Jatropha curcas; facteur écologique; pratique culturale; facteur de rendement; Afrique au sud du Sahara; ecology; cultivation; yield; Africa South of Sahara
Abstract :
[fr] Dans la plupart des pays de l'Afrique subsaharienne, la mise en place des plantations de Jatropha curcas L. a précédé les recherches scientifiques nécessaires à l'optimisation de la production de cette espèce. En conséquence, le développement des plantes a été faible et les rendements obtenus au cours des premières années de culture ont le plus souvent été décevants. Les faibles niveaux de rendement obtenus, en conditions marginales, ont amené à considérer que la culture du Jatropha ne pouvait être rentable que dans des zones aux sols et au climat les plus propices, ce qui la mettrait en concurrence directe avec la production alimentaire. Le présent article analyse des connaissances scientifiques disponibles concernant les facteurs écologiques et techniques qui influencent la productivité de J. curcas et propose des pistes de solutions pour l'amélioration de son rendement en Afrique subsaharienne. [en] In most sub-Saharan African countries, the establishment of Jatropha curcas L. plantations preceded the scientific investigations necessary to optimize the production of this species. Consequently, the development of the plants was low and yields during the first years of cultivation were mostly disappointing. The low yields obtained in marginal conditions led to the belief that the cultivation of Jatropha could only be profitable in areas with fertile soils and sufficiently humid climates, which would place the plants in direct competition with food production. This article analyzes the available scientific knowledge regarding the ecological and technical factors influencing the productivity of J. curcas and suggests possible solutions for improving its performance in sub-Saharan Africa.
Disciplines :
Agriculture & agronomy
Author, co-author :
Minengu, Jean de Dieu; Université de Kinshasa > Faculté des Sciences agronomiques
Mobambo, Patrick; Université de Kinshasa > Faculté des Sciences agronomiques
Mergeai, Guy ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Sciences agronomiques > Phytotechnie tropicale et horticulture
Language :
French
Title :
Influence de l'environnement et des pratiques culturales sur la productivité de Jatropha curcas L. en Afrique subsaharienne (synthèse bibliographique)
Alternative titles :
[en] Influence of environment and cropping practices on the productivity of Jatropha curcas L. in sub-Saharan Africa. A review.
Publication date :
2014
Journal title :
Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et Environnement
ISSN :
1370-6233
eISSN :
1780-4507
Publisher :
Presses Agronomiques de Gembloux, Gembloux, Belgium
Achten W.M.J. et al., 2008. Jatropha bio-diesel production and use. Biomass Bioenergy, 32, 1063-1084.
Achten W.M.J. et al., 2010. Jatropha: from global hype to local opportunity. J. Arid Environ., 74, 164-165.
Ahoton L.E. & Quenum E, 2012. Floral biology and hybridization potential of nine accessions of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) originating from three continents. Tropicultura, 30(4), 193-198.
Andersson C.E.E, Everson T.M. & Everson C.S., 2013. Management of oil producing Jatropha curcas silvopastoral system: risk of herbivory by indigenous goats and competition with planted pastures. Biomass Bioenergy, 59, 50-58.
Anonyme, 2011. Évaluation et optimisation du potentiel de développement d'une culture oléagineuse à haute performance énergétique et environnementale pour la production de biodiesel, le Jatropha curcas. Cirad, Enerbio, Fondation Tuck, http://www.fondation-tuck.fr/resultats/projets/2008/documents-projet-01/2008-P01-rapport-final.pdf, (13/03/2013).
Appiah A.S. et al., 2012. Spread of African cassava mosaic virus from cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) to physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) in Ghana. J. Phytology, 4(1), 31-37.
Barbier J. et al., 2012. Intérêts de mettre en place une flière courte basée sur la culture du Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) dans la Communauté Rurale de Dialacoto Sénégal. Document de synthèse de recherche, http://orbi.ulg.ac.be/bitstream/2268/130282/1/20120703%20document%20synth%C3%A8se%20jatropha%20vf.pdf, (24/04/2013).
Barrel M. et al., 2002. Les plantes stimulantes, le cacaoyer. In: Mémento de l'agronome. Paris: Ministére des Affaires étrangéres, CIRAD, GRET, 1051-1078.
Biabará A. et al., 2012. Phenotypic and genetic variation of Jatropha curcas L. populations from different countries. Maydica, 57, 164-174
Brittaine R. & Lutaladio N., 2010. Jatropha: a smallholder bioenergy crop. The potential for pro-poor development. Roma: FAO, Integrated Crop Management, Vol. 8, http://www.fao.org/docrep/012/il219e/il219e.pdf, (06/05/2012).
Bruggeman PG., Fakambi K., Fauveaud S. & Liagre L., 2010. Les filiéres agrocarburants de proximité à base de Jatropha: opportunités, acquis et points de vigilance pour un accés à Fénergie en faveur des populations rurales d'Afrique de FOuest. SudSciences Technol., 19-20, 107-108.
de Jongh J. & Nielsen F., 2011. Lessons learned: Jatropha for local development. Wageningen, The Netherlands: Fact Foundation, http://fact-foundation.com/library/bioenergy-feedstock/jatropha/lessons-learned-jatropha-local-development, (20/05/14).
Diedhiou I. et al., 2012. Diversity, farming systems, growth and productivity of Jatropha curcas L. in the Sudano-Sahelian Zone of Senegal, West Africa. In: Carels N. et al., eds. Jatropha, challenges for a new energy crop. Volume 1: farming, economics and biofuel. New York, USA: Science+Business Media, 281-295.
Divakara B.N, Upadhyaya H.D., Wani S.P. & Laxmipathi Gowda C.L., 2010. Biology and genetic improvement of Jatropha curcas L.: a review. Appl. Energy, 87,732-742.
Domergue M. & Pirot R., 2008. Jatropha curcas L. Rapport de synthèse bibliographique. Montpellier, France: Cirad.
Endelevu Energy, World Agroforestry Centre & Kenya Forestry Research Institute, 2009. Jatropha reality check: a feld assessment of the agronomic and economic viability of Jatropha and other oilseed crops in Kenya. Nairobi: GTZ-Regional Energy Advisory Platform.
Everson CS., Mengistu M.G. & Gush M.B., 2013. A field assessment of the agronomic performance and water use of Jatropha curcas in South Africa. Biomass Bioenergy, 59, 59-69.
Francis G., Edinger R. & Becker K.A., 2005. A concept for simultaneous wasteland reclamation, fuel production, and socio-economic development in degraded areas in India: need, potential and perspectives of Jatropha plantations. Nat. Resour. Forum, 29, 12-24.
Gour V.K., 2006. Production practices including post-harvest management of Jatropha curcas. In: Proceedings of the biodiesel conference toward energy independence. Focus of Jatropha, June 9-10, Hyderabad, India, 223-251.
Grimm C. & Maes J.-M., 1997. Arthropod fauna associated with Jatropha curcas L. in Nicaragua: a synopsis of species, their biology and pest status. In: Gubitz G.M., Mttelbach M. & Trabi M., eds. Biofuels and industrial products from Jatropha curcas. Proceedings from the symposium "Jatropha 97", February, 23-27, Managua, Nicaragua. Graz, Austria: Dbv-Verlag, 31-39.
Heller J., 1996. Physicnut. Jatropha curcas L. Promoting the conservation and use of underutilised and neglected crops. 1. Gatersleben, Germany: Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research; Roma: International Plant Genetic Resources Institute.
Henning R.K., 2000. The Jatropha booklet. A guide to the Jatropha system and its dissemination in Zambia. Weissensberg, Germany: Bagani GbR.
Henning R.K., 2004. Jatropha curcas L. in Africa. Case study. Weissensberg, Germany: Bagani.
Holl M.A., Gush M.B., Hallowes J. & Versfeld D.B., 2007. Jatropha curcas in South Africa: an assessment of its water use and bio-physical potential. WRC Report No 1497/1/07. Pretoria: Water Research Commission.
Jongschaap R.E.E., Corre W.J., Bindraban PS. & Brandenburg W.A., 2007. Claims and facts on Jatropha curcas L.: global Jatropha curcas evaluation, breeding and propagation programme. Wageningen, The Netherlands: Plant Research International.
King A.J. et al., 2009. Potential of Jatropha curcas as source of renewable oil and animal feed. J. Exp. Environ. Bot., 60(10), 2897-2905.
Kwetche Sop T. et al., 2012. Effects of organic amendment on early growth performance of Jatropha curcas L. on a severely degraded site in the Sub-Sahel of Burkina Faso. Agroforestry Syst., 86, 387-399.
Les Amis de la Terre, 2010. Afrique: terre(s) de toutes les convoitises. Ampleur et conséquences de l'accaparement des terres pour produire des agrocarburants. Rapport. Bruxelles: Les Amis de la Terre Europe.
Loos T.K., 2009. Socio-economic impact of a Jatropha-project on smallholder farmers in Mpanda, Tanzania, case study of a public-private-partnership project in Tanzania. Master thesis related to the module: University of Hohenheim, Institute for Agricultural Economics and Social Sciences in the Tropics and Subtropics (Germany), https://www.uni-hohenheim.de/fileadmin/einrichtungen/troz/Documents/Bioenergy/M.Sc.Loos_Tansania.pdf, (12/02/2012).
Marini R.P. & Sowers D.S., 2000. Peach tree growth, yield, and proftability as influenced by tree form and tree density. HortScience, 35, 837-842.
Minengu J.D.D., Mobambo P. & Mergeai G., 2014a. Analyse des performances technico-économiques de quatre systémes de culture bases sur la production de Jatropha curcas L. dans la région de Kinshasa (République Démocratique du Congo). Tropicultura, 32(4).
Minengu J.D.D, Verheggen F. & Mergeai G., 2014b. Dynamique et impact des principaux insectes ravageurs de Jatropha curcas L. dans deux systémes de culture aux caractéristiques contrastées de la province de Kinshasa (République Démocratique du Congo). Tropicultura, 32(4).
Münch E. & Kiefer J., 1986. Le pourghère (Jatropha curcas L.): botanique, écologie, culture (1ère partie), produits de récolte, flières de valorisations, réfexions économiques (2è partie). Mémoire de fin d'études: Université de Stuttgart-Hohenheim (Allemagne).
Muzondiwa JinguraR., 2012. Socio-economy, agro-ecological zones, agronomic practices and farming system of Jatropha curcas L. in Sub-Saharan Africa. In: Carels N. et al., eds. Jatropha, challenges for a new energy crop. Volume 1: farming, economics and biofuel. New York, USA: Science+Business Media, 53-69.
Nyst J., 2010. Contribution à l'étude des possibilités de culture de Jatropha curcas L. sur le Plateau des Batéké, RDC. Travail de fin d'études presenté en vue de Fobtention de diplôme de master bioingénieur en sciences agronomiques, orientation agronomie tropicale: Université de Liége-Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech (Belgique).
Öhman J., 2011. Cultivation and management of Jatropha curcas L. by smallholder farmers in the Kenyan districts Baringo and Koibatek. Thesis: Yrkshocskolan Novia University of Applied Sciences (Finland).
Orwa C. et al., 2009. Agroforestry database: a tree reference and selection guide, version 4.0: Jatropha curcas, http://www.worldagroforestry.org/treedb/AFTPDFS/Jatropha_curcas.pdf, (21/05/2014).
Patel A.D., Panchal N.S., Pandey L.B. & Pandey A.N., 2010. Growth, water status and nutrient accumulation of seedlings of Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae) in response to soil salinity. An. Biol., 32, 59-71.
Rajaona A.M., Brueck H. & Asch F, 2011. Effect of pruning history on growth and dry mass partitioning of Jatropha on a plantation site in Madagascar. Biomass Bioenergy, 35, 4892-4900.
Ranga Rao G.V., Marimuttu S., Ward S.P & Rameshwar Rao V., 2010. Insects pests of Jatropha curcas L. and their management. Information bulletin. Patancheru, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, http://oar.icrisat.Org/5582/l/Insectpest_InfoBull_2010.pdf, (05/06/2012).
Riemann U., 2013. The bionic Jatropha breeding platform in 2013, http://jatropha.bionic-enterprises.com/the-bionic-jatropha-breeding-platform-in-2013/, (15/10/2013).
Rijssenbeek W. & Galerna T., 2010. Harvesting. In: The Jatropha handbook. From cultivation to application. Eindhoven, The Netherlands: Fact Foundation, 29-37.
Segerstedt A. & Bobert J., 2013. Revising the potential of large-scale Jatropha oil production in Tanzania: an economic land evaluation assessment. Energy Policy, 57, 491-505.
Shanker C. & Dhyani S.K., 2006. Insect pests of Jatropha curcas L. and the potential for their management. Curr. Sci.,91, 162-163.
Singh R.A., Munish K. & Ekhlaq H., 2007. Synergistic cropping of summer groundnut with Jatropha curcas. A new two-tier cropping system for Uttar Pradesh, SAT ejournal, 5(1), 1-2, http://www.icrisat.org/journal/volume5/Groundnut/gn9.pdf, (10/10/2013).
Singh B. et al., 2013. Agro-technology of Jatropha curcas for diverse environmental conditions in India. Biomass Bioenergy, 48, 191-202.
Sinkala T & Johnson EX., 2012. Small-scale production of Jatropha in Zambia and its implications for rural development and national biofuel policies. In: Janssen R. & Rutz D., eds. Bioenergy for sustainable development in Africa. Springer, 41-51.
Smet J., 2011. Bilan et perspective des premières campagnes de plantation de Jatropha curcas L. en agriculture pluviale au niveau du Groupement de Bambougar, dans le cadre du Programme Énergie Eau Solidarité Foundiougne, Sénégal. Travail de fin d'études Master Bioingénieur en Sciences Agronomiques, orientation Agronomie Genérale: Université de Liége-Gembloux Agro-BioTech (Belgique).
Souza A.C et al., 2013. Intercropping of physic nut and bean: alternative to family farm. Dourados, 6(9), 36-42.
Srinophakun R, Titapiwatanakun B., Sooksathan L. & Punsuvon V., 2012. Prospect of deoiled Jatropha curcas seedcake as fertilizer for vegetables crops -A case study. J. Agric. Sci., 4(3), 211-226.
Surinam B., Sanitchon J., Sangsri P. & Kesmala T, 2011. Effets of pruning levels and fertilizer rates on yield of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.). Asian J. Plant Sci., 10(1), 52-59.
Terren M. et al., 2012a. Attempted cultivation of Jatropha curcas L. in the Lower Senegal River Valley: story of a failure. Tropicultura, 30(4), 204-208.
Terren M. et al., 2012b. Principal disease and insect pests of Jatropha curcas L. in the Lower Valley of the Senegal River. Tropicultura, 30(4), 222-229.
Trabucco A. et al.,2010. Global mapping of Jatropha curcas yield based on response of fitness to present and future climate. Global Change Biol. Bioenergy, 2, 139-151.
Wahl N. et al., 2012. Insights into Jatropha projects worldwide. Key facts & fgures from a global survey. Report. Lüneburg, Germany: Centre for Sustainability Management.
Wen Y. et al., 2012. Influence of climatic factors and soil types on seed weight and oil content of Jatropha curcas in Guangxi, China. Procedia Environ. Sci., 12, 439-444.
Yossi H. et al., 2006. Les haies vives au Sahel. État des connaissances et recommandations pour la recherché et le développement. ICRAF Occasional Paper No. 6. Nairobi: World Agroforestry Centre, http://www.worldagroforestry.org/downloads/publications/PDFs/OP14457.PDF, (24/06/2012).
Zarafi A.B. & Abdulkadir I.D., 2013. The incidence and severity of Jatropha dieback disease in Zaria, Nigeria. Arch. Phytopathol. Plant Prot., 46, 952-961.