Cancer du sein: intérêt du bilan d’extension par imagerie lors du diagnostic initial et du suivi les trois premières années après le diagnostic

In our region, repeated tumor staging by radiological procedures aiming to detect relapses and/or metastases from breast cancer is frequently performed. However, these procedures are not recommended by current international guidelines. We retrospectively analyzed the charts from 818 patients with a new diagnosis of breast cancer seen at CHU Liege between 2005 and 2009. We assessed the role of staging procedures at initial diagnosis and during follow-up the first 3 years after the diagnosis of breast cancer. Twenty-six patients presented with metastatic disease at diagnosis and 55 patients developed loco-regional relapses or metastases during follow-up. For asymptomatic patients, imaging procedures only detected tumor metastases or relapse without elevated tumor markers in 9 patients at initial diagnosis and 10 patients during follow-up. The diagnosis of an asymptomatic relapse and/or metastases had no positive impact on progression-free or overall survival. The anatomic extension identified patients at high risk for presenting distant metastases already at the time of initial diagnosis and the biological aggressiveness evaluated by Ki-67 was an important prognostic factor for early relapse. In view of these results, we do not recommend staging and searching for metastatic disease in asymptomatic patients presenting early stage breast cancer with low expression of the Ki-67 at the time of initial diagnosis. We also do not recommend repeated staging and searching for metastases by imaging in asymptomatic patients during routine follow-up. Staging should only be performed if a relapse is suspected during follow-up.