002 520 525
U. Maurins, B.H. Hoffmann, C. Losch, K.H. Jockel, E. Rabe, and F. Pannier Distribution and prevalence of reflux in the superficial and deep venous system in the general population - results from the Bonn Vein Study, Germany J Vasc Surg 48 2008 680 687
N. Labropoulos, L. Leon, S. Kwon, A. Tassiopoulos, J.A. Gonzalez-Fajardo, and S.S. Kang Study of the venous reflux progression J Vasc Surg 41 2005 291 295
F. Pannier, and E. Rabe The relevance of the natural history of varicose veins and refunded care Phlebology 27 Suppl. 1 2012 23 26
A. Caggiati Fascial relationships of the long saphenous vein Circulation 100 1999 2547 2549
A. Caggiati The saphenous venous compartments Surg Radiol Anat 21 1999 29 34
L. Oguzkurt Ultrasonographic anatomy of the lower extremity superficial veins Diagn Interv Radiol 18 2012 423 430
A.S. Pang Location of valves and competence of the great saphenous vein above the knee Ann Acad Med Singapore 20 1991 248 250
A. Cavezzi, N. Labropoulos, H. Partsch, S. Ricci, A. Caggiati, and K. Myers Duplex ultrasound investigation of the veins in chronic venous disease of the lower limbs - UIP consensus document. Part II. Anatomy Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 31 2006 288 299
A. Caggiati Fascial relationships of the short saphenous vein J Vasc Surg 34 2001 241 246
G. Schweighofer, D. Muhlberger, and E. Brenner The anatomy of the small saphenous vein: fascial and neural relations, saphenofemoral junction, and valves J Vasc Surg 51 2010 982 989
J. van Limborgh, and R.W. Hage The systemic anatomy of the perforating veins in the leg, especially Cockett's veins Phlebologie 35 1982 19 28
K.T. Delis, M. Husmann, E. Kalodiki, J.H. Wolfe, and A.N. Nicolaides In situ hemodynamics of perforating veins in chronic venous insufficiency J Vasc Surg 33 2001 773 782
K.T. Delis, V. Ibegbuna, A.N. Nicolaides, A. Lauro, and H. Hafez Prevalence and distribution of incompetent perforating veins in chronic venous insufficiency J Vasc Surg 28 1998 815 825
G. Mozes, P. Gloviczki, S.S. Menawat, D.R. Fisher, S.W. Carmichael, and A. Kadar Surgical anatomy for endoscopic subfascial division of perforating veins J Vasc Surg 24 1996 800 808
J.V. White, M.L. Katz, P. Cisek, and J. Kreithen Venous outflow of the leg: anatomy and physiologic mechanism of the plantar venous plexus J Vasc Surg 24 1996 819 824
A. Caggiati, J.J. Bergan, P. Gloviczki, G. Jantet, C.P. Wendell-Smith, and H. Partsch Nomenclature of the veins of the lower limbs: an international interdisciplinary consensus statement J Vasc Surg 36 2002 416 422
D.J. Quinlan, R. Alikhan, P. Gishen, and P.S. Sidhu Variations in lower limb venous anatomy: implications for US diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis Radiology 228 2003 443 448
I.B. Casella, C. Presti, Y. Yamazaki, A.A. Vassoler, L.A. Furuya, and C.D. Sabbag A duplex scan-based morphologic study of the femoral vein: incidence and patterns of duplication Vasc Med 15 2010 197 203
A.O. Banjo Comparative study of the distribution of venous valves in the lower extremities of black Africans and Caucasians: pathogenetic correlates of prevalence of primary varicose veins in the two races Anat Rec 217 1987 407 412
D. Muhlberger, L. Morandini, and E. Brenner An anatomical study of femoral vein valves near the saphenofemoral junction J Vasc Surg 48 2008 994 999
J.T. Shepherd Role of the veins in the circulation Circulation 33 1966 484 491
C.F. Rothe Venous system: physiology of the capacitance vessels J.T. Shepherd, F.M. Abboud, S.R. Geiger, The Cardiovascular System, peripheral circulation and organ blood flow, part I, Handbook of physiology 1983 American Physiological Society Bethesda 397 452
A.I. Katz, Y. Chen, and A.H. Moreno Flow through a collapsible tube. Experimental analysis and mathematical model Biophys J 9 1969 1261 1279
M.L. Katz, A.J. Comerota, R.P. Kerr, and G.C. Caputo Variability of venous-hemodynamics with daily activity J Vasc Surg 19 1994 361 365
C.C. Arnoldi Venous pressure in the leg of healthy human subjects at rest and during muscular exercise in the nearly erect position Acta Chir Scand 130 1965 570 583
E. Stranden Ventömningens fysiologi L. Norgren, Vensjukdmar 2004 Studentliteratur Lund 45 55
M.P. Goldman, and A. Fronek Anatomy and pathophysiology of varicose veins J Dermatol Surg Oncol 15 1989 138 145
M.H. Meissner, G. Moneta, K. Burnand, P. Gloviczki, J.M. Lohr, and F. Lurie The hemodynamics and diagnosis of venous disease J Vasc Surg 46 Suppl. S 2007 4S 24S
F. Lurie, R.L. Kistner, B. Eklöf, and D. Kessler Mechanism of venous valve closure and role of the valve in circulation: a new concept J Vasc Surg 38 2003 955 961
F. Lurie, and R.L. Kistner The relative position of paired valves at venous junctions suggests their role in modulating three-dimensional flow pattern in veins Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 44 2012 337 340
Y.S. Alimi, P. Barthelemy, and C. Juhan Venous pump of the calf: a study of venous and muscular pressures J Vasc Surg 20 1994 728 735
A.M.N. Gardner, and R.H. Fox The return of blood to the heart: venous pumps in health and disease 1989 John Libbey & Co Ltd London
C.T. Araki, T.L. Back, F.T. Padberg, P.N. Thompson, Z. Jamil, and B.C. Lee The significance of calf muscle pump function in venous ulceration J Vasc Surg 20 1994 872 877
J. Ludbrook The musculovenous pumps of the human lower limb Am Heart J 71 1966 635 641
E. Stranden Edema in venous insufficiency C. Wittens, Best practice in venous procedures 2010 Ediziona Minerva Medica Turin 131 140
A.N. Nicolaides, M.K. Hussein, G. Szendro, D. Christopoulos, S. Vasdekis, and H. Clarke The relation of venous ulceration with ambulatory venous pressure measurements J Vasc Surg 17 1993 414 419
G. Plate, L. Brudin, B. Eklöf, R. Jensen, and P. Ohlin Congenital vein valve aplasia World J Surg 10 1986 929 934
A.N. Nicolaides Investigations of chronic venous insufficiency: a consensus statement (France March 5-9, 1997) Circulation 2000 E126 E163
Y. Hosoi, A. Zukowski, S.K. Kakkos, and A.N. Nicolaides Ambulatory venous pressure measurements: new parameters derived from a mathematic hemodynamic model J Vasc Surg 36 2002 137 142
S. Raju, and R. Fredericks Venous obstruction: an analysis of one hundred thirty-seven cases with hemodynamic, venographic, and clinical correlations J Vasc Surg 14 1991 305 313
N. Labropoulos, P.J. Patel, J.E. Tiongson, L. Pryor, L.R. Leon Jr., and A.K. Tassiopoulos Patterns of venous reflux and obstruction in patients with skin damage due to chronic venous disease Vasc Endovascular Surg 41 2007 33 40
S.S. Rose, and A. Ahmed Some thoughts on the aetiology of varicose veins J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 27 1986 534 543
L.T. Cotton Varicose veins. Gross anatomy and development Br J Surg 48 1961 589 598
J.P. Travers, C.E. Brookes, J. Evans, D.M. Baker, C. Kent, and G.S. Makin Assessment of wall structure and composition of varicose veins with reference to collagen, elastin and smooth muscle content Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 11 1996 230 237
R.C. Lowell, P. Gloviczki, and V.M. Miller In vitro evaluation of endothelial and smooth muscle function of primary varicose veins J Vasc Surg 16 1992 679 686
R.H. Gandhi, E. Irizarry, G.B. Nackman, V.J. Halpern, R.J. Mulcare, and M.D. Tilson Analysis of the connective tissue matrix and proteolytic activity of primary varicose veins J Vasc Surg 18 1993 814 820
C.J. Alexander The theoretical basis of varicose vein formation Med J Aust 1 1972 258 261
N. Labropoulos, A.D. Giannoukas, K. Delis, M.A. Mansour, S.S. Kang, and A.N. Nicolaides Where does venous reflux start? J Vasc Surg 26 1997 736 742
F. Lurie, R. Kistner, M. Perrin, S. Raju, P. Neglen, and O. Maleti Invasive treatment of deep venous disease. A UIP consensus Int Angiol 29 2010 199 204
B.F. Johnson, R.A. Manzo, R.O. Bergelin, and D.E. Strandness Jr. Relationship between changes in the deep venous system and the development of the postthrombotic syndrome after an acute episode of lower limb deep vein thrombosis: a one- to six-year follow-up J Vasc Surg 21 1995 307 312
B.F. Johnson, R.A. Manzo, R.O. Bergelin, and D.E. Strandness Jr. The site of residual abnormalities in the leg veins in long-term follow-up after deep vein thrombosis and their relationship to the development of the post-thrombotic syndrome Int Angiol 15 1996 14 19
O. Nelzen, D. Bergqvist, and A. Lindhagen Leg ulcer etiology - a cross sectional population study J Vasc Surg 14 1991 557 564
K.T. Delis Perforator vein incompetence in chronic venous disease: a multivariate regression analysis model J Vasc Surg 40 2004 626 633
K.A. Darvall, G.R. Bate, D.J. Adam, and A.W. Bradbury Generic health-related quality of life is significantly worse in varicose vein patients with lower limb symptoms independent of CEAP clinical grade Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 44 2012 341 344
S.J. Palfreyman, K. Drewery-Carter, K. Rigby, J.A. Michaels, and A.M. Tod Varicose veins: a qualitative study to explore expectations and reasons for seeking treatment J Clin Nurs 13 2004 332 340
K. Fragkouli, A. Mitselou, V.A. Boumba, G. Siozios, G.T. Vougiouklakis, and T. Vougiouklakis Unusual death due to a bleeding from a varicose vein: a case report BMC Res Notes 5 2012 488
R. Chiesa, E.M. Marone, C. Limoni, M. Volonte, and O. Petrini Chronic venous disorders: correlation between visible signs, symptoms, and presence of functional disease J Vasc Surg 46 2007 322 330
T.P. Navarro, K.T. Delis, and A.P. Ribeiro Clinical and hemodynamic significance of the greater saphenous vein diameter in chronic venous insufficiency Arch Surg 137 2002 1233 1237
S.R. Kahn, C.E. M'Lan, D.L. Lamping, X. Kurz, A. Berard, and L.A. Abenhaim Relationship between clinical classification of chronic venous disease and patient-reported quality of life: results from an international cohort study J Vasc Surg 39 2004 823 828
M.R. Perrin, N. Labropoulos, and L.R. Leon Jr. Presentation of the patient with recurrent varices after surgery (REVAS) J Vasc Surg 43 2006 327 334
H.G. Beebe, J.J. Bergan, D. Bergqvist, B. Eklöf, I. Eriksson, and M.P. Goldman Classification and grading of chronic venous disease in the lower limbs. A consensus statement Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 12 1996 487 491 [discussion 91-2]
B. Eklöf, R.B. Rutherford, J.J. Bergan, P.H. Carpentier, P. Gloviczki, and R.L. Kistner Revision of the CEAP classification for chronic venous disorders: consensus statement J Vasc Surg 40 2004 1248 1252
H. Sinabulya, A. Holmberg, and L. Blomgren Interobserver variability in the assessment of the clinical severity of superficial venous insufficiency Phlebology 2013 10.1177/0268355513515474 [Epub]
S. Krishnan, and S.C. Nicholls Chronic venous insufficiency: clinical assessment and patient selection Semin Intervent Radiol 22 2005 169 177
E. Rabe, and F. Pannier Clinical, aetiological, anatomical and pathological classification (CEAP): gold standard and limits Phlebology 27 Suppl. 1 2012 114 118
D. Carradice, F.A. Mazari, N. Samuel, V. Allgar, J. Hatfield, and I.C. Chetter Modelling the effect of venous disease on quality of life Br J Surg 98 2011 1089 1098
A.C. Shepherd, M.S. Gohel, C.S. Lim, and A.H. Davies A study to compare disease-specific quality of life with clinical anatomical and hemodynamic assessments in patients with varicose veins J Vasc Surg 53 2011 374 382
R.B. Rutherford, F.T. Padberg Jr., A.J. Comerota, R.L. Kistner, M.H. Meissner, and G.L. Moneta Venous severity scoring: an adjunct to venous outcome assessment J Vasc Surg 31 2000 1307 1312
M.A. Vasquez, E. Rabe, R.B. McLafferty, C.K. Shortell, W.A. Marston, and D. Gillespie Revision of the venous clinical severity score: venous outcomes consensus statement: special communication of the American Venous Forum Ad Hoc Outcomes Working Group J Vasc Surg 52 2010 1387 1396
M.A. Ricci, J. Emmerich, P.W. Callas, F.R. Rosendaal, A.C. Stanley, and S. Naud Evaluating chronic venous disease with a new venous severity scoring system J Vasc Surg 38 2003 909 915
M.A. Passman, R.B. McLafferty, M.F. Lentz, S.B. Nagre, M.D. Iafrati, and W.T. Bohannon Validation of Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS) with other venous severity assessment tools from the American Venous Forum, National Venous Screening Program J Vasc Surg 54 2011 2S 9S
S.K. Kakkos, M.A. Rivera, M.I. Matsagas, M.K. Lazarides, P. Robless, and G. Belcaro Validation of the new venous severity scoring system in varicose vein surgery J Vasc Surg 38 2003 224 228
A.M. van Rij, G.T. Jones, B.G. Hill, M. Amer, I.A. Thomson, and R.A. Pettigrew Mechanical inhibition of angiogenesis at the saphenofemoral junction in the surgical treatment of varicose veins: early results of a blinded randomized controlled trial Circulation 118 2008 66 74
M. Perrin, F. Dedieu, V. Jessent, and M.P. Blanc Evaluation of the new severity scoring system in chronic venous disease of the lower limbs: an observational study conducted by French angiologists Phlebolymphology 13 2006 6 11
S. Villalta, P. Bagatella, A. Piccioli, A. Lensing, M. Prins, and P. Prandoni Assessment and validity and reproducibility of a clinical scale for the post-thrombotic syndrome [abstract] Haemostasis 1994 158a
S.R. Kahn Measurement properties of the Villalta scale to define and classify the severity of the post-thrombotic syndrome J Thromb Haemost 7 2009 884 888
K. Sritharan, T.R. Lane, and A.H. Davies The burden of depression in patients with symptomatic varicose veins Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 43 2012 480 484
G. Jantet Chronic venous insufficiency: worldwide results of the RELIEF study. Reflux assEssment and quaLity of lIfe improvEment with micronized Flavonoids Angiology 53 2002 245 256
J.E. Ware Jr., and B. Gandek Overview of the SF-36 Health Survey and the International Quality of Life Assessment (IQOLA) Project J Clin Epidemiol 51 1998 903 912
R.M. Kaplan, M.H. Criqui, J.O. Denenberg, J. Bergan, and A. Fronek Quality of life in patients with chronic venous disease: San Diego population study J Vasc Surg 37 2003 1047 1053
R.M. Moura, G.S. Goncalves, T.P. Navarro, R.R. Britto, and R.C. Dias Relationship between quality of life and the CEAP clinical classification in chronic venous disease Rev Bras Fisioter 14 2010 99 105
EuroQol, Group EuroQol - a new facility for the measurement of health-related quality of life Health Policy 16 1990 199 208
A.M. Garratt, L.M. Macdonald, D.A. Ruta, I.T. Russell, J.K. Buckingham, and Z.H. Krukowski Towards measurement of outcome for patients with varicose veins Qual Health Care 2 1993 5 10
J.J. Smith, A.M. Garratt, M. Guest, R.M. Greenhalgh, and A.H. Davies Evaluating and improving health-related quality of life in patients with varicose veins J Vasc Surg 30 1999 710 719
R. Launois, J. Reboul-Marty, and B. Henry Construction and validation of a quality of life questionnaire in chronic lower limb venous insufficiency (CIVIQ) Qual Life Res 5 1996 539 554
R. Likert A technique for the measurement of attitudes Arch Psychol 22 1932 1 55
K. Erevnidou, R. Launois, A. Katsamouris, and C. Lionis Translation and validation of a quality of life questionnaire for chronic lower limb venous insufficiency into greek Int Angiol 23 2004 394 399
A.A. Biemans, S.K. van der Velden, C.M. Bruijninckx, J. Buth, and T. Nijsten Validation of the chronic venous insufficiency quality of life questionnaire in Dutch patients treated for varicose veins Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 42 2011 246 253
R. Launois, A. Mansilha, and G. Jantet International psychometric validation of the Chronic Venous Disease quality of life Questionnaire (CIVIQ-20) Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 40 2010 783 789
L. Abenhaim, and X. Kurz The VEINES study (VEnous Insufficiency Epidemiologic and Economic Study): an international cohort study on chronic venous disorders of the leg. VEINES Group Angiology 48 1997 59 66
D.L. Lamping, S. Schroter, X. Kurz, S.R. Kahn, and L. Abenhaim Evaluation of outcomes in chronic venous disorders of the leg: development of a scientifically rigorous, patient-reported measure of symptoms and quality of life J Vasc Surg 37 2003 410 419
S.R. Kahn, D.L. Lamping, T. Ducruet, L. Arsenault, M.J. Miron, and A. Roussin VEINES-QOL/Sym questionnaire was a reliable and valid disease-specific quality of life measure for deep venous thrombosis J Clin Epidemiol 59 2006 1049 1056
P. Gloviczki, A.J. Comerota, M.C. Dalsing, B.G. Eklöf, D.L. Gillespie, and M.L. Gloviczki The care of patients with varicose veins and associated chronic venous diseases: clinical practice guidelines of the Society for Vascular Surgery and the American Venous Forum J Vasc Surg 53 2011 2S 48S
F.G. Fowkes, A.J. Lee, C.J. Evans, P.L. Allan, A.W. Bradbury, and C.V. Ruckley Lifestyle risk factors for lower limb venous reflux in the general population: Edinburgh Vein Study Int J Epidemiol 30 2001 846 852
J.L. Cronenwett, and K.W. Johnston Patient clinical evaluation 7th ed. Rutherford's Vascular Surgery 2010 Saunders Philadelphia 204 215
J.F. Uhl, A. Cornu-Thenard, P.H. Carpentier, M.T. Widmer, H. Partsch, and P.L. Antignani Clinical and hemodynamic significance of corona phlebectatica in chronic venous disorders J Vasc Surg 42 2005 1163 1168
B.C. Vrouenraets, and J.N. Keeman Fysische diagnostiek - de bandjesproeven bij varices Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 144 2000 1267 1272
W.H. Hoffmann, I.M. Toonder, and C.H.A. Wittens Value of the Trendelenburg tourniquet test in the assessment of primary varicose veins Phlebology 19 2004 77 80
N. Labropoulos, J. Tiongson, L. Pryor, A.K. Tassiopoulos, S.S. Kang, and M. Ashraf Mansour Definition of venous reflux in lower-extremity veins J Vasc Surg 38 2003 793 798
P. Coleridge-Smith, N. Labropoulos, H. Partsch, K. Myers, A. Nicolaides, and A. Cavezzi Duplex ultrasound investigation of the veins in chronic venous disease of the lower limbs - UIP consensus document. Part I. Basic principles Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 31 2006 83 92
M. De Maeseneer, O. Pichot, A. Cavezzi, J. Earnshaw, A. van Rij, and F. Lurie Duplex ultrasound investigation of the veins of the lower limbs after treatment for varicose veins - UIP consensus document Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 42 2011 89 102
M. Cappelli, R. Molino Lova, S. Ermini, and P. Zamboni Hemodynamics of the sapheno-femoral junction. Patterns of reflux and their clinical implications Int Angiol 23 2004 25 28
M. Cappelli, R. Molino Lova, S. Ermini, I. Giangrandi, F. Giannelli, and P. Zamboni Hemodynamics of the sapheno-femoral complex: an operational diagnosis of proximal femoral valve function Int Angiol 25 2006 356 360
T. Rautio, J. Perala, F. Biancari, H. Wiik, P. Ohtonen, and K. Haukipuro Accuracy of hand-held Doppler in planning the operation for primary varicose veins Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 24 2002 450 455
R.G. DePalma, M.T. Hart, L. Zanin, and E.H. Massarin Phyical examination, Doppler ultrasound and colour flow duplex scanning: guides to therapy for primary varicose veins Phlebology 8 1993 7 11
S.R. Baker, K.G. Burnand, K.M. Sommerville, M.L. Thomas, N.M. Wilson, and N.L. Browse Comparison of venous reflux assessed by duplex scanning and descending phlebography in chronic venous disease Lancet 341 1993 400 403
M. Magnusson, P. Kalebo, P. Lukes, R. Sivertsson, and B. Risberg Colour Doppler ultrasound in diagnosing venous insufficiency. A comparison to descending phlebography Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 9 1995 437 443
M.M. Baldt, K. Bohler, T. Zontsich, A.A. Bankier, M. Breitenseher, and B. Schneider Preoperative imaging of lower extremity varicose veins: color coded duplex sonography or venography J Ultrasound Med 15 1996 143 154
T. Meyer, A. Cavallaro, and W. Lang Duplex ultrasonography in the diagnosis of incompetent Cockett veins Eur J Ultrasound 11 2000 175 180
L. Blomgren, G. Johansson, and D. Bergqvist Randomized clinical trial of routine preoperative duplex imaging before varicose vein surgery Br J Surg 92 2005 688 694
J.H. Haenen, H. van Langen, M.C. Janssen, H. Wollersheim, M.A. van 't Hof, and W.N. van Asten Venous duplex scanning of the leg: range, variability and reproducibility Clin Sci (Lond) 96 1999 271 277
A.W. Lensing, P. Prandoni, D. Brandjes, P.M. Huisman, M. Vigo, and G. Tomasella Detection of deep-vein thrombosis by real-time B-mode ultrasonography N Engl J Med 320 1989 342 345
M.A. Mattos, G.L. Londrey, D.W. Leutz, K.J. Hodgson, D.E. Ramsey, and L.D. Barkmeier Color-flow duplex scanning for the surveillance and diagnosis of acute deep venous thrombosis J Vasc Surg 15 1992 366 375
J.M. Holdstock, S.J. Dos Santos, C.C. Harrison, B.A. Price, and M.S. Whiteley Haemorrhoids are associated with internal iliac vein reflux in up to one-third of women presenting with varicose veins associated with pelvic vein reflux Phlebology 2014 [Epub]
S.J. Park, J.W. Lim, Y.T. Ko, D.H. Lee, Y. Yoon, and J.H. Oh Diagnosis of pelvic congestion syndrome using transabdominal and transvaginal sonography Am J Roentgenol 182 2004 683 688
M.G. De Maeseneer, C.P. Vandenbroeck, J.M. Hendriks, P.R. Lauwers, and P.E. Van Schil Accuracy of duplex evaluation one year after varicose vein surgery to predict recurrence at the sapheno-femoral junction after five years Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 29 2005 308 312
P. Jiang, A.M. van Rij, R. Christie, G. Hill, C. Solomon, and I. Thomson Recurrent varicose veins: patterns of reflux and clinical severity Cardiovasc Surg 7 1999 332 339
N. Labropoulos, E. Touloupakis, A.D. Giannoukas, M. Leon, A. Katsamouris, and A.N. Nicolaides Recurrent varicose veins: investigation of the pattern and extent of reflux with color flow duplex scanning Surgery 119 1996 406 409
T. Kostas, C.V. Ioannou, E. Touloupakis, E. Daskalaki, A.D. Giannoukas, and D. Tsetis Recurrent varicose veins after surgery: a new appraisal of a common and complex problem in vascular surgery Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 27 2004 275 282
N.S. Theivacumar, R. Darwood, and M.J. Gough Neovascularisation and recurrence 2 years after varicose vein treatment for sapheno-femoral and great saphenous vein reflux: a comparison of surgery and endovenous laser ablation Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 38 2009 203 207
P. Chapman-Smith, and A. Browne Prospective five-year study of ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy in the treatment of great saphenous vein reflux Phlebology 24 2009 183 188
N. Labropoulos, M. Borge, K. Pierce, and P.J. Pappas Criteria for defining significant central vein stenosis with duplex ultrasound J Vasc Surg 46 2007 101 107
G.W. Phillips, J. Paige, and M.P. Molan A comparison of colour duplex ultrasound with venography and varicography in the assessment of varicose veins Clin Radiol 50 1995 20 25
R.J. Whitney The measurement of volume changes in human limbs J Physiol 121 1953 1 27
M.C. Janssen, J.A. Claassen, W.N. van Asten, H. Wollersheim, M.J. de Rooij, and T. Thien Validation of the supine venous pump function test: a new non-invasive tool in the assessment of deep venous insufficiency Clin Sci (Lond) 91 1996 483 488
A.B. Hertzman Photoelectric plethysmography on the fingers and toes in man Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 37 1937 529 534
H.B. Abramowitz, L.A. Queral, W.R. Finn, P.F. Nora Jr., L.K. Peterson, and J.J. Bergan The use of photoplethysmography in the assessment of venous insufficiency: a comparison to venous pressure measurements Surgery 86 1979 434 441
V. Wienert, and V. Blazek Eine neue, apparative nichtinvasive Diagnostik der chronisch-venösen Insuffizienz Phleb u Prokt 11 1982 110 113
V. Blazek, H.J. Schmitt, U. Schulz-Ehrenburg, and J. Kerner Digitale Photoplethysmografie (dPPG) für die Beinvenendiagnostik - medizinisch-technische Grundlagen Phleb u Prokt 18 1989 91 97
A.N. Nicolaides, and C. Miles Photoplethysmography in the assessment of venous insufficiency J Vasc Surg 5 1987 405 412
P.S. van Bemmelen, B. van Ramshorst, and B.C. Eikelboom Photoplethysmography reexamined: lack of correlation with duplex scanning Surgery 112 1992 544 548
R.A. Bays, D.A. Healy, R.G. Atnip, M. Neumyer, and B.L. Thiele Validation of air plethysmography, photoplethysmography, and duplex ultrasonography in the evaluation of severe venous stasis J Vasc Surg 20 1994 721 727
L.V. Owens, M.A. Farber, M.L. Young, R.E. Carlin, E. Criado-Pallares, and M.A. Passman The value of air plethysmography in predicting clinical outcome after surgical treatment of chronic venous insufficiency J Vasc Surg 32 2000 961 968
D. Yang, Y.K. Vandongen, and M.C. Stacey Variability and reliability of air plethysmographic measurements for the evaluation of chronic venous disease J Vasc Surg 26 1997 638 642
O. Thulesius, L. Norgren, and J.E. Gjores Foot-volumetry, a new method for objective assessment of edema and venous function Vasa 2 1973 325 329
S.G. Ruehm, W. Wiesner, and J.F. Debatin Pelvic and lower extremity veins: contrast-enhanced three-dimensional MR venography with a dedicated vascular coil-initial experience Radiology 215 2000 421 427
A. Pfeil, S. Betge, G. Poehlmann, J. Boettcher, R. Drescher, and A. Malich Magnetic resonance VIBE venography using the blood pool contrast agent gadofosveset trisodium - an interrater reliability study Eur J Radiol 81 2012 547 552
C.E. Spritzer Progress in MR imaging of the venous system Perspect Vasc Surg Endovasc Ther 21 2009 105 116
T. Enden, T.H. Storas, A. Negard, Y. Haig, L. Sandvik, and K.I. Gjesdal Visualization of deep veins and detection of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) with balanced turbo field echo (b-TFE) and contrast-enhanced T1 fast field echo (CE-FFE) using a blood pool agent (BPA) J Magn Reson Imaging 31 2010 416 424
Z. Koc, and L. Oguzkurt Interruption or congenital stenosis of the inferior vena cava: prevalence, imaging, and clinical findings Eur J Radiol 62 2007 257 266
G. Gayer, J. Luboshitz, M. Hertz, R. Zissin, M. Thaler, and A. Lubetsky Congenital anomalies of the inferior vena cava revealed on CT in patients with deep vein thrombosis Am J Roentgenol 180 2003 729 732
L.M. Wolpert, O. Rahmani, B. Stein, J.J. Gallagher, and A.D. Drezner Magnetic resonance venography in the diagnosis and management of May-Thurner syndrome Vasc Endovascular Surg 36 2002 51 57
G. Asciutto, A. Mumme, B. Marpe, O. Koster, K.C. Asciutto, and B. Geier MR venography in the detection of pelvic venous congestion Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 36 2008 491 496
M.C. Hsieh, P.Y. Chang, W.H. Hsu, S.H. Yang, and W.P. Chan Role of three-dimensional rotational venography in evaluation of the left iliac vein in patients with chronic lower limb edema Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 27 2011 923 929
D.G. Fraser, A.R. Moody, P.S. Morgan, and A. Martel Iliac compression syndrome and recanalization of femoropopliteal and iliac venous thrombosis: a prospective study with magnetic resonance venography J Vasc Surg 40 2004 612 619
W. Marston, D. Fish, J. Unger, and B. Keagy Incidence of and risk factors for iliocaval venous obstruction in patients with active or healed venous leg ulcers J Vasc Surg 53 2011 1303 1308
R.G. Depalma, D.L. Kowallek, T.C. Barcia, and H.T. Cafferata Target selection for surgical intervention in severe chronic venous insufficiency: comparison of duplex scanning and phlebography J Vasc Surg 32 2000 913 920
S. Raju, J.B. Furrh, and P. Neglen Diagnosis and treatment of venous lymphedema J Vasc Surg 55 2012 141 149
S. Raju, and P. Neglen High prevalence of nonthrombotic iliac vein lesions in chronic venous disease: a permissive role in pathogenicity J Vasc Surg 44 2006 136 143
P. Neglen, and S. Raju Intravascular ultrasound scan evaluation of the obstructed vein J Vasc Surg 35 2002 694 700
A.R. Forauer, J.J. Gemmete, N.L. Dasika, K.J. Cho, and D.M. Williams Intravascular ultrasound in the diagnosis and treatment of iliac vein compression (May-Thurner) syndrome J Vasc Interv Radiol 13 2002 523 527
C.W. Arnoldussen, R. de Graaf, C.H. Wittens, and M.W. de Haan Value of magnetic resonance venography and computed tomographic venography in lower extremity chronic venous disease Phlebology 28 Suppl. 1 2013 169 175
C.W. Arnoldussen, I. Toonder, and C.H. Wittens A novel scoring system for lower-extremity venous pathology analysed using magnetic resonance venography and duplex ultrasound Phlebology 27 Suppl. 1 2012 163 170
N. Labropoulos, A.P. Gasparis, D. Pefanis, L.R. Leon Jr., and A.K. Tassiopoulos Secondary chronic venous disease progresses faster than primary J Vasc Surg 49 2009 704 710
C.H. Wittens, S.F. Bukkems, and I.T. Toonder Abdominal wall venous collaterals: the latent clinical sign for central chronic venous obstruction Circulation 122 2010 2089 2090
M.H. Meissner, B. Eklof, P.C. Smith, M.C. Dalsing, R.G. DePalma, and P. Gloviczki Secondary chronic venous disorders J Vasc Surg 46 Suppl. S 2007 68S 83S
S. O'Meara, and M. Martyn-St James Foam dressings for venous leg ulcers Cochrane Database Syst Rev 5 2013 CD009907
S. O'Meara, and M. Martyn-St James Alginate dressings for venous leg ulcers Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4 2013 CD010182
S. Palfreyman, E.A. Nelson, and J.A. Michaels Dressings for venous leg ulcers: systematic review and meta-analysis Br Med J 335 2007 244
J.A. Michaels, B. Campbell, B. King, S.J. Palfreyman, P. Shackley, and M. Stevenson Randomized controlled trial and cost-effectiveness analysis of silver-donating antimicrobial dressings for venous leg ulcers (VULCAN trial) Br J Surg 96 2009 1147 1156
S. O'Meara, D. Al-Kurdi, Y. Ologun, and L.G. Ovington Antibiotics and antiseptics for venous leg ulcers Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010 CD003557
M.C. Stacey, A.G. Jopp-Mckay, P. Rashid, S.E. Hoskin, and P.J. Thompson The influence of dressings on venous ulcer healing - a randomised trial Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 13 1997 174 179
S. Couzan, A. Leizorovicz, S. Laporte, P. Mismetti, J.F. Pouget, and C. Chapelle A randomized double-blind trial of upward progressive versus degressive compressive stockings in patients with moderate to severe chronic venous insufficiency J Vasc Surg 56 2012 1344-50
G. Mosti, and H. Partsch Compression stockings with a negative pressure gradient have a more pronounced effect on venous pumping function than graduated elastic compression stockings Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 42 2011 261 266
G. Mosti, V. Mattaliano, and H. Partsch Inelastic compression increases venous ejection fraction more than elastic bandages in patients with superficial venous reflux Phlebology 23 2008 287 294
S. Shingler, L. Robertson, S. Boghossian, and M. Stewart Compression stockings for the initial treatment of varicose veins in patients without venous ulceration Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011 CD008819
D.N. Kolbach, M.W. Sandbrink, H.A. Neumann, and M.H. Prins Compression therapy for treating stage I and II (Widmer) post-thrombotic syndrome Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003 CD004177
G.M. Andreozzi, R. Cordova, M.A. Scomparin, R. Martini, A. D'Eri, and F. Andreozzi Effects of elastic stocking on quality of life of patients with chronic venous insufficiency. An Italian pilot study on Triveneto Region Int Angiol 24 2005 325 329
P.H. Carpentier, F. Becker, G. Thiney, D. Poensin, and B. Satger Acceptability and practicability of elastic compression stockings in the elderly: a randomized controlled evaluation Phlebology 26 2011 107 113
J.F. O'Brien, P.A. Grace, I.J. Perry, A. Hannigan, M. Clarke Moloney, and P.E. Burke Randomized clinical trial and economic analysis of four-layer compression bandaging for venous ulcers Br J Surg 90 2003 794 798
I.K. Wong, A. Andriessen, H.E. Charles, D. Thompson, D.T. Lee, and W.K. So Randomized controlled trial comparing treatment outcome of two compression bandaging systems and standard care without compression in patients with venous leg ulcers J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 26 2012 102 110
S. O'Meara, N. Cullum, A. Nelson, and J.C. Dumville Compression for venous leg ulcers The Cochrane Library 2012 CD000265
S.R. Blecken, J.L. Villavicencio, and T.C. Kao Comparison of elastic versus nonelastic compression in bilateral venous ulcers: a randomized trial J Vasc Surg 42 2005 1150 1155
S.D. Blair, D.D. Wright, C.M. Backhouse, E. Riddle, and C.N. McCollum Sustained compression and healing of chronic venous ulcers Br Med J 297 1988 1159 1161
M.B. Harrison, E.G. Vandenkerkhof, W.M. Hopman, I.D. Graham, M.E. Carley, and E.A. Nelson The Canadian Bandaging Trial: evidence-informed leg ulcer care and the effectiveness of two compression technologies BMC Nurs 10 2011 20
I. Lazareth, C. Moffatt, J. Dissemond, A.S. Lesne Padieu, F. Truchetet, and S. Beissert Efficacy of two compression systems in the management of VLUs: results of a European RCT J Wound Care 21 2012 553 554
P.J. Franks, M. Moody, C.J. Moffatt, G. Hiskett, P. Gatto, and C. Davies Randomized trial of two foam dressings in the management of chronic venous ulceration Wound Repair Regen 15 2007 197 202
E.A. Nelson, C.P. Iglesias, N. Cullum, and D.J. Torgerson Randomized clinical trial of four-layer and short-stretch compression bandages for venous leg ulcers (VenUS I) Br J Surg 91 2004 1292 1299
P.J. Franks, M. Moody, C.J. Moffatt, R. Martin, R. Blewett, and E. Seymour Randomized trial of cohesive short-stretch versus four-layer bandaging in the management of venous ulceration Wound Repair Regen 12 2004 157 162
R. Polignano, P. Bonadeo, S. Gasbarro, and C. Allegra A randomised controlled study of four-layer compression versus Unna's Boot for venous ulcers J Wound Care 13 2004 21 24
C.J. Moffatt, L. McCullagh, T. O'Connor, D.C. Doherty, C. Hourican, and J. Stevens Randomized trial of four-layer and two-layer bandage systems in the management of chronic venous ulceration Wound Repair Regen 11 2003 166 171
F.J. Meyer, C.L. McGuinness, N.R. Lagattolla, D. Eastham, and K.G. Burnand Randomized clinical trial of three-layer paste and four-layer bandages for venous leg ulcers Br J Surg 90 2003 934 940
J.M. Scriven, L.E. Taylor, A.J. Wood, P.R. Bell, A.R. Naylor, and N.J. London A prospective randomised trial of four-layer versus short stretch compression bandages for the treatment of venous leg ulcers Ann R Coll Surg Engl 80 1998 215 220
C.J. Moffatt, L. Edwards, M. Collier, T. Treadwell, M. Miller, and L. Shafer A randomised controlled 8-week crossover clinical evaluation of the 3M Coban 2 Layer Compression System versus Profore to evaluate the product performance in patients with venous leg ulcers Int Wound J 5 2008 267 279
M. Hirai, K. Niimi, H. Iwata, I. Sugimoto, H. Ishibashi, and T. Ota A comparison of interface pressure and stiffness between elastic stockings and bandages Phlebology 24 2009 120 124
E.A. Nelson, and S.E. Bell-Syer Compression for preventing recurrence of venous ulcers Cochrane Database Syst Rev 8 2012 CD002303
E.A. Nelson, D.R. Harper, R.J. Prescott, B. Gibson, D. Brown, and C.V. Ruckley Prevention of recurrence of venous ulceration: randomized controlled trial of class 2 and class 3 elastic compression J Vasc Surg 44 2006 803 808
M.S. Gohel, J.R. Barwell, M. Taylor, T. Chant, C. Foy, and J.J. Earnshaw Long term results of compression therapy alone versus compression plus surgery in chronic venous ulceration (ESCHAR): randomised controlled trial Br Med J 335 2007 83
W.B. van Gent, W.C. Hop, M.C. van Praag, A.J. Mackaay, E.M. de Boer, and C.H. Wittens Conservative versus surgical treatment of venous leg ulcers: a prospective, randomized, multicenter trial J Vasc Surg 44 2006 563 571
E. Kalodiki, M. Ellis, S.K. Kakkos, A. Williams, A.H. Davies, and G. Geroulakos Immediate hemodynamic effect of the additional use of the SCD EXPRESS Compression System in patients with venous ulcers treated with the four-layer compression bandaging system Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 33 2007 483 487
P.C. Smith, S. Sarin, J. Hasty, and J.H. Scurr Sequential gradient pneumatic compression enhances venous ulcer healing: a randomized trial Surgery 108 1990 871 875
S. Kumar, K. Samraj, V. Nirujogi, J. Budnik, and M.A. Walker Intermittent pneumatic compression as an adjuvant therapy in venous ulcer disease J Tissue Viability 12 2002 42 44
J.M. McCulloch, K.C. Marler, M.B. Neal, and T.J. Phifer Intermittent pneumatic compression improves venous ulcer healing Adv Wound Care 7 1994 22 24
J.J. Schuler, T. Maibenco, J. Megerman, M. Ware, and J. Montalvo Treatment of chronic venous ulcers using sequential gradient intermittent pneumatic compression Phlebology 11 1996 111 116
E.A. Nelson, R. Mani, K. Thomas, and K. Vowden Intermittent pneumatic compression for treating venous leg ulcers Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011 CD001899
S. Nikolovska, A. Arsovski, K. Damevska, G. Gocev, and L. Pavlova Evaluation of two different intermittent pneumatic compression cycle settings in the healing of venous ulcers: a randomized trial Med Sci Monit 11 2005 CR337 CR343
E. Berliner, B. Ozbilgin, and D.A. Zarin A systematic review of pneumatic compression for treatment of chronic venous insufficiency and venous ulcers J Vasc Surg 37 2003 539 544
W. Vanscheidt, A. Ukat, and H. Partsch Dose-response of compression therapy for chronic venous edema - higher pressures are associated with greater volume reduction: two randomized clinical studies J Vasc Surg 49 2009 395 402
M.J. O'Donnell, S. McRae, S.R. Kahn, J.A. Julian, C. Kearon, and B. Mackinnon Evaluation of a venous-return assist device to treat severe post-thrombotic syndrome (VENOPTS). A randomized controlled trial Thromb Haemost 99 2008 623 629
J.M. Cohen, E.A. Akl, and S.R. Kahn Pharmacologic and compression therapies for postthrombotic syndrome: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials Chest 141 2012 308 320
T.W. Huang, S.L. Chen, C.H. Bai, C.H. Wu, and K.W. Tam The optimal duration of compression therapy following varicose vein surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 45 2013 397 402
N.A. Bakker, L.W. Schieven, R.M. Bruins, M. van den Berg, and R.J. Hissink Compression stockings after endovenous laser ablation of the great saphenous vein: a prospective randomized controlled trial Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 46 2013 588 592
J.L. O'Hare, J. Stephens, D. Parkin, and J.J. Earnshaw Randomized clinical trial of different bandage regimens after foam sclerotherapy for varicose veins Br J Surg 97 2010 650 656
P.J. Shouler, and P.C. Runchman Varicose veins: optimum compression after surgery and sclerotherapy Ann R Coll Surg Engl 71 1989 402 404
C.M. Hamel-Desnos, B.J. Guias, P.R. Desnos, and A. Mesgard Foam sclerotherapy of the saphenous veins: randomised controlled trial with or without compression Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 39 2010 500 507
P. Kern, A.A. Ramelet, R. Wutschert, and D. Hayoz Compression after sclerotherapy for telangiectasias and reticular leg veins: a randomized controlled study J Vasc Surg 45 2007 1212 1216
G. Cavalheri Jr., J.M. de Godoy, and C.E. Belczak Correlation of haemodynamics and ankle mobility with clinical classes of clinical, aetiological, anatomical and pathological classification in venous disease Phlebology 23 2008 120 124
D.J. Milic, S.S. Zivic, D.C. Bogdanovic, N.D. Karanovic, and Z.V. Golubovic Risk factors related to the failure of venous leg ulcers to heal with compression treatment J Vasc Surg 49 2009 1242 1247
D. Yang, Y.K. Vandongen, and M.C. Stacey Effect of exercise on calf muscle pump function in patients with chronic venous disease Br J Surg 86 1999 338 341
F.T. Padberg Jr., M.V. Johnston, and S.A. Sisto Structured exercise improves calf muscle pump function in chronic venous insufficiency: a randomized trial J Vasc Surg 39 2004 79 87
J.A. Davies, R.H. Bull, I.J. Farrelly, and M.J. Wakelin A home-based exercise programme improves ankle range of motion in long-term venous ulcer patients Phlebology 22 2007 86 89
J. O'Brien, H. Edwards, I. Stewart, and H. Gibbs A home-based progressive resistance exercise programme for patients with venous leg ulcers: a feasibility study Int Wound J 10 2013 389 396
M. Heinen, G. Borm, C. van der Vleuten, A. Evers, R. Oostendorp, and T. van Achterberg The Lively Legs self-management programme increased physical activity and reduced wound days in leg ulcer patients: results from a randomized controlled trial Int J Nurs Stud 49 2012 151 161
A. Jull, V. Parag, N. Walker, R. Maddison, N. Kerse, and T. Johns The prepare pilot RCT of home-based progressive resistance exercises for venous leg ulcers J Wound Care 18 2009 497 503
H.M. Schneidman Treatment of circulatory disorders of the lower extremities Calif Med 105 1966 368 370
D.A. Simon, F.P. Dix, and C.N. McCollum Management of venous leg ulcers Br Med J 328 2004 1358 1362
M.D. Barnes, R. Mani, D.F. Barrett, and J.E. White How to measure changes in oedema in patients with chronic venous ulcers? Phlebology 7 1992 31 35
F.P. Dix, B. Reilly, M.C. David, D. Simon, E. Dowding, and L. Ivers Effect of leg elevation on healing, venous velocity and ambulatory venous pressure in venous ulceration Phlebology 20 2005 87 94
A. Abu-Own, J.H. Scurr, and P.D. Coleridge Smith Effect of leg elevation on the skin microcirculation in chronic venous insufficiency J Vasc Surg 20 1994 705 710
A.G. Fergusson, and J.C. Logan Leg ulcers: assessment of response to certain topical medicaments Br Med J 1 1961 871 874
I.H. Bourne Vertical leg drainage of odema in treatment of leg ulcers Br Med J 2 1974 581 583
K. Finlayson, H. Edwards, and M. Courtney Factors associated with recurrence of venous leg ulcers: a survey and retrospective chart review Int J Nurs Stud 46 2009 1071 1078
J. Brooks, S.J. Ersser, A. Lloyd, and T.J. Ryan Nurse-led education sets out to improve patient concordance and prevent recurrence of leg ulcers J Wound Care 13 2004 111 116
L. Collins, and S. Seraj Diagnosis and treatment of venous ulcers Am Fam Physician 81 2010 989 996
S. Reeder, K.P. de Roos, M. de Maeseneer, A. Sommer, and H.A. Neumann Ulcer recurrence after in-hospital treatment for recalcitrant venous leg ulceration Br J Dermatol 168 2013 999 1002
I.H. Bourne Treatment of leg ulcers J R Soc Med 85 1992 733 735
C.I. Harrington Porcine dermis dressing versus Bisgaard therapy for leg ulcers Br Med J 2 1976 641
M.J. Martinez, X. Bonfill, R.M. Moreno, E. Vargas, and D. Capella Phlebotonics for venous insufficiency Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005 CD003229
A.A. Ramelet, M.R. Boisseau, C. Allegra, A. Nicolaides, K. Jaeger, and P. Carpentier Veno-active drugs in the management of chronic venous disease. An international consensus statement: current medical position, prospective views and final resolution Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 33 2005 309 319
M.H. Pittler, and E. Ernst Horse chestnut seed extract for chronic venous insufficiency Cochrane Database Syst Rev 11 2012 CD003230
R. Barbe, and M. Amiel Pharmacodynamic properties and therapeutic efficacy of Daflon 500 mg Phlebology 7 1992 41 44
J. Blume, H. Langenbahn, and M. de Champvallins Quantification of oedema using the volometer technique: therapeutic application of Daflon 500 mg in chronic venous insufficiency Phlebology 7 1992 37 40
P. Galley, and M. Thiollet A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of a new veno-active flavonoid fraction (S 5682) in the treatment of symptomatic capillary fragility Int Angiol 12 1993 69 72
R. Gilly, G. Pillion, and C. Frileux Evaluation of a new veno-active micronized flavonoid fraction (S5682) in symptomatic disturbances of the venolymphatic circulation of the lower limb. A double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial Phlebology 9 1994 67 70
F.A. Allaert Meta-analysis of the impact of the principal venoactive drugs agents on malleolar venous edema Int Angiol 31 2012 310 315
G. Danielsson, C. Jungbeck, K. Peterson, and L. Norgren A randomised controlled trial of micronised purified flavonoid fraction vs placebo in patients with chronic venous disease Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 23 2002 73 76
M.S. Gohel, and A.H. Davies Pharmacological agents in the treatment of venous disease: an update of the available evidence Curr Vasc Pharmacol 7 2009 303 308
E. Rabe, K.A. Jaeger, M. Bulitta, and F. Pannier Calcium dobesilate in patients suffering from chronic venous insufficiency: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial Phlebology 26 2011 162 168
E. Rabe, M. Stucker, A. Esperester, E. Schafer, and B. Ottillinger Efficacy and tolerability of a red-vine-leaf extract in patients suffering from chronic venous insufficiency - results of a double-blind placebo-controlled study Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 41 2011 540 547
A.B. Jull, B. Arroll, V. Parag, and J. Waters Pentoxifylline for treating venous leg ulcers Cochrane Database Syst Rev 12 2012 CD001733
J.J. Dale, C.V. Ruckley, D.R. Harper, B. Gibson, E.A. Nelson, and R.J. Prescott Randomised, double blind placebo controlled trial of pentoxifylline in the treatment of venous leg ulcers Br Med J 319 1999 875 878
V. Falanga, R.M. Fujitani, C. Diaz, G. Hunter, J. Jorizzo, and P.F. Lawrence Systemic treatment of venous leg ulcers with high doses of pentoxifylline: efficacy in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial Wound Repair Regen 7 1999 208 213
E.A. Nelson, R.J. Prescott, D.R. Harper, B. Gibson, D. Brown, and C.V. Ruckley A factorial, randomized trial of pentoxifylline or placebo, four-layer or single-layer compression, and knitted viscose or hydrocolloid dressings for venous ulcers J Vasc Surg 45 2007 134 141
A.M. Layton, S.H. Ibbotson, J.A. Davies, and M.J. Goodfield Randomised trial of oral aspirin for chronic venous leg ulcers Lancet 344 1994 164 165
S.H. Ibbotson, A.M. Layton, J.A. Davies, and M.J. Goodfield The effect of aspirin on haemostatic activity in the treatment of chronic venous leg ulceration Br J Dermatol 132 1995 422 426
M.L. del Rio Sola, J. Antonio, G. Fajardo, and C. Vaquero Puerta Influence of aspirin therapy in the ulcer associated with chronic venous insufficiency Ann Vasc Surg 26 2012 620 629
E.A. Wilkinson, and C.I. Hawke Does oral zinc aid the healing of chronic leg ulcers? A systematic literature review Arch Dermatol 134 1998 1556 1560
G.M. Andreozzi Sulodexide in the treatment of chronic venous disease Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 12 2012 73 81
M.J. Leach, J. Pincombe, and G. Foster Clinical efficacy of horsechestnut seed extract in the treatment of venous ulceration J Wound Care 15 2006 159 167
J.J. Guilhou, O. Dereure, L. Marzin, P. Ouvry, F. Zuccarelli, and C. Debure Efficacy of Daflon 500 mg in venous leg ulcer healing: a double-blind, randomized, controlled versus placebo trial in 107 patients Angiology 48 1997 77 85
W. Glinski, B. Chodynicka, J. Roszkiewicz, T. Bogdanowski, B. Lecewicz-Torun, and A. Kaszuba The beneficial augmentative effect of micronozed purified flavonoid fraction (MPFF) on the healing of leg ulcers: an open, mulicentre, controlled randomised study Phlebology 14 1999 151 157
K. Roztocil, V. Stvrtinova, and J. Strejcek Efficacy of a 6-month treatment with Daflon 500 mg in patients with venous leg ulcers associated with chronic venous insufficiency Int Angiol 22 2003 24 31
C. Scallon, S.E. Bell-Syer, and Z. Aziz Flavonoids for treating venous leg ulcers Cochrane Database Syst Rev 5 2013 CD006477
P. Coleridge-Smith, C. Lok, and A.A. Ramelet Venous leg ulcer: a meta-analysis of adjunctive therapy with micronized purified flavonoid fraction Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 30 2005 198 208
R.H. Bukhari, J.M. Lohr, D.S. Paget, A.T. Hearn, and R.D. Cranley Evaluation of lidocaine as an analgesic when added to hypertonic saline for sclerotherapy J Vasc Surg 29 1999 479 483
P. Kern, A.A. Ramelet, R. Wutschert, and L. Mazzolai A double-blind, randomized study comparing pure chromated glycerin with chromated glycerin with 1% lidocaine and epinephrine for sclerotherapy of telangiectasias and reticular veins Dermatol Surg 37 2011 1590 1594
J.J. Guex, F.A. Allaert, J.L. Gillet, and F. Chleir Immediate and midterm complications of sclerotherapy: report of a prospective multicenter registry of 12,173 sclerotherapy sessions Dermatol Surg 31 2005 123 128
M.P. Goldman, N.S. Sadick, and R.A. Weiss Cutaneous necrosis, telangiectatic matting, and hyperpigmentation following sclerotherapy. Etiology, prevention, and treatment Dermatol Surg 21 1995 19 29
A. Cavezzi, and K. Parsi Complications of foam sclerotherapy Phlebology 27 Suppl. 1 2012 46 51
B. Kahle, and K. Leng Efficacy of sclerotherapy in varicose veins - prospective, blinded, placebo-controlled study Dermatol Surg 30 2004 723 728
J. Zhang, Z. Jing, D.E. Schliephake, J. Otto, G.M. Malouf, and Y.Q. Gu Efficacy and safety of Aethoxysklerol(R) (polidocanol) 0.5%, 1% and 3% in comparison with placebo solution for the treatment of varicose veins of the lower extremities in Chinese patients (ESA-China Study) Phlebology 27 2012 184 190
P.V. Tisi, C. Beverley, and A. Rees Injection sclerotherapy for varicose veins Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006 CD001732
L. Schwartz, and H. Maxwell Sclerotherapy for lower limb telangiectasias Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011 CD008826
E. Rabe, D. Schliephake, J. Otto, F.X. Breu, and F. Pannier Sclerotherapy of telangiectases and reticular veins: a double-blind, randomized, comparative clinical trial of polidocanol, sodium tetradecyl sulphate and isotonic saline (EASI study) Phlebology 25 2010 124 131
J.T. Hobbs Surgery and sclerotherapy in the treatment of varicose veins. A random trial Arch Surg 109 1974 793 796
S.A. Beresford, A.D. Chant, H.O. Jones, D. Piachaud, and J.M. Weddell Varicose veins: a comparison of surgery and infection/compression sclerotherapy. Five-year follow-up Lancet 1 1978 921 924
K.A. Rigby, S.J. Palfreyman, C. Beverley, and J.A. Michaels Surgery versus sclerotherapy for the treatment of varicose veins Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004 CD004980
K.P. de Roos, F.H. Nieman, and H.A. Neumann Ambulatory phlebectomy versus compression sclerotherapy: results of a randomized controlled trial Dermatol Surg 29 2003 221 226
A. Hayden, and J. Holdsworth Complications following re-exploration of the groin for recurrent varicose veins Ann R Coll Surg Engl 83 2001 272 273
C. Hamel-Desnos, P. Desnos, J.C. Wollmann, P. Ouvry, S. Mako, and F.A. Allaert Evaluation of the efficacy of polidocanol in the form of foam compared with liquid form in sclerotherapy of the greater saphenous vein: initial results Dermatol Surg 29 2003 1170 1175
E. Rabe, J. Otto, D. Schliephake, and F. Pannier Efficacy and safety of great saphenous vein sclerotherapy using standardised polidocanol foam (ESAF): a randomised controlled multicentre clinical trial Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 35 2008 238 245
P. Ouvry, F.A. Allaert, P. Desnos, and C. Hamel-Desnos Efficacy of polidocanol foam versus liquid in sclerotherapy of the great saphenous vein: a multicentre randomised controlled trial with a 2-year follow-up Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 36 2008 366 370
T. Ukritmanoroat Comparison of efficacy and safety between foam sclerotherapy and conventional sclerotherapy: a controlled clinical trial J Med Assoc Thai 94 Suppl. 2 2011 S35 S40
T. King, G. Coulomb, A. Goldman, V. Sheen, S. McWilliams, and R.C. Guptan Experience with concomitant ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy and endovenous laser treatment in chronic venous disorder and its influence on Health Related Quality of Life: interim analysis of more than 1000 consecutive procedures Int Angiol 28 2009 289 297
D.G. Bountouroglou, M. Azzam, S.K. Kakkos, M. Pathmarajah, P. Young, and G. Geroulakos Ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy combined with sapheno-femoral ligation compared to surgical treatment of varicose veins: early results of a randomised controlled trial Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 31 2006 93 100
S.K. Kakkos, D.G. Bountouroglou, M. Azzam, E. Kalodiki, M. Daskalopoulos, and G. Geroulakos Effectiveness and safety of ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy for recurrent varicose veins: immediate results J Endovasc Ther 13 2006 357 364
K.A. Darvall, G.R. Bate, D.J. Adam, S.H. Silverman, and A.W. Bradbury Duplex ultrasound outcomes following ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy of symptomatic recurrent great saphenous varicose veins Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 42 2011 107 114
A. Cavezzi, A. Frullini, S. Ricci, and L. Tessari Treatment of varicose veins by foam sclerotherapy: two clinical series Phlebology 17 2002 13 18
P.C. Smith Chronic venous disease treated by ultrasound guided foam sclerotherapy Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 32 2006 577 583
K.A. Myers, D. Jolley, A. Clough, and J. Kirwan Outcome of ultrasound-guided sclerotherapy for varicose veins: medium-term results assessed by ultrasound surveillance Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 33 2007 116 121
L.H. Rasmussen, M. Lawaetz, L. Bjoern, B. Vennits, A. Blemings, and B. Eklof Randomized clinical trial comparing endovenous laser ablation, radiofrequency ablation, foam sclerotherapy and surgical stripping for great saphenous varicose veins Br J Surg 98 2011 1079 1087
N. Shadid, R. Ceulen, P. Nelemans, C. Dirksen, J. Veraart, and G.W. Schurink Randomized clinical trial of ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy versus surgery for the incompetent great saphenous vein Br J Surg 99 2012 1062 1070
S. Rathbun, A. Norris, and J. Stoner Efficacy and safety of endovenous foam sclerotherapy: meta-analysis for treatment of venous disorders Phlebology 27 2012 105 117
R. Gonzalez-Zeh, R. Armisen, and S. Barahona Endovenous laser and echo-guided foam ablation in great saphenous vein reflux: one-year follow-up results J Vasc Surg 48 2008 940 946
A.W. Bradbury, G. Bate, K. Pang, K.A. Darvall, and D.J. Adam Ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy is a safe and clinically effective treatment for superficial venous reflux J Vasc Surg 52 2010 939 945
E. Rabe, F. Breu, A. Cavezzi, P.C. Smith, A. Frullini, and J. Gillet European guidelines for sclerotherapy in chronic venous disorders Phlebology 2013
K.A. Darvall, G.R. Bate, D.J. Adam, S.H. Silverman, and A.W. Bradbury Ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy for the treatment of chronic venous ulceration: a preliminary study Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 38 2009 764 769
S.R. Kulkarni, F.J. Slim, L.G. Emerson, C. Davies, R.A. Bulbulia, and M.R. Whyman Effect of foam sclerotherapy on healing and long-term recurrence in chronic venous leg ulcers Phlebology 28 2013 140 146
K. Parsi Catheter-directed sclerotherapy Phlebology 24 2009 98 107
A. Cavezzi, and L. Tessari Foam sclerotherapy techniques: different gases and methods of preparation, catheter versus direct injection Phlebology 24 2009 247 251
G. Asciutto, and B. Lindblad Catheter-directed foam sclerotherapy treatment of saphenous vein incompetence Vasa 41 2012 120 124
V.K. Tan, S.Z. Abidin, and S.G. Tan Medium-term results of ultrasonography-guided, catheter-assisted foam sclerotherapy of the long saphenous vein for treatment of varicose veins Singapore Med J 53 2012 91 94
P. Kaudewitz, W. Klovekorn, and W. Rother Effective treatment of leg vein telangiectasia with a new 940 nm diode laser Dermatol Surg 27 2001 101 106
S. Eremia, C. Li, and S.H. Umar A side-by-side comparative study of 1064 nm Nd:YAG, 810 nm diode and 755 nm alexandrite lasers for treatment of 0.3-3 mm leg veins Dermatol Surg 28 2002 224 230
R.A. Weiss, and M.A. Weiss Early clinical results with a multiple synchronized pulse 1064 NM laser for leg telangiectasias and reticular veins Dermatol Surg 25 1999 399 402
J.R. Lupton, T.S. Alster, and P. Romero Clinical comparison of sclerotherapy versus long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser treatment for lower extremity telangiectases Dermatol Surg 28 2002 694 697
B. Tepavcevic, P. Matic, and D. Radak Comparison of sclerotherapy, laser, and radiowave coagulation in treatment of lower extremity telangiectasias J Cosmet Laser Ther 14 2012 239 242
J.S. Dover, N.S. Sadick, and M.P. Goldman The role of lasers and light sources in the treatment of leg veins Dermatol Surg 25 1999 328 335
A. Klein, W. Baumler, M. Koller, G. Shafirstein, E.A. Kohl, and M. Landthaler Indocyanine green-augmented diode laser therapy of telangiectatic leg veins: a randomized controlled proof-of-concept trial Lasers Surg Med 44 2012 369 376
N.S. Sadick, R.A. Weiss, and M.P. Goldman Advances in laser surgery for leg veins: bimodal wavelength approach to lower extremity vessels, new cooling techniques, and longer pulse durations Dermatol Surg 28 2002 16 20
D.H. McDaniel, K. Ash, J. Lord, J. Newman, R.M. Adrian, and M. Zukowski Laser therapy of spider leg veins: clinical evaluation of a new long pulsed alexandrite laser Dermatol Surg 25 1999 52 58
S.C. Boné Tratamiento Endoluminal de las varices con laser de diodo. Estudio preliminar Patologia Vascular 5 1999 32 39
R. Milleret, L. Huot, P. Nicolini, D. Creton, A.S. Roux, and E. Decullier Great saphenous vein ablation with steam injection: results of a multicentre study Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 45 2013 391 396
S. Elias, and J.K. Raines Mechanochemical tumescentless endovenous ablation: final results of the initial clinical trial Phlebology 27 2012 67 72
J.I. Almeida, J.J. Javier, E. Mackay, C. Bautista, and T.M. Proebstle First human use of cyanoacrylate adhesive for treatment of saphenous vein incompetence J Vasc Surg 1 2013 174 180
M.E. Vuylsteke, T. Martinelli, J. Van Dorpe, J. Roelens, S. Mordon, and I. Fourneau Endovenous laser ablation: the role of intraluminal blood Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 42 2011 120 126
R.R. van den Bos, R. Milleret, M. Neumann, and T. Nijsten Proof-of-principle study of steam ablation as novel thermal therapy for saphenous varicose veins J Vasc Surg 53 2011 181 186
R. van den Bos, L. Arends, M. Kockaert, M. Neumann, and T. Nijsten Endovenous therapies of lower extremity varicosities: a meta-analysis J Vasc Surg 49 2009 230 239
B. Siribumrungwong, P. Noorit, C. Wilasrusmee, J. Attia, and A. Thakkinstian A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials comparing endovenous ablation and surgical intervention in patients with varicose vein Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 44 2012 214 223
R. Brar, I.M. Nordon, R.J. Hinchliffe, I.M. Loftus, and M.M. Thompson Surgical management of varicose veins: meta-analysis Vascular 18 2010 205 220
M.H. Murad, F. Coto-Yglesias, M. Zumaeta-Garcia, M.B. Elamin, M.K. Duggirala, and P.J. Erwin A systematic review and meta-analysis of the treatments of varicose veins J Vasc Surg 53 2011 49S 65S
C. Nesbitt, R.K. Eifell, P. Coyne, H. Badri, V. Bhattacharya, and G. Stansby Endovenous ablation (radiofrequency and laser) and foam sclerotherapy versus conventional surgery for great saphenous vein varices Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011 CD005624
S.S. Tellings, R.P. Ceulen, and A. Sommer Surgery and endovenous techniques for the treatment of small saphenous varicose veins: a review of the literature Phlebology 26 2011 179 184
D. Carradice, A.I. Mekako, F.A. Mazari, N. Samuel, J. Hatfield, and I.C. Chetter Clinical and technical outcomes from a randomized clinical trial of endovenous laser ablation compared with conventional surgery for great saphenous varicose veins Br J Surg 98 2011 1117 1123
D. Carradice, A.I. Mekako, F.A. Mazari, N. Samuel, J. Hatfield, and I.C. Chetter Randomized clinical trial of endovenous laser ablation compared with conventional surgery for great saphenous varicose veins Br J Surg 98 2011 501 510
J.T. Christenson, S. Gueddi, G. Gemayel, and H. Bounameaux Prospective randomized trial comparing endovenous laser ablation and surgery for treatment of primary great saphenous varicose veins with a 2-year follow-up J Vasc Surg 52 2010 1234 1241
R.J. Darwood, N. Theivacumar, D. Dellagrammaticas, A.I. Mavor, and M.J. Gough Randomized clinical trial comparing endovenous laser ablation with surgery for the treatment of primary great saphenous varicose veins Br J Surg 95 2008 294 301
B.C. Disselhoff, D.J. der Kinderen, J.C. Kelder, and F.L. Moll Randomized clinical trial comparing endovenous laser with cryostripping for great saphenous varicose veins Br J Surg 95 2008 1232 1238
B.C. Disselhoff, D.J. der Kinderen, J.C. Kelder, and F.L. Moll Five-year results of a randomized clinical trial comparing endovenous laser ablation with cryostripping for great saphenous varicose veins Br J Surg 98 2011 1107 1111
M. Kalteis, I. Berger, S. Messie-Werndl, R. Pistrich, W. Schimetta, and W. Polz High ligation combined with stripping and endovenous laser ablation of the great saphenous vein: early results of a randomized controlled study J Vasc Surg 47 2008 822 829
P. Pronk, S.A. Gauw, M.C. Mooij, M.T. Gaastra, J.A. Lawson, and A.R. van Goethem Randomised controlled trial comparing sapheno-femoral ligation and stripping of the great saphenous vein with endovenous laser ablation (980 nm) using local tumescent anaesthesia: one year results Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 40 2010 649 656
L.H. Rasmussen, L. Bjoern, M. Lawaetz, A. Blemings, B. Lawaetz, and B. Eklof Randomized trial comparing endovenous laser ablation of the great saphenous vein with high ligation and stripping in patients with varicose veins: short-term results J Vasc Surg 46 2007 308 315
L.H. Rasmussen, L. Bjoern, M. Lawaetz, B. Lawaetz, A. Blemings, and B. Eklof Randomised clinical trial comparing endovenous laser ablation with stripping of the great saphenous vein: clinical outcome and recurrence after 2 years Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 39 2010 630 635
K. Helmy ElKaffas, O. ElKashef, and W. ElBaz Great saphenous vein radiofrequency ablation versus standard stripping in the management of primary varicose veins - a randomized clinical trial Angiology 62 2011 49 54
F. Lurie, D. Creton, B. Eklof, L.S. Kabnick, R.L. Kistner, and O. Pichot Prospective randomised study of endovenous radiofrequency obliteration (closure) versus ligation and vein stripping (EVOLVeS): two-year follow-up Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 29 2005 67 73
J. Perala, T. Rautio, F. Biancari, P. Ohtonen, H. Wiik, and T. Heikkinen Radiofrequency endovenous obliteration versus stripping of the long saphenous vein in the management of primary varicose veins: 3-year outcome of a randomized study Ann Vasc Surg 19 2005 669 672
T. Rautio, A. Ohinmaa, J. Perala, P. Ohtonen, T. Heikkinen, and H. Wiik Endovenous obliteration versus conventional stripping operation in the treatment of primary varicose veins: a randomized controlled trial with comparison of the costs J Vasc Surg 35 2002 958 965
L. Stotter, I. Schaaf, and A. Bockelbrink Radiofrequency obliteration, invagination or cryo stripping: which is the best tolerated treatment by the patients? Phlebology 34 2005 19 24
F. Lurie, D. Creton, B. Eklof, L.S. Kabnick, R.L. Kistner, and O. Pichot Prospective randomized study of endovenous radiofrequency obliteration (closure procedure) versus ligation and stripping in a selected patient population (EVOLVeS Study) J Vasc Surg 38 2003 207 214
R.J. Hinchliffe, J. Ubhi, A. Beech, J. Ellison, and B.D. Braithwaite A prospective randomised controlled trial of VNUS closure versus surgery for the treatment of recurrent long saphenous varicose veins Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 31 2006 212 218
S. Subramonia, and T. Lees Randomized clinical trial of radiofrequency ablation or conventional high ligation and stripping for great saphenous varicose veins Br J Surg 97 2010 328 336
M. Vuylsteke, T. De Bo, G. Dompe, D. Di Crisci, C. Abbad, and S. Mordon Endovenous laser treatment: is there a clinical difference between using a 1500 nm and a 980 nm diode laser? A multicenter randomised clinical trial Int Angiol 30 2011 327 334
M.E. Vuylsteke, S. Thomis, P. Mahieu, S. Mordon, and I. Fourneau Endovenous laser ablation of the great saphenous vein using a bare fibre versus a tulip fibre: a randomised clinical trial Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 44 2012 587 592
J.I. Almeida, J. Kaufman, O. Gockeritz, P. Chopra, M.T. Evans, and D.F. Hoheim Radiofrequency endovenous ClosureFAST versus laser ablation for the treatment of great saphenous reflux: a multicenter, single-blinded, randomized study (RECOVERY study) J Vasc Interv Radiol 20 2009 752 759
S.S. Gale, J.N. Lee, M.E. Walsh, D.L. Wojnarowski, and A.J. Comerota A randomized, controlled trial of endovenous thermal ablation using the 810-nm wavelength laser and the ClosurePLUS radiofrequency ablation methods for superficial venous insufficiency of the great saphenous vein J Vasc Surg 52 2010 645 650
S.D. Goode, A. Chowdhury, M. Crockett, A. Beech, R. Simpson, and T. Richards Laser and radiofrequency ablation study (LARA study): a randomised study comparing radiofrequency ablation and endovenous laser ablation (810 nm) Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 40 2010 246 253
I.M. Nordon, R.J. Hinchliffe, R. Brar, P. Moxey, S.A. Black, and M.M. Thompson A prospective double-blind randomized controlled trial of radiofrequency versus laser treatment of the great saphenous vein in patients with varicose veins Ann Surg 254 2011 876 881
A.C. Shepherd, M.S. Gohel, L.C. Brown, M.J. Metcalfe, M. Hamish, and A.H. Davies Randomized clinical trial of VNUS ClosureFAST radiofrequency ablation versus laser for varicose veins Br J Surg 97 2010 810 818
S. Doganci, V. Yildirim, and U. Demirkilic Does puncture site affect the rate of nerve injuries following endovenous laser ablation of the small saphenous veins? Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 41 2011 400 405
D. Carradice, N. Samuel, T. Wallace, F.A. Mazari, J. Hatfield, and I. Chetter Comparing the treatment response of great saphenous and small saphenous vein incompetence following surgery and endovenous laser ablation: a retrospective cohort study Phlebology 27 2012 128 134
N. Samuel, D. Carradice, T. Wallace, A. Mekako, J. Hatfield, and I. Chetter Randomized clinical trial of endovenous laser ablation versus conventional surgery for small saphenous varicose veins Ann Surg 257 2013 419 426
N. Samuel, T. Wallace, D. Carradice, Y. Shahin, F.A. Mazari, and I.C. Chetter Endovenous laser ablation in the treatment of small saphenous varicose veins: does site of access influence early outcomes? Vasc Endovascular Surg 46 2012 310 314
S. Biswas, A. Clark, and D.A. Shields Randomised clinical trial of the duration of compression therapy after varicose vein surgery Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 33 2007 631 637
C.A. de Medeiros, and G.C. Luccas Comparison of endovenous treatment with an 810 nm laser versus conventional stripping of the great saphenous vein in patients with primary varicose veins Dermatol Surg 31 2005 1685 1694
M. Vuylsteke, D. van den Bussche, E.A. Audenaert, and P. Lissens Endovenous laser obliteration for the treatment of primary varicose veins Phlebology 21 2006 80 87
E.A. Prince, G.M. Soares, M. Silva, A. Taner, S. Ahn, and G.J. Dubel Impact of laser fiber design on outcome of endovenous ablation of lower-extremity varicose veins: results from a single practice Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 34 2011 536 541
T. Schwarz, E. von Hodenberg, C. Furtwangler, A. Rastan, T. Zeller, and F.J. Neumann Endovenous laser ablation of varicose veins with the 1470-nm diode laser J Vasc Surg 51 2010 1474 1478
A. Puggioni, M. Kalra, M. Carmo, G. Mozes, and P. Gloviczki Endovenous laser therapy and radiofrequency ablation of the great saphenous vein: analysis of early efficacy and complications J Vasc Surg 42 2005 488 493
T.M. Proebstle, T. Moehler, D. Gul, and S. Herdemann Endovenous treatment of the great saphenous vein using a 1,320 nm Nd:YAG laser causes fewer side effects than using a 940 nm diode laser Dermatol Surg 31 2005 1678 1683
P.F. Lawrence, A. Chandra, M. Wu, D. Rigberg, B. DeRubertis, and H. Gelabert Classification of proximal endovenous closure levels and treatment algorithm J Vasc Surg 52 2010 388 393
B.S. Knipp, S.A. Blackburn, J.R. Bloom, E. Fellows, W. Laforge, and J.R. Pfeifer Endovenous laser ablation: venous outcomes and thrombotic complications are independent of the presence of deep venous insufficiency J Vasc Surg 48 2008 1538 1545
G. Mozes, M. Kalra, M. Carmo, L. Swenson, and P. Gloviczki Extension of saphenous thrombus into the femoral vein: a potential complication of new endovenous ablation techniques J Vasc Surg 41 2005 130 135
F. Pannier, E. Rabe, J. Rits, A. Kadiss, and U. Maurins Endovenous laser ablation of great saphenous veins using a 1470 nm diode laser and the radial fibre - follow-up after six months Phlebology 26 2011 35 39
T.M. Proebstle, B. Vago, J. Alm, O. Gockeritz, C. Lebard, and O. Pichot Treatment of the incompetent great saphenous vein by endovenous radiofrequency powered segmental thermal ablation: first clinical experience J Vasc Surg 47 2008 151 156
M.P. Goldman, M. Mauricio, and J. Rao Intravascular 1320-nm laser closure of the great saphenous vein: a 6- to 12-month follow-up study Dermatol Surg 30 2004 1380 1385
F. Pannier, E. Rabe, and U. Maurins First results with a new 1470-nm diode laser for endovenous ablation of incompetent saphenous veins Phlebology 24 2009 26 30
M.E. Vuylsteke, and S.R. Mordon Endovenous laser ablation: a review of mechanisms of action Ann Vasc Surg 26 2012 424 433
G. Marsden, M. Perry, K. Kelley, A.H. Davies, and Guideline Development G Diagnosis and management of varicose veins in the legs: summary of NICE guidance Br Med J 347 2013 f4279
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence NICE Varicose veins in the legs: the diagnosis and management of varicose veins NICE Clinical Guideline 2013 168
A.M. van Rij, J. Chai, G.B. Hill, and R.A. Christie Incidence of deep vein thrombosis after varicose vein surgery Br J Surg 91 2004 1582 1585
W.H. Geerts, D. Bergqvist, G.F. Pineo, J.A. Heit, C.M. Samama, and M.R. Lassen Prevention of venous thromboembolism: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th ed.) Chest 133 2008 381S 453S
J.A. Caprini Risk assessment as a guide for the prevention of the many faces of venous thromboembolism Am J Surg 199 2010 S3 S10
X. Jia, G. Mowatt, J.M. Burr, K. Cassar, J. Cook, and C. Fraser Systematic review of foam sclerotherapy for varicose veins Br J Surg 94 2007 925 936
T. Sarvananthan, A.C. Shepherd, T. Willenberg, and A.H. Davies Neurological complications of sclerotherapy for varicose veins J Vasc Surg 55 2012 243 251
P. Raymond-Martimbeau Transient adverse events positively associated with patent foramen ovale after ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy Phlebology 24 2009 114 119
K. Parsi Venous gas embolism during foam sclerotherapy of saphenous veins despite recommended treatment modifications Phlebology 26 2011 140 147
M. Figueiredo, S. Araujo, N. Barros Jr., and F. Miranda Jr. Results of surgical treatment compared with ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy in patients with varicose veins: a prospective randomised study Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 38 2009 758 763
D. Wright, J.P. Gobin, A. Bradbury, P. Coleridge-Smith, H. Spoelstra, and D. Berridge Varisolve polidocanol microfoam compared with surgery or sclerotherapy in the management of varicose veins in the presence of trunk vein incompetence: European randomized controlled trial Phlebology 21 2006 180 190
E. Kalodiki, C.R. Lattimer, M. Azzam, E. Shawish, D. Bountouroglou, and G. Geroulakos Long-term results of a randomized controlled trial on ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy combined with saphenofemoral ligation vs standard surgery for varicose veins J Vasc Surg 55 2012 451 457
S.G. Darke, and S.J. Baker Ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy for the treatment of varicose veins Br J Surg 93 2006 969 974
R.R. van Eekeren, D. Boersma, S. Elias, S. Holewijn, D.A. Werson, and J.P. de Vries Endovenous mechanochemical ablation of great saphenous vein incompetence using the ClariVein device: a safety study J Endovasc Ther 18 2011 328 334
J.A. Michaels, W.B. Campbell, J.E. Brazier, J.B. Macintyre, S.J. Palfreyman, and J. Ratcliffe Randomised clinical trial, observational study and assessment of cost-effectiveness of the treatment of varicose veins (REACTIV trial) Health Technol Assess 10 2006 1-196, iii-iv
J.A. Michaels, J.E. Brazier, W.B. Campbell, J.B. MacIntyre, S.J. Palfreyman, and J. Ratcliffe Randomized clinical trial comparing surgery with conservative treatment for uncomplicated varicose veins Br J Surg 93 2006 175 181
R.K. MacKenzie, P.L. Allan, C.V. Ruckley, and A.W. Bradbury The effect of long saphenous vein stripping on deep venous reflux Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 28 2004 104 107
R.C. Sam, R.K. MacKenzie, A.M. Paisley, C.V. Ruckley, and A.W. Bradbury The effect of superficial venous surgery on generic health-related quality of life Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 28 2004 253 256
R.J. Winterborn, C. Foy, and J.J. Earnshaw Causes of varicose vein recurrence: late results of a randomized controlled trial of stripping the long saphenous vein J Vasc Surg 40 2004 634 639
S. Dwerryhouse, B. Davies, K. Harradine, and J.J. Earnshaw Stripping the long saphenous vein reduces the rate of reoperation for recurrent varicose veins: five-year results of a randomized trial J Vasc Surg 29 1999 589 592
K. Miyazaki, T. Nishibe, F. Sata, T. Murashita, F.A. Kudo, and Y.J. Miyazaki Long-term results of treatments for varicose veins due to greater saphenous vein insufficiency Int Angiol 24 2005 282 286
P.H. Rutgers, and P.J. Kitslaar Randomized trial of stripping versus high ligation combined with sclerotherapy in the treatment of the incompetent greater saphenous vein Am J Surg 168 1994 311 315
N. Frings, A. Nelle, P. Tran, R. Fischer, and W. Krug Reduction of neoreflux after correctly performed ligation of the saphenofemoral junction. A randomized trial Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 28 2004 246 252
M.G. De Maeseneer, T.E. Philipsen, C.P. Vandenbroeck, P.R. Lauwers, J.M. Hendriks, and S.G. De Hert Closure of the cribriform fascia: an efficient anatomical barrier against postoperative neovascularisation at the saphenofemoral junction? A prospective study Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 34 2007 361 366
R.J. Winterborn, and J.J. Earnshaw Randomised trial of polytetrafluoroethylene patch insertion for recurrent great saphenous varicose veins Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 34 2007 367 373
D. Creton, B. Rea, P. Pittaluga, S. Chastanet, and F.A. Allaert Evaluation of the pain in varicose vein surgery under tumescent local anaesthesia using sodium bicarbonate as excipient without any intravenous sedation Phlebology 27 2012 368 373
P. Pittaluga, S. Chastanet, and J.J. Guex Great saphenous vein stripping with preservation of sapheno-femoral confluence: hemodynamic and clinical results J Vasc Surg 47 2008 1300 1304
P. Casoni, M. Lefebvre-Vilardebo, F. Villa, and P. Corona Great saphenous vein surgery without high ligation of the saphenofemoral junction J Vasc Surg 58 2013 173 178
L.H. Rasmussen, M. Lawaetz, J. Serup, L. Bjoern, B. Vennits, and A. Blemi Randomized clinical trial comparing endovenous laser ablation, radiofrequency ablation, foam sclerotherapy, and surgical stripping for great saphenous varicose veins with 3-year follow-up J Vasc Surg - Venous Lymphatics 1 2013 349 356
A.A. Ramelet Phlebectomy. Technique, indications and complications Int Angiol 21 2002 46 51
L.S. Kabnick, and M. Ombrellino Ambulatory phlebectomy Semin Intervent Radiol 22 2005 218 224
J.I. Almeida, and J.K. Raines Ambulatory phlebectomy in the office Perspect Vasc Surg Endovasc Ther 20 2008 348 355
S.C. Carr Update on venous procedures performed in the office setting Perspect Vasc Surg Endovasc Ther 21 2009 21 26
T.M. Proebstle, U. Paepcke, G. Weisel, S. Gass, and L. Weber High ligation and stripping of the long saphenous vein using the tumescent technique for local anesthesia Dermatol Surg 24 1998 149 153
N.S. Sadick, and S. Wasser Combined endovascular laser plus ambulatory phlebectomy for the treatment of superficial venous incompetence: a 4-year perspective J Cosmet Laser Ther 9 2007 9 13
H.K. Kim, H.J. Kim, J.H. Shim, M.J. Baek, Y.S. Sohn, and Y.H. Choi Endovenous lasering versus ambulatory phlebectomy of varicose tributaries in conjunction with endovenous laser treatment of the great or small saphenous vein Ann Vasc Surg 23 2009 207 211
I.M. Jung, S.I. Min, S.C. Heo, Y.J. Ahn, K.T. Hwang, and J.K. Chung Combined endovenous laser treatment and ambulatory phlebectomy for the treatment of saphenous vein incompetence Phlebology 23 2008 172 177
M.S. Cohn, E. Seiger, and S. Goldman Ambulatory phlebectomy using the tumescent technique for local anesthesia Dermatol Surg 21 1995 315 318
S. Ricci Ambulatory phlebectomy. Principles and evolution of the method Dermatol Surg 24 1998 459 464
D.L. Monahan Can phlebectomy be deferred in the treatment of varicose veins? J Vasc Surg 42 2005 1145 1149
H.J. Welch Endovenous ablation of the great saphenous vein may avert phlebectomy for branch varicose veins J Vasc Surg 44 2006 601 605
A. Mekako, J. Hatfield, J. Bryce, M. Heng, D. Lee, and P. McCollum Combined endovenous laser therapy and ambulatory phlebectomy: refinement of a new technique Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 32 2006 725 729
D. Carradice, A.I. Mekako, J. Hatfield, and I.C. Chetter Randomized clinical trial of concomitant or sequential phlebectomy after endovenous laser therapy for varicose veins Br J Surg 96 2009 369 375
D.G. Cooper, C.S. Hillman-Cooper, S.G. Barker, and S.J. Hollingsworth Primary varicose veins: the sapheno-femoral junction, distribution of varicosities and patterns of incompetence Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 25 2003 53 59
S. Takase, L. Pascarella, J.J. Bergan, and G.W. Schmid-Schonbein Hypertension-induced venous valve remodeling J Vasc Surg 39 2004 1329 1334
C.A. Engelhorn, A.L. Engelhorn, M.F. Cassou, and S.X. Salles-Cunha Patterns of saphenous reflux in women with primary varicose veins J Vasc Surg 41 2005 645 651
A. Caggiati, C. Rosi, R. Heyn, M. Franceschini, and M.C. Acconcia Age-related variations of varicose veins anatomy J Vasc Surg 44 2006 1291 1295
N. Labropoulos, A.A. Kokkosis, G. Spentzouris, A.P. Gasparis, and A.K. Tassiopoulos The distribution and significance of varicosities in the saphenous trunks J Vasc Surg 51 2010 96 103
C.A. Engelhorn, R. Manetti, M.M. Baviera, G.M. Bombonato, M. Lonardoni, and M.F. Cassou Progression of reflux patterns in saphenous veins of women with chronic venous valvular insufficiency Phlebology 27 2012 25 32
E. Bernardini, P. De Rango, R. Piccioli, C. Bisacci, V. Pagliuca, and G. Genovese Development of primary superficial venous insufficiency: the ascending theory. Observational and hemodynamic data from a 9-year experience Ann Vasc Surg 24 2010 709 720
S. Chastanet, and P. Pittaluga Patterns of reflux in the great saphenous vein system Phlebology 28 Suppl. 1 2013 39 46
A. Abu-Own, J.H. Scurr, and P.D. Coleridge Smith Saphenous vein reflux without incompetence at the saphenofemoral junction Br J Surg 81 1994 1452 1454
O. Pichot, C. Sessa, and J.L. Bosson Duplex imaging analysis of the long saphenous vein reflux: basis for strategy of endovenous obliteration treatment Int Angiol 21 2002 333 336
J.K. Wong, J.L. Duncan, and D.M. Nichols Whole-leg duplex mapping for varicose veins: observations on patterns of reflux in recurrent and primary legs, with clinical correlation Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 25 2003 267 275
J.P. Vidal-Michel, Y. Bourrel, J. Emsallem, and J.J. Bonerandi Respect chirurgical des crosses saphenes internes moderement incontinentes par "effet siphon" chez les patients variqueux Phlébologie 46 1993 143 147
P. Zamboni, C. Cisno, F. Marchetti, D. Quaglio, P. Mazza, and A. Liboni Reflux elimination without any ablation or disconnection of the saphenous vein. A haemodynamic model for venous surgery Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 21 2001 361 369
P. Pittaluga, B. Rea, and R. Barbe Méthode ASVAL (ablation sélective des varices sous anesthésie locale): Principes et résultats préliminaires Phlébologie 58 2005 175 181
P. Pittaluga, S. Chastanet, T. Locret, and R. Barbe The effect of isolated phlebectomy on reflux and diameter of the great saphenous vein: a prospective study Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 40 2010 122 128
N.S. Theivacumar, R.J. Darwood, and M.J. Gough Endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) of the anterior accessory great saphenous vein (AAGSV): abolition of sapheno-femoral reflux with preservation of the great saphenous vein Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 37 2009 477 481
R.D. Quill, and W.G. Fegan Reversibility of femorosaphenous reflux Br J Surg 58 1971 389 393
D. Creton Diameter reduction of the proximal long saphenous vein after ablation of a distal incompetent tributary Dermatol Surg 25 1999 394 397
A.M. Biemans, R. Van den Bos, L.M. Hollestein, B. Maessen-Visch, Y. Vergouwe, and H.A.M. Neumann The effect of single phlebectomies or large varicose tributary on great saphenous vein reflux J Vasc Surg - Venous Lymf Dis 2 2014 179 187
P. Zamboni, C. Cisno, F. Marchetti, P. Mazza, L. Fogato, and S. Carandina Minimally invasive surgical management of primary venous ulcers vs. compression treatment: a randomized clinical trial Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 25 2003 313 318
S. Carandina, C. Mari, M. De Palma, M.G. Marcellino, C. Cisno, and A. Legnaro Varicose vein stripping vs haemodynamic correction (CHIVA): a long term randomised trial Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 35 2008 230 237
J.O. Pares, J. Juan, R. Tellez, A. Mata, C. Moreno, and F.X. Quer Varicose vein surgery: stripping versus the CHIVA method: a randomized controlled trial Ann Surg 251 2010 624 631
N. Cheshire, S.M. Elias, B. Keagy, R. Kolvenbach, A.L. Leahy, and W. Marston Powered phlebectomy (TriVex) in treatment of varicose veins Ann Vasc Surg 16 2002 488 494
R. de Zeeuw, C. Wittens, M. Loots, and M. Neumann Transilluminated powered phlebectomy accomplished by local tumescent anaesthesia in the treatment of tributary varicose veins: preliminary clinical results Phlebology 22 2007 90 94
M. Arumugasamy, G. McGreal, A. O'Connor, C. Kelly, D. Bouchier-Hayes, and A. Leahy The technique of transilluminated powered phlebectomy - a novel, minimally invasive system for varicose vein surgery Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 23 2002 180 182
A. Shamiyeh, P. Schrenk, E. Huber, J. Danis, and W.U. Wayand Transilluminated powered phlebectomy: advantages and disadvantages of a new technique Dermatol Surg 29 2003 616 619
V. Scavee, O. Lesceu, S. Theys, J. Jamart, Y. Louagie, and J.C. Schoevaerdts Hook phlebectomy versus transilluminated powered phlebectomy for varicose vein surgery: early results Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 25 2003 473 475
V. Scavee Transilluminated powered phlebectomy: not enough advantages? Review of the literature Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 31 2006 316 319
M. Passman Transilluminated powered phlebectomy in the treatment of varicose veins Vascular 15 2007 262 268
M.G.R. De Maeseneer, M. Hertoghs, K. Lauwers, W. Koeyers, M. De Wolf, and C. Wittens Chronic venous insufficiency in patients with absence of the inferior vena cava J Vasc Surg - Venous Lymf Dis 1 2013 39 44
O. Hartung, A.D. Loundou, P. Barthelemy, D. Arnoux, M. Boufi, and Y.S. Alimi Endovascular management of chronic disabling ilio-caval obstructive lesions: long-term results Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 38 2009 118 124
G.K. Nazarian, W.R. Austin, S.A. Wegryn, H. Bjarnason, D.J. Stackhouse, and W.R. Castaneda-Zuniga Venous recanalization by metallic stents after failure of balloon angioplasty or surgery: four-year experience Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 19 1996 227 233
A. Alhadad, T. Kolbel, A. Herbst, J. Holst, H. Alhadad, and A. Gottsater Iliocaval vein stenting: long term survey of postthrombotic symptoms and working capacity J Thromb Thrombolysis 31 2011 211 216
S. Alhalbouni, A. Hingorani, A. Shiferson, K. Gopal, D. Jung, and D. Novak Iliac-femoral venous stenting for lower extremity venous stasis symptoms Ann Vasc Surg 26 2012 185 189
A.K. Kurklinsky, H. Bjarnason, J.L. Friese, W.E. Wysokinski, R.D. McBane, and A. Misselt Outcomes of venoplasty with stent placement for chronic thrombosis of the iliac and femoral veins: single-center experience J Vasc Interv Radiol 23 2012 1009 1015
W.S. Lou, J.P. Gu, X. He, L. Chen, H.B. Su, and G.P. Chen Endovascular treatment for iliac vein compression syndrome: a comparison between the presence and absence of secondary thrombosis Korean J Radiol 10 2009 135 143
Q.Y. Meng, X.Q. Li, A.M. Qian, H.F. Sang, J.J. Rong, and L.W. Zhu Endovascular treatment of iliac vein compression syndrome Chin Med J (Engl) 124 2011 3281 3284
L. Nayak, C.F. Hildebolt, and S. Vedantham Postthrombotic syndrome: feasibility of a strategy of imaging-guided endovascular intervention J Vasc Interv Radiol 23 2012 1165 1173
P. Neglen, K.C. Hollis, J. Olivier, and S. Raju Stenting of the venous outflow in chronic venous disease: long-term stent-related outcome, clinical, and hemodynamic result J Vasc Surg 46 2007 979 990
L. Oguzkurt, F. Tercan, U. Ozkan, and O. Gulcan Iliac vein compression syndrome: outcome of endovascular treatment with long-term follow-up Eur J Radiol 68 2008 487 492
S. Raju, K. Hollis, and P. Neglen Obstructive lesions of the inferior vena cava: clinical features and endovenous treatment J Vasc Surg 44 2006 820 827
A. Rosales, G. Sandbaek, and J.J. Jorgensen Stenting for chronic post-thrombotic vena cava and iliofemoral venous occlusions: mid-term patency and clinical outcome Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 40 2010 234 240
J.M. Titus, M.A. Moise, J. Bena, S.P. Lyden, and D.G. Clair Iliofemoral stenting for venous occlusive disease J Vasc Surg 53 2011 706 712
K. Ye, X. Lu, W. Li, Y. Huang, X. Huang, and M. Lu Long-term outcomes of stent placement for symptomatic nonthrombotic iliac vein compression lesions in chronic venous disease J Vasc Interv Radiol 23 2012 497 502
M.A.F. de Wolf, C.W. Arnoldussen, J. Grommes, S.G. Hsien, P.J. Nelemans, and M.W. de Haan Minimally invasive treatment of chronic iliofemoral venous occlusive disease J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphatic Disord 1 2013 146 153
N. Garg, P. Gloviczki, K.M. Karimi, A.A. Duncan, H. Bjarnason, and M. Kalra Factors affecting outcome of open and hybrid reconstructions for nonmalignant obstruction of iliofemoral veins and inferior vena cava J Vasc Surg 53 2011 383 393
C.J. Jost, P. Gloviczki, K.J. Cherry Jr., M.A. McKusick, W.S. Harmsen, and G.D. Jenkins Surgical reconstruction of iliofemoral veins and the inferior vena cava for nonmalignant occlusive disease J Vasc Surg 33 2001 320 327
A.F. AbuRahma, P.A. Robinson, and J.P. Boland Clinical, hemodynamic, and anatomic predictors of long-term outcome of lower extremity venovenous bypasses J Vasc Surg 14 1991 635 644
G. Belcaro, A.N. Nicolaides, A. Ricci, G. Laurora, B.M. Errichi, and D. Christopoulos External femoral vein valvuloplasty with limited anterior plication (LAP): a 10-year randomized, follow-up study Angiology 50 1999 531 536
T.R. Cheatle, and M. Perrin Venous valve repair: early results in fifty-two cases J Vasc Surg 19 1994 404 413
C.J. Chen, S.G. Guo, D. Luo, and Y.Q. Huang Full-valve annuloplasty in treatment of primary deep venous valvular incompetence of the lower extremities Chin Med J (Engl) 105 1992 256 259
I. Eriksson, and B. Almgren Influence of the profunda femoris vein on venous hemodynamics of the limb. Experience from thirty-one deep vein valve reconstructions J Vasc Surg 4 1986 390 395
R. Garcia-Rinaldi, E. Soltero, J. Gaviria, J. Sosa, and P. Tucker Implantation of cryopreserved allograft pulmonary monocusp patch to treat nonthrombotic femoral vein incompetence Tex Heart Inst J 29 2002 92 99
H. Komai, and M. Juri Deep venous external valvuloplasty using a rigid angioscope Surg Today 40 2010 538 542
R.J. Lane, M.L. Cuzzilla, and C.G. McMahon Intermediate to long-term results of repairing incompetent multiple deep venous valves using external valvular stenting ANZ J Surg 73 2003 267 274
A. Lehtola, A. Oinonen, N. Sugano, A. Alback, and M. Lepantalo Deep venous reconstructions: long-term outcome in patients with primary or post-thrombotic deep venous incompetence Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 35 2008 487 493
M. Lugli, S. Guerzoni, M. Garofalo, G. Smedile, and O. Maleti Neovalve construction in deep venous incompetence J Vasc Surg 49 2009 156 162
N.P. Makarova, F. Lurie, and S.M. Hmelniker Does surgical correction of the superficial femoral vein valve change the course of varicose disease? J Vasc Surg 33 2001 361 368
E.M. Masuda, and R.L. Kistner Long-term results of venous valve reconstruction: a four- to twenty-one-year follow-up J Vasc Surg 19 1994 391 403
M. Perrin, B. Hiltbrand, and J.M. Bayon Results of valvuloplasty in patients presenting deep venous insufficiency and recurring ulceration Ann Vasc Surg 13 1999 524 532
S. Raju, R.K. Fredericks, P.N. Neglen, and J.D. Bass Durability of venous valve reconstruction techniques for "primary" and postthrombotic reflux J Vasc Surg 23 1996 357 366
S. Raju, and J.D. Hardy Technical options in venous valve reconstruction Am J Surg 173 1997 301 307
S. Raju, M.A. Berry, and P. Neglen Transcommissural valvuloplasty: technique and results J Vasc Surg 32 2000 969 976
S. Raju, R. Darcey, and P. Neglen Unexpected major role for venous stenting in deep reflux disease J Vasc Surg 51 2010 401 408
A. Rosales, J.J. Jorgensen, C.E. Slagsvold, E. Stranden, O. Risum, and A.J. Kroese Venous valve reconstruction in patients with secondary chronic venous insufficiency Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 36 2008 466 472
S.A. Taheri, R. Heffner, T. Budd, and L.H. Pollack Five years' experience with vein valve transplant World J Surg 10 1986 935 937
R. Tripathi, K. Sieunarine, M. Abbas, and N. Durrani Deep venous valve reconstruction for non-healing leg ulcers: techniques and results ANZ J Surg 74 2004 34 39
M. Us, M. Basaran, S. Sanioglu, N.T. Ogus, C. Ozbek, and T. Yildirim The use of external banding increases the durability of transcommissural external deep venous valve repair Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 33 2007 494 501
S.M. Wang, Z.J. Hu, S.Q. Li, X.L. Huang, and C.S. Ye Effect of external valvuloplasty of the deep vein in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency of the lower extremity J Vasc Surg 44 2006 1296 1300
S.C. Hardy, G. Riding, and A. Abidia Surgery for deep venous incompetence Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004 CD001097
O. Maleti, and M. Perrin Reconstructive surgery for deep vein reflux in the lower limbs: techniques, results and indications Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 41 2011 837 848
L. Jones, B.D. Braithwaite, D. Selwyn, S. Cooke, and J.J. Earnshaw Neovascularisation is the principal cause of varicose vein recurrence: results of a randomised trial of stripping the long saphenous vein Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 12 1996 442 445
D. Negus Recurrent varicose veins: a national problem Br J Surg 80 1993 823 824
R. Fischer, J.G. Chandler, M.G. De Maeseneer, N. Frings, M. Lefebvre-Vilarbedo, and J.J. Earnshaw The unresolved problem of recurrent saphenofemoral reflux J Am Coll Surg 195 2002 80 94
M.R. Perrin, J.J. Guex, C.V. Ruckley, R.G. dePalma, J.P. Royle, and B. Eklöf Recurrent varices after surgery (REVAS), a consensus document. REVAS group Cardiovasc Surg 8 2000 233 245
M. Perrin, and F.A. Allaert Intra- and inter-observer reproducibility of the Recurrent Varicose Veins after Surgery (REVAS) classification Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 32 2006 326 332
A.M. van Rij, G.T. Jones, G.B. Hill, and P. Jiang Neovascularization and recurrent varicose veins: more histologic and ultrasound evidence J Vasc Surg 40 2004 296 302
P. Marsh, J. Holdstock, C. Harrison, C. Smith, B.A. Price, and M.S. Whiteley Pelvic vein reflux in female patients with varicose veins: comparison of incidence between a specialist private vein clinic and the vascular department of a National Health Service District General Hospital Phlebology 24 2009 108 113
T. Hiromura, T. Nishioka, S. Nishioka, H. Ikeda, and K. Tomita Reflux in the left ovarian vein: analysis of MDCT findings in asymptomatic women Am J Roentgenol 183 2004 1411 1415
E. Balian, J. Lasry, G. Coppe, H. Borie, A. Leroux, and D. Bryon Pelviperineal venous insufficiency and variocse veins of the lower limbs Phlebolymphology 15 2008 2
G. Asciutto, A. Mumme, K.C. Asciutto, and B. Geier Oestradiol levels in varicose vein blood of patients with and without pelvic vein incompetence (PVI): diagnostic implications Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 40 2010 117 121
A. Bergqvist, D. Bergqvist, and M. Ferno Estrogen and progesterone receptors in vessel walls. Biochemical and immunochemical assays Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 72 1993 10 16
A. Mashiah, V. Berman, H.H. Thole, S.S. Rose, S. Pasik, and H. Schwarz Estrogen and progesterone receptors in normal and varicose saphenous veins Cardiovasc Surg 7 1999 327 331
L. Blomgren, G. Johansson, L. Emanuelsson, A. Dahlberg-Akerman, P. Thermaenius, and D. Bergqvist Late follow-up of a randomized trial of routine duplex imaging before varicose vein surgery Br J Surg 98 2011 1112 1116
N.S. Theivacumar, R.J. Darwood, D. Dellegrammaticas, A.I. Mavor, and M.J. Gough The clinical significance of below-knee great saphenous vein reflux following endovenous laser ablation of above-knee great saphenous vein Phlebology 24 2009 17 20
R.F. Merchant, O. Pichot, and G. Closure Study Long-term outcomes of endovenous radiofrequency obliteration of saphenous reflux as a treatment for superficial venous insufficiency J Vasc Surg 42 2005 502 509
L. Blomgren, G. Johansson, A.A. Dahlberg, A. Noren, C. Brundin, and E. Nordstrom Recurrent varicose veins: incidence, risk factors and groin anatomy Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 27 2004 269 274
M.G. De Maeseneer The role of postoperative neovascularisation in recurrence of varicose veins: from historical background to today's evidence Acta Chir Belg 104 2004 283 289
A. Munasinghe, C. Smith, B. Kianifard, B.A. Price, J.M. Holdstock, and M.S. Whiteley Strip-track revascularization after stripping of the great saphenous vein Br J Surg 94 2007 840 843
C.S. Lim, M.S. Gohel, A.C. Shepherd, E. Paleolog, and A.H. Davies Venous hypoxia: a poorly studied etiological factor of varicose veins J Vasc Res 48 2011 185 194
M. Brake, C.S. Lim, A.C. Shepherd, J. Shalhoub, and A.H. Davies Pathogenesis and etiology of recurrent varicose veins J Vasc Surg 57 2013 860 868
T. Luebke, and J. Brunkwall Systematic review and meta-analysis of endovenous radiofrequency obliteration, endovenous laser therapy, and foam sclerotherapy for primary varicosis J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 49 2008 213 233
C. Allegra, P.L. Antignani, and A. Carlizza Recurrent varicose veins following surgical treatment: our experience with five years follow-up Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 33 2007 751 756
A. Gandhi, F. Froghi, A.C. Shepherd, J. Shalhoub, C.S. Lim, and M.S. Gohel A study of patient satisfaction following endothermal ablation for varicose veins Vasc Endovascular Surg 44 2010 274 278
P. Pittaluga, S. Chastanet, T. Locret, and O. Rousset Retrospective evaluation of the need of a redo surgery at the groin for the surgical treatment of varicose vein J Vasc Surg 51 2010 1442 1450
M. De Maeseneer Surgery for recurrent varicose veins: toward a less-invasive approach? Perspect Vasc Surg Endovasc Ther 23 2011 244 249
N. Nwaejike, P.D. Srodon, and C. Kyriakides Endovenous laser ablation for the treatment of recurrent varicose vein disease - a single centre experience Int J Surg 8 2010 299 301
L. van Groenendael, L. Flinkenflogel, J.A. van der Vliet, E.A. Roovers, S.M. van Sterkenburg, and M.M. Reijnen Conventional surgery and endovenous laser ablation of recurrent varicose veins of the small saphenous vein: a retrospective clinical comparison and assessment of patient satisfaction Phlebology 25 2010 151 157
P.B. Dimakakos, and T.E. Kotsis Arteriovenous malformations C.D. Liapis, Vascular Surgery; European Manual of Medicine 2007 Springer New York 573 583
P. Redondo Malformaciones vasculares (I). Concepto, clasificación, fisiopatogenia y manifestaciones clínicas Actas Dermo-sifiliogr 98 2007 141 158
J.B. Mulliken, and J. Glowacki Hemangiomas and vascular malformations in infants and children: a classification based on endothelial characteristics Plast Reconstr Surg 69 1982 412 422
J.B. Mulliken Vascular malformations of the head and neck J.B. Mulliken, A.E. Young, Vascular birthmarks, haemangiomas and vascular malformations 1988 Saunders Philadelphia
S. Belov Classification of congenital vascular defects Int Angiol 9 1990 141 146
S. Puig, H. Aref, V. Chigot, B. Bonin, and F. Brunelle Classification of venous malformations in children and implications for sclerotherapy Pediatr Radiol 33 2003 99 103
G.M. Legiehn, and M.K. Heran Venous malformations: classification, development, diagnosis, and interventional radiologic management Radiol Clin North Am 46 2008 545-597, vi
L.M. Boon, J.B. Mulliken, O. Enjolras, and M. Vikkula Glomuvenous malformation (glomangioma) and venous malformation: distinct clinicopathologic and genetic entities Arch Dermatol 140 2004 971 976
J. Dubois, G. Soulez, V.L. Oliva, M.J. Berthiaume, C. Lapierre, and E. Therasse Soft-tissue venous malformations in adult patients: imaging and therapeutic issues Radiographics 21 2001 1519 1531
E. Mazoyer, O. Enjolras, C. Laurian, E. Houdart, and L. Drouet Coagulation abnormalities associated with extensive venous malformations of the limbs: differentiation from Kasabach-Merritt syndrome Clin Lab Haematol 24 2002 243 251
I. Trop, J. Dubois, L. Guibaud, A. Grignon, H. Patriquin, and C. McCuaig Soft-tissue venous malformations in pediatric and young adult patients: diagnosis with Doppler US Radiology 212 1999 841 845
U. Ernemann, U. Kramer, S. Miller, S. Bisdas, H. Rebmann, and H. Breuninger Current concepts in the classification, diagnosis and treatment of vascular anomalies Eur J Radiol 75 2010 2 11
O. Enjolras, D. Ciabrini, E. Mazoyer, C. Laurian, and D. Herbreteau Extensive pure venous malformations in the upper or lower limb: a review of 27 cases J Am Acad Dermatol 36 1997 219 225
R. Rautio, J. Saarinen, J. Laranne, J.P. Salenius, and L. Keski-Nisula Endovascular treatment of venous malformations in extremities: results of sclerotherapy and the quality of life after treatment Acta Radiol 45 2004 397 403
B.B. Lee, Y.S. Do, H.S. Byun, I.W. Choo, D.I. Kim, and S.H. Huh Advanced management of venous malformation with ethanol sclerotherapy: mid-term results J Vasc Surg 37 2003 533 538
K.T. Tan, J. Kirby, D.K. Rajan, E. Hayeems, J.R. Beecroft, and M.E. Simons Percutaneous sodium tetradecyl sulfate sclerotherapy for peripheral venous vascular malformations: a single-center experience J Vasc Interv Radiol 18 2007 343 351
S. Blaise, M. Charavin-Cocuzza, H. Riom, M. Brix, C. Seinturier, and J.M. Diamand Treatment of low-flow vascular malformations by ultrasound-guided sclerotherapy with polidocanol foam: 24 cases and literature review Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 41 2011 412 417
T. Yamaki, M. Nozaki, H. Sakurai, M. Takeuchi, K. Soejima, and T. Kono Prospective randomized efficacy of ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy compared with ultrasound-guided liquid sclerotherapy in the treatment of symptomatic venous malformations J Vasc Surg 47 2008 578 584
M. Klippel, and P. Trenaunay Du naevus variqueux osteohypertrophique Arch Gen Med 3 1900 641 672
A. Lee, D. Driscoll, P. Gloviczki, R. Clay, W. Shaughnessy, and A. Stans Evaluation and management of pain in patients with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome: a review Pediatrics 115 2005 744 749
P.A. Baskerville, J.S. Ackroyd, and N.L. Browse The etiology of the Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome Ann Surg 202 1985 624 627
M. Servelle, and J. Babillot Les malformations des veines profondes dans le syndrome de Klippel et Trenaunay Phlébologie 33 1980 31 36
X.L. Tian, R. Kadaba, S.A. You, M. Liu, A.A. Timur, and L. Yang Identification of an angiogenic factor that when mutated causes susceptibility to Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome Nature 427 2004 640 645
A.A. Noel, P. Gloviczki, K.J. Cherry Jr., T.W. Rooke, A.W. Stanson, and D.J. Driscoll Surgical treatment of venous malformations in Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome J Vasc Surg 32 2000 840 847
M.I. Chaudry, M.U. Manzoor, R.D. Turner, and A.S. Turk Diagnostic imaging of vascular anomalies Facial Plast Surg 28 2012 563 574
A.G. Jacob, D.J. Driscoll, W.J. Shaughnessy, A.W. Stanson, R.P. Clay, and P. Gloviczki Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome: spectrum and management Mayo Clin Proc 73 1998 28 36
P.A. Baskerville, J.S. Ackroyd, M. Lea Thomas, and N.L. Browse The Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome: clinical, radiological and haemodynamic features and management Br J Surg 72 1985 232 236
P. Gloviczki, and D.J. Driscoll Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome: current management Phlebology 22 2007 291 298
M.I. Zea, M. Hanif, M. Habib, and A. Ansari Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome: a case report with brief review of literature J Dermatol Case Rep 3 2009 56 59
S. Nitecki, and A. Bass Ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy in patients with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome Isr Med Assoc J 9 2007 72 75
P. Gloviczki, A.W. Stanson, G.B. Stickler, C.M. Johnson, B.J. Toomey, and N.B. Meland Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome: the risks and benefits of vascular interventions Surgery 110 1991 469 479
K. Frasier, G. Giangola, R. Rosen, and D.T. Ginat Endovascular radiofrequency ablation: a novel treatment of venous insufficiency in Klippel-Trenaunay patients J Vasc Surg 47 2008 1339 1345
K. King, M. Landrigan-Ossar, R. Clemens, G. Chaudry, and A. Alomari The use of endovenous laser treatment in toddlers J Vasc Interv Radiol 24 2013 855 858
N.R. Abdul-Rahman, K.F. Mohammad, and S. Ibrahim Gigantism of the lower limb in Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome: anatomy of the lateral marginal vein Singapore Med J 50 2009 e223 e225
N. Revencu, L.M. Boon, J.B. Mulliken, O. Enjolras, M.R. Cordisco, and P.E. Burrows Parkes Weber syndrome, vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation, and other fast-flow vascular anomalies are caused by RASA1 mutations Hum Mutat 29 2008 959 965
D.J. Robertson Congenital arteriovenous fistulae of the extremities Ann R Coll Surg Engl 18 1956 73 98
M.M. Cohen Jr. Vascular update: morphogenesis, tumors, malformations, and molecular dimensions Am J Med Genet A 140 2006 2013 2038
O. Konez, M. Ruggieri, and C. Di Rocco Parkes Weber syndrome M. Ruggieri, I. Pascual-Castroviejo, C. Di Rocco, Neurocutaneous disorders phakomatoses and hamartoneoplastic syndromes 2008 Springer Wien, Germany 277 285
O. Giron-Vallejo, J.C. Lopez-Gutierrez, and I. Fernandez-Pineda Diagnosis and treatment of Parkes Weber syndrome: a review of 10 consecutive patients Ann Vasc Surg 27 2013 820 825