Leucocytes and lipid particles filtration in suction blood during cardiopulmonary bypass: impact on kidney function evaluated with a monocentric prospective randomized study.

OBJECTIVE: Cardiac surgery may be complicated by acute kidney injury (AKI). Cardiotomy suction during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is deleterious. A few studies have demonstrated that shed mediastinal blood (SMB) suction during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) can increase inflammatory response and lipids emboli. These 2 factors contribute to the development of postoperative AKI.
The RemoweLL (RemoweLeucoLipids, Eurosets™, Italy) filter is a recent designed cardiotomy with a multilayer filter for activated leucocytes filtration and a syphon for lipid particles sequestration. The SMB can be collected and filtered in this supplementary cardiotomy added to CPB circuit.
The aim of this monocentric prospective study was to compare the specific RemoweLL cardiotomy filtration for suction blood during CPB and a conventional 40 µm filter (Admiral, Eurosets™, Italy). The primary goal was to evaluate the AKI within 48 hours after surgery using the Acute Kidney Injury Network classification (AKIN classification) but also measuring early specific biomarkers of AKI: serum Cystatine C and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL).

METHODS: Sixty patients scheduled for elective cardiac surgery (aortic or mitral valvular combined or not with coronary bypass grafting) with a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) > 45mL/min. were randomly into 2 groups for SMB filtration:
- Groupe 1 (n=30) with RemoweLL cardiotomy (Leucocytes and lipids filter);
- Groupe 2 (n=30) with Admiral cardiotomy (conventional 40 µm filter).
All components: venous reservoir, oxygenator and surface treatment were similar in both groups.