task-difficulty; motivation; performance; behavior; well
Abstract :
[en] The Motive to Achieve Success (MAS) and the Motive to Avoid Failure (MAF) are the most widely measured factors of achievement motivation. The relationships between MAS and MAF are controversial. To test the validity of these relations, we compared three models with different relationships between MAS and MAF by confirmatory factor analyses. Items from the achievement motivation subscale of the personality research form (Jackson, 1999) and from the motive to avoid failure scale (Hagtvet & Benson, 1997) were administrated to a large sample (N = 1179). The model in which MAS and MAF were separable and weakly correlated factors showed better results than independent and unitary models. Implications for the selection of participants were also discussed.
Disciplines :
Theoretical & cognitive psychology
Author, co-author :
Capa, Rémi ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de Psychologie : cognition et comportement > Psycho. de la personnalité et des différences individuelles
Audiffren, M.
Andre, N.
Hansenne, Michel ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences cognitives > Psycho. de la personnalité et des différences individuelles
Language :
English
Title :
FURTHER EVIDENCE OF INDEPENDENCE BETWEEN THE MOTIVE TO ACHIEVE SUCCESS AND THE MOTIVE TO AVOID FAILURE: A CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS
Atkinson, J.W., & Feather, N.T. (1966). A theory of achievement motivation. New York: Wiley.
Atkinson, J.W., & Litwin, G.H. (1960). Achievement motive and test anxiety conceived as motive to approach success and motive to avoid failure. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 60, 52-63.
Baumann, N., Kaschel, R., & Kuhl, J. (2005). Striving for unwanted goals: Stressdependent discrepancies between explicit and implicit achievement motives reduce subjective well-being and increase psychosomatic symptoms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 781-799. (Pubitemid 43246404)
Byrne, Z.S., Mueller-Hanson, R.A., Cardador, J.M., Thornton III, G.C, Schuler, H., Frintrup, A. et al. (2004). Measuring achievement motivation: Tests of equivalency for English, German, and Israeli versions of the achievement motivation inventory. Personality and Individual Differences, 37, 203-217. (Pubitemid 38760795)
Capa, R.L., Audiffren, M., & Ragot, S. (2008a). The effects of achievement motivation, task difficulty, and goal difficulty on physiological, behavioral, and subjective effort. Psychophysiology, 45, 859-868.
Capa, R.L., Audiffren, M., & Ragot, S. (2008b). The interactive effect of achievement motivation and task difficulty on mental effort. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 70, 144-150.
Covington, M.V., & Roberts, B.W. (1994). Self-worth and college achievement: Motivational and personality correlates. In P.R. Pintrich, D.R. Brown, & C.E. Weinstein (Eds.), Student motivation, cognition, and learning. Essays in honor of Wilbert J. McKeachie (pp. 157-187). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Curran, P.J., West, S.G., & Finch, J.F. (1996). The robustness of test statistics to nonnormality and specification error in confirmatory factor analysis. Psychological Methods, 1, 16-29. (Pubitemid 126421251)
Elbe, A.-M., & Wenhold, F. (2005). Cross-cultural test-control criteria for the achievement motives scale-sport. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 3, 163-177.
Elliot, A.J. (2008). Handbook of approach and avoidance motivation. New York, Psychology Press.
Elliot, A.J., & Church, M.A. (1997). A hierarchical model of approach and avoidance achievement motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 218232.
Elliot, A.J., & McGregor, H.A. (2001). A 2×2 achievement goal framework. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 501-519.
Franken, R.E., & Brown, D.J. (1995). Why do people like competition? The motivation for winning, putting forth effort, improving one's performance, performing well, being instrumental, and expressing forceful/aggressive behavior. Personality and Individual Differences, 19, 175-184.
Guadagnoli, E., & Velicer, W.F. (1988). Relation to sample size to the stability of component patterns. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 265-275.
Hagtvet, K.A., & Benson, J. (1997). The motive to avoid failure and test anxiety responses: Empirical support for integration of two research traditions. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 10, 35-57. (Pubitemid 127411843)
Herman, W.E. (1990). Fear of failure as a distinctive personality trait measure of test anxiety. Journal of Research and Development in Education, 23, 180-185.
Hu, L., & Bentler, P.M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55.
Humphreys, M.S., & Revelle, W. (1984). Personality, motivation, and performance: A theory of the relationship between individual differences and information processing. Psychological Review, 91, 153-184.
Jackson, D.N. (1974). Manual for the Personality Research Form. Port Huron: Research Psychologists Press.
Jackson, D.N. (1999). PRF-Formule E. Port Huron: Research Psychologists Press.
Kazén, M., & Kuhl, J. (2005). Intention memory and achievement motivation: Volitional facilitation and inhibition as a function of affective contents of needrelated stimuli. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 426-448. (Pubitemid 41634726)
Martin, A.J., Marsh, H.W., & Debus, R.L. (2001). A quadripolar need achievement representation of self-handicapping and defensive pessimism. American Educational Research Journal, 38, 583-610.
McClelland, D.C. (1951). Personality. New York: William Sloane Assoc.
McClelland, D.C., Atkinson, J.W., Clark, R.A., & Lowell, E.L. (1953). The achievement motive. East Norwalk, CT: Appleton Century Crofts.
Nunnally, J.C. (1978). Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Puca, R.M. (2005). The influence of the achievement motive on probability estimates in pre- and post-decisional action phases. Journal of Research in Personality, 39, 245-262.
Schapkin, S.A., Falkenstein, M., Marks, A., & Griefahn, B. (2007). Noise aftereffects and brain processes: Mediating role of achievement motivation. Journal of Psychophysiology, 21, 1-8. (Pubitemid 46671764)
Spence, J., & Helmreich, R. (1983). Achievement-related motives and behaviors. In J. Spence (Ed.), Achievement and achievement motives: Psychological and sociological approaches (pp. 10-74). San Francisco: Freeman.