Article (Scientific journals)
The endocrine milieu and CD4 T-lymphocyte polarization during pregnancy
Polese, Barbara; Gridelet, Virginie; Arakioti, Eleni et al.
2014In Frontiers in Endocrinology, 5 (Article 106), p. 1-11
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Keywords :
Progesterone; Estradiol; Human chorionic gonadotropin; Luteinizing hormone; Regulatory T cells; T helper 17 cells; Pregnancy
Abstract :
[en] Acceptance of the fetal semi-allograft by the mother’s immune system has become the focus of intensive research. CD4+ T cells are important actors in the establishment of pregnancy. Th1/Th2 paradigm has been expanded to include CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells. Pregnancy hormones exert very significant modulatory properties on the maternal immune system. In this review, we describe mechanisms by which the endocrine milieu modulates CD4 T cell polarization during pregnancy. We first focused on Treg and Th17 cells and on their importance for pregnancy. Secondly, we review the effects of pregnancy hormones [progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2)] on immune cells previously described, with a particular attention to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). The importance of Treg cells for pregnancy is evidenced. They are recruited before implantation and are essential for pregnancy maintenance. Decreased number or less efficient Treg cells are implicated in fertility disorders. As for Th17 cells, the few available studies suggest that they have a negative impact on fertility. Th17 frequency is increased in infertile patients. With the combination of its pro-effects on Th2 and Treg cells and anti-effects on Th1 and Th17 cells, P4 contributes to establishment of a favorable environment for pregnancy. E2 effects are more dependent on the context but it seems that E2 promotes Treg and Th2 cells while it inhibits Th1 cells. hCG positively influences activities of Treg and uterine natural killer cells. This embryo signal is an essential actor for the success of pregnancy, both as the endocrine factor regulating P4 secretion by the ovarian corpus luteum, but also as a paracrine agent during implantation as well as an angiogenic and immunologic mediator during the course of gestation. Luteinizing hormone (LH) immune properties begin to be studied but its positive impact on Treg cells suggests that LH could be a considerable immunomodulator in the mouse.
Research center :
Giga-Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Centre d'Immunologie
Disciplines :
Immunology & infectious disease
Reproductive medicine (gynecology, andrology, obstetrics)
Author, co-author :
Polese, Barbara ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Centre d'immunologie
Gridelet, Virginie ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences biomédicales et précliniques > Embryologie
Arakioti, Eleni;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Centre d'Immunologie
Martens, Henri ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Centre d'immunologie
Perrier d'Hauterive, Sophie ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences biomédicales et précliniques > Embryologie
Geenen, Vincent ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Centre d'immunologie
Language :
English
Title :
The endocrine milieu and CD4 T-lymphocyte polarization during pregnancy
Publication date :
07 July 2014
Journal title :
Frontiers in Endocrinology
eISSN :
1664-2392
Publisher :
Frontiers
Special issue title :
Frontiers in Endocrinology - Cellular endocrinology
Volume :
5
Issue :
Article 106
Pages :
1-11
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Funders :
FRIA - Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture [BE]
Fonds Léon Fredericq [BE]
Available on ORBi :
since 07 August 2014

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