Matamemory; Self-Awareness; Traumatic Brain Injury; Executive Function
Abstract :
[en] In this study, we investigated the influence of children’s level of executive functioning on two types of metamemory knowledge following a traumatic brain injury (TBI). For this purpose, 22 children (aged 7 to 14 years) who had sustained a moderate to severe TBI and 44 typically developing children were recruited. Children with TBI were divided into two groups according to the severity of their executive impairment. Injury severity was determined by the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score on admission or by the duration of unconsciousness. All children were then tested on both their knowledge of general memory functioning and their level of memory self-awareness, respectively assessed using total number of correct responses on an adapted version of Kreutzer et al.’s metamemory interview and a self-other discrepancy score on a questionnaire evaluating everyday memory abilities. Data analyses revealed that participants with TBI who suffered impaired executive functions demonstrated less general metamemory knowledge, and underestimated the frequency of their memory problems, compared with children with TBI who had preserved executive functions and with control participants. Considering the well-established effect of metamemory knowledge on people’s spontaneous implementation of strategies, the interest and the importance of these findings on both theoretical and clinical grounds are discussed.
Disciplines :
Theoretical & cognitive psychology
Author, co-author :
Geurten, Marie ; Université de Liège > Département de Psychologie : cognition et comportement > Neuropsychologie
Chevignard, Mathilde
Kerrouche, Bernadette
Tiberghien, Anne
Meulemans, Thierry ; Université de Liège > Doyen de la Fac. de Psych., Logopédie et Sc. de l'Education
Language :
English
Title :
Metamemory Following Childhood Brain Injury: A Consequence of Executive Impairment
Publication date :
2017
Journal title :
Child Neuropsychology: A Journal on Normal and Abnormal Development in Childhood and Adolescence
ISSN :
0929-7049
eISSN :
1744-4136
Publisher :
Psychology Press Taylor & Francis, Lisse, Netherlands
Volume :
23
Issue :
1
Pages :
67-82
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Funders :
F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique [BE]
Anderson, V. A., Catroppa, C., Morse, S. A., & Haritou, F., (1999). Functional memory skills following traumatic brain injury in young children. Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 3, 159–166. doi:10.1080/136384999289432
Antshel, K. M., & Nastasi, R., (2008). Metamemory development in preschool children with ADHD. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 29, 403–411. doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2008.06.007
Barnes, M. A., & Dennis, M., (2001). Knowledge-based inferencing after childhood head injury. Brain and Language, 76, 253–265. doi:10.1006/brln.2000.2385
Bivona, U., Ciurli, P., Barba, C., Onder, G., Azicnuda, E., Silvestro, D., … Formisano, R., (2008). Executive function and metacognitive self-awareness after severe traumatic brain injury. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 14, 862–868. doi:10.1017/S1355617708081125
Bogod, N. M., Mateer, C. A., & Macdonald, S. W. S., (2003). Self-awareness after traumatic brain injury:A comparison of measures and their relationship to executive functions. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 9, 450–458. doi:10.1017/S1355617703930104
Brown, A., (2002). Consolidation theory and retrograde amnesia in humans. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 9, 403–425. doi:10.3758/BF03196300
Catroppa, C., & Anderson, V., (2007). Recovery in memory function, and its relationship to academic success, at 24 months following pediatric TBI. Child Neuropsychology, 13(3), 240–261. doi:10.1080/09297040600837362
Cicerone, K. D., Dahlberg, C., Malec, J. F., Langenbahn, D. M., Felicetti, T., Kneipp, S., … Catanese, J., (2005). Evidence-based cognitive rehabilitation:Updated review of the literature from 1998 through 2002. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 86, 1681–1692. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2005.03.024
Ciurli, P., Bivona, U., Barba, C., Onder, G., Silvestro, D., Azicnuda, E., … Formisano, R., (2010). Metacognitive unawareness correlates with executive function impairment after severe traumatic brain injury. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 16, 360–368. doi:10.1017/s135561770999141x
Cohen, M., (1997). Children’s memory scale (CMS). San Antonio, TX:The Psychological Corporation.
Cragg, L., & Nation, K., (2007). Self-ordered pointing as a test of working memory in typically developing children. Memory, 15, 526–535. doi:10.1080/09658210701390750
Crowther, J. E., Hanten, G., Li, X., Dennis, M., Chapman, S. B., & Levin, H. S., (2011). Impairments in learning, memory, and metamemory following childhood head injury. The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 26, 192–201. doi:10.1097/HTR.0b013e318218dd22
das Nair, R., & Lincoln, N. B., (2012). Evaluation of rehabilitation of memory in neurological disabilities (ReMiND):A randomized controlled trial. Clinical Rehabilitation, 26, 894–903. doi:10.1177/0269215511435424
DeMarie, D., Miller, P. H., Ferron, J., & Cunningham, W. R., (2004). Path analysis tests of theoretical models of children’s memory performance. Journal of Cognition and Development, 5, 461–492. doi:10.1207/s15327647jcd0504_4
Farmer, J. E., Haut, J. S., Williams, J., Kapila, C., Johnstone, B., & Kirk, K. S., (1999). Comprehensive assessment of memory functioning following traumatic brain injury in children. Developmental Neuropsychology, 15, 269–289. doi:10.1080/87565649909540749
Fernandez-Duque, D., Baird, J. A., & Posner, M. I., (2000). Executive attention and metacognitive regulation. Consciousness and Cognition, 9, 288–307. doi:10.1006/ccog.2000.0447
Flavell, J. H., (1979). Metacognition and cognitive monitoring:A new area of cognitive–developmental inquiry. American Psychologist, 34, 906–911. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.34.10.906
Fleming, J. M., Shum, D., Strong, J., & Lightbody, S., (2005). Prospective memory rehabilitation for adults with traumatic brain injury:A compensatory training programme. Brain Injury, 19, 1–10. doi:10.1080/02699050410001720059
Fleming, J. M., Strong, J., & Ashton, R., (1996). Self-awareness of deficits in adults with traumatic brain injury:How best to measure? Brain Injury, 10, 1–15. doi:10.1080/026990596124674
Fritz, K., Howie, P., & Kleitman, S., (2010). “How do I remember when I got my dog?” The structure and development of children’s metamemory. Metacognition and Learning, 5, 207–228. doi:10.1007/s11409-010-9058-0
Geurten, M., Catale, C., & Meulemans, T., (2015). When children’s knowledge of memory improves children’s performance in memory. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 29, 244–252. doi:10.10002/acp.3102
Geurten, M., Lejeune, C., & Meulemans, T., (2015). Time’s up! Involvement of metamemory knowledge, executive functions, and time monitoring in children’s prospective memory performance. Child Neuropsychology. Advance online publication. doi:10.1080/09297049.2014.998642
Grammer, J. K., Purtell, K. M., Coffman, J. L., & Ornstein, P. A., (2011). Relations between children’s metamemory and strategic performance:Time-varying covariates in early elementary school. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 108, 139–155. doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2010.08.001
Hanten, G., Dennis, M., Zhang, L., Barnes, M., Roberson, G., Archibald, J., … Levin, H. S., (2004). Childhood head injury and metacognitive processes in language and memory. Developmental Neuropsychology, 25, 85–106. doi:10.1080/87565641.2004.9651923
Hodzik, S., & Lemaire, P., (2011). Inhibition and shifting capacities mediate adults’ age-related differences in strategy selection and repertoire. Acta Psychologica, 137, 335–344. doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2011.04.002
Hutchens, R. L., Kinsella, G. J., Ong, B., Pike, K. E., Parsons, S., Storey, E., … Clare, L., (2012). Knowledge and use of memory strategies in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Psychology and Aging, 27, 768–777. doi:10.1037/a0026256
Kaschel, R., Sala, S. D., Cantagallo, A., Fahlböck, A., Laaksonen, R., & Kazen, M., (2002). Imagery mnemonics for the rehabilitation of memory:A randomised group controlled trial. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 12, 127–153. doi:10.1080/09602010143000211
Kennedy, M. R. T., & Coelho, C., (2005). Self-regulation after traumatic brain injury:A framework for intervention of memory and problem solving. Seminars in Speech and Language, 26, 242–255. doi:10.1055/s-2005-922103
Kreutzer, M. A., Leonard, C., & Flavell, J. H., (1975). An interview study of children’s knowledge about memory. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 40, 1–60. doi:10.2307/1165955
Lachman, M. E., & Andreoletti, C., (2006). Strategy use mediates the relationship between control beliefs and memory performance for middle-aged and older adults. The Journals of Gerontology Series B:Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 61, 88–94. doi:10.1093/geronb/61.2.P88
Lemaire, P., (2010). Cognitive strategy variations during aging. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19, 363–369. doi:10.1177/0963721410390354
Mandalis, A., Kinsella, G., Ong, B., & Anderson, V., (2007). Working memory and new learning following pediatric traumatic brain injury. Developmental Neuropsychology, 32, 683–701. doi:10.1080/87565640701376045
Maxwell, S. E., (2000). Sample size and multiple regression analysis. Psychological Methods, 5, 434–458. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.5.4.434
Meeter, M., & Murre, J. M. J., (2004). Consolidation of long-term memory:Evidence and alternatives. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 843–857. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.130.6.843
Miller, L. J., & Donders, J., (2003). Prediction of educational outcome after pediatric traumatic brain injury. Rehabilitation Psychology, 48, 237–241. doi:10.1037/0090-5550.48.4.237
Morris, R. G., & Mograbi, D. C., (2013). Anosognosia, autobiographical memory and self knowledge in Alzheimer’s disease. Cortex, 49, 1553–1565. doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2012.09.006
Morton, N., & Barker, L., (2010). The contribution of injury severity, executive and implicit functions to awareness of deficits after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 16, 1089–1098. doi:10.1017/S1355617710000925
Ownsworth, T. L., McFarland, K., & Young, R. M., (2002). The investigation of factors underlying deficits in self-awareness and self-regulation. Brain Injury, 16, 291–309. doi:doi:10.1080/02699050110103986
Poncelet, M., & Van der Linden, M., (2003). L’évaluation du stock phonologique de la mémoire de travail:élaboration d’une épreuve de répétition de non-mots pour population francophone. Revue De Neuropsychologie, 13, 377–407.
Pressley, M., & Schneider, W., (1997). Introduction to memory:Development during childhood and adolescence. Mahwah, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Raaijmakers, M. A., Smidts, D. P., Sergeant, J. A., Maassen, G. H., Posthumus, J. A., van Engeland, H., & Matthys, W., (2008). Executive functions in preschool children with aggressive behavior:Impairments in inhibitory control. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 36, 1097–1107. doi:10.1007/s10802-008-9235-7
Schneider, W., (2008). The development of metacognitive knowledge in children and adolescents:Major trends and implications for education. Mind, Brain, and Education, 2, 114–121. doi:10.1111/j.1751-228X.2008.00041.x
Sherer, M., Hart, T., Nick, T. G., Whyte, J., Thompson, R. N., & Yablon, S. A., (2003). Early impaired self-awareness after traumatic brain injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 84, 168–176. doi:10.1053/apmr.2003.50045
Shin, H., Bjorklund, D. F., & Beck, E. F., (2007). The adaptive nature of children’s overestimation in a strategic memory task. Cognitive Development, 22, 197–212. doi:10.1016/j.cogdev.2006.10.001
Smith, M. M., & Arnett, P. A., (2010). Awareness of executive functioning deficits in multiple sclerosis:Self versus informant ratings of impairment. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 32, 780–787. doi:10.1080/13803390903540307
Teasdale, G., & Jennett, B., (1974). Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness. A practical scale. TheLancet, 304, 81–84. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(74)91639-0
Troyer, A. K., & Rich, J. B., (2002). Psychometric properties of a new metamemory questionnaire for older adults. The Journals of Gerontology Series B:Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 57, 19–27. doi:10.1093/geronb/57.1.P19
Tulving, E., (2002). Episodic memory:From mind to brain. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 1–25. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135114
Vakil, E., (2005). The effect of moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) on different aspects of memory:A selective review. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 27, 977–1021. doi:10.1080/13803390490919245
Wechsler, D., (2005). Echelle d’intelligence de Wechsler pour enfants:WISC-IV. Paris:Les Editions du Centre de Psychologie Appliquée.
Wilson, B., (1992). Recovery and compensatory strategies in head injured memory impaired people several years after insult. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 55, 177–180. doi:10.1136/jnnp.55.3.177
Zimmermann, P., Gondan, M., & Fimm, B., (2005). kiTAP. Test d’évaluation de l’attention. Version pour enfants. Herzogenrath:Psytest.
