[fr] Le virus de la myxomatose est un poxvirus du genre Leporipoxvirus qui induit une pathologie spécifique, la myxomatose, chez le lapin européen (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Ce virus a la particularité d’être non pathogène pour les autres espèces de vertébrés y compris l’homme. Le virus de la myxomatose (MYXV) présente aussi, de manière inattendue, un tropisme pour les cellules cancéreuses humaines in vitro ainsi qu’un potentiel oncolytique in vivo. La tolérance
de ces cellules au MYXV est intimement liée au niveau intracellulaire d’Akt phosphorylée. Cette
enzyme, est une serine/thréonine protéine kinase qui joue un rôle essentiel dans de nombreux
processus cellulaires et fait partie de la voie de signalisation PI3k/Akt/mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), fréquemment amplifiée par l’oncogénèse. La protéine virale à répétitions
ankyrines, M-T5, interagit avec Akt ce qui module le tropisme du MYXV pour les cellules
tumorales humaines. Un régulateur de la croissance cellulaire et du métabolisme situé en aval
d’Akt, mTOR, est spécifiquement inhibé par la rapamycine. Ainsi, l’utilisation de la rapamycine
en combinaison avec le MYXV permet d’augmenter la concentration d’Akt phosphorylée, et par
conséquent, d’amplifier l’oncolyse. Un meilleur contrôle chimique de la voie de signalisation
d’Akt ou de la modification génétique de son génome constituera une étape décisive pour que le
MYXV devienne l’un des nouveaux traitements des cancers chez l’homme
Disciplines :
Veterinary medicine & animal health
Author, co-author :
Krygier, David
Gillet, Laurent ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Immunologie et vaccinologie
Marlier, Didier ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département clinique des animaux de compagnie et des équidés > Médecine des oiseaux, des lagomorphes et des rongeurs
Language :
French
Title :
La virothérapie oncolytique médiée par le virus de la myxomatose
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