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Abstract :
[en] The accessibility and the location of new and existing urban projects are key factors for the sustainability of our built environments. Previous scientific research have shown that both the location of neighborhoods (that is to say their proximity to work places, schools facilities, services etc.) as well as their accessibility (proximity of infrastructures, bus services, etc.) have a huge impact on modal share (especially the ability to use active commuting for daily travel), travelled distances and thus on emissions of greenhouse gas and health of inhabitants. In a view of sustainability, the location of new and planned urban projects should be carefully assessed in order to favor the development of local communities encouraging the use of public transportation and active commuting (foot, bicycle). Local authorities should also be able to assess the potentialities of different Brownfield and Greenfields on their territories and define where to authorize the development of new urban projects, in order to inscribe them in a concrete vision of sustainability. In the first part of the chapter, we propose a synthetic review of the scientific literature dealing with the relationships between location, accessibility and commuting. Then, we analyze how location and accessibility are taken into account in several existing neighborhood sustainability assessment tools. Based on the ascertainments that sustainable mobility, location and accessibility criteria are given less importance than criteria related to building energy performance or green spaces and, that existing sustainability assessment tools are mainly developed for experts, we propose two frameworks to assess the location and the accessibility of buildings and neighborhoods. These two frameworks are especially designed for a non-expert audience (citizens, local authorities, developers, etc.), within the Walloon (Belgian) context. To conclude the chapter, the reproducibility of our work is discussed and our main findings are summarized.
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