Andreoletti O., Berthon P., Marc D., Sarradin P., Grosclaude J., van Keulen L., Schelcher F., Elsen J.M., Lantier F. Early accumulation of PrP(Sc) in gut-associated lymphoid and nervous tissues of susceptible sheep from a Romanov flock with natural scrapie. J. Gen. Virol. 2000, 81:3115-3126.
APHIS-USDA Factsheet on Scrapie http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/animal_diseases/scrapie/downloads/fs_ahscrapie.pdf.
Barone R. Pharynx et Oesophage. Anatomie Comparée des Mammifères Domestiques 1997, 249-290. Editions Vigot, Paris. R. Barone (Ed.).
Baylis M., Goldmann W. The genetics of scrapie in sheep and goats. Curr. Mol. Med. 2004, 4:385-396.
Bessen R.A., Martinka S., Kelly J., Gonzalez D. Role of the lymphoreticular system in prion neuroinvasion from the oral and nasal mucosa. J. Virol. 2009, 83:6435-6445.
Bessen R.A., Shearin H., Martinka S., Boharski R., Lowe D., Wilham J.M., Caughey B., Wiley J.A. Prion shedding from olfactory neurons into nasal secretions. PloS Pathog. 2010, 6:e1000837.
Casteleyn C., Van den Broeck W., Simoens P. Histological characteristics and stereological volume assessment of the ovine tonsils. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 2007, 120:124-135.
Caughey B. Interactions between prion protein isoforms: the kiss of death?. Trends Biochem. Sci. 2001, 26:235-242.
Collin B. Anatomie du cheval 1993, 554-584. Edition Derouaux Ordina.
Cornillie P., Van Den Broeck W., Simoens P. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the remodeling of the systemic vasculature in early pig embryos. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2008, 71:105-111.
Defaweux V., Dorban G., Demonceau C., Piret J., Jolois O., Thellin O., Thielen C., Heinen E., Antoine N. Interfaces between dendritic cells, other immune cells, and nerve fibres in mouse Peyer's patches: potential sites for neuroinvasion in prion diseases. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2005, 66:1-9.
Demonceau C., Marshall A.S., Sales J., Heinen E. Investigation of close interactions between sympathetic neural fibres and the follicular dendritic cells network in the mouse spleen. Eur. J. Histochem. 2008, 52:85-92.
Dorban G., Defaweux V., Demonceau C., Flandroy S., Van Lerberghe P.B., Falisse-Poirrier N., Piret J., Heinen E., Antoine N. Interaction between dendritic cells and nerve fibres in lymphoid organs after oral scrapie exposure. Virchows Arch. 2007, 451:1057-1065.
Dorban G., Defaweux V., Heinen E., Antoine N. Spreading of prions from the immune to the peripheral nervous system: a potential implication of dendritic cells. Histochem. Cell Biol. 2010, 133:493-504.
Ersdal C., Ulvund M.J., Benestad S.L., Tranulis M.A. Accumulation of pathogenic prion protein (PrPSc) in nervous and lymphoid tissues of sheep with subclinical scrapie. Vet. Pathol. 2003, 40:164-174.
Erturk A., Becker K., Jahrling N., Mauch C.P., Hojer C.D., Egen J.G., Hellal F., Bradke F., Sheng M., Dodt H.U. Three-dimensional imaging of solvent-cleared organs using 3DISCO. Nat. Protoc. 2012, 7:1983-1995.
Erturk A., Mauch C.P., Hellal F., Forstner F., Keck T., Becker K., Jahrling N., Steffens H., Richter M., Hubener M., Kramer E., Kirchhoff F., Dodt H.U., Bradke F. Three-dimensional imaging of the unsectioned adult spinal cord to assess axon regeneration and glial responses after injury. Nat. Med. 2012, 18:166-171.
Georgsson G., Sigurdarson S., Brown P. Infectious agent of sheep scrapie may persist in the environment for at least 16years. J. Gen. Virol. 2006, 87:3737-3740.
Glatzel M., Heppner F.L., Albers K.M., Aguzzi A. Sympathetic innervation of lymphoreticular organs is rate limiting for prion neuroinvasion. Neuron 2001, 31:25-34.
Hamir A.N., Kunkle R.A., Richt J.A., Miller J.M., Greenlee J.J. Experimental transmission of US scrapie agent by nasal, peritoneal, and conjunctival routes to genetically susceptible sheep. Vet. Pathol. 2008, 45:7-11.
Heikenwalder M., Julius C., Aguzzi A. Prions and peripheral nerves: a deadly rendezvous. J. Neurosci. Res. 2007, 85:2714-2725.
Hiatt J.L., Gartner L.P. Textbook of head and neck anatomy 4th Edition 2001, 229. Lippincott, Williams, Wilkins (Eds.).
Hunter N. Scrapie and experimental BSE in sheep. Br. Med. Bull. 2003, 66:171-183.
Hunter N., Goldmann W., Foster J.D., Cairns D., Smith G. Natural scrapie and PrP genotype: case-control studies in British sheep. Vet. Rec. 1997, 141:137-140.
Jeffrey M., Martin S., Thomson J.R., Dingwall W.S., Begara-McGorum I., Gonzalez L. Onset and distribution of tissue prp accumulation in scrapie-affected suffolk sheep as demonstrated by sequential necropsies and tonsillar biopsies. J. Comp. Pathol. 2001, 125:48-57.
Johnson C.J., Phillips K.E., Schramm P.T., McKenzie D., Aiken J.M., Pedersen J.A. Prions adhere to soil minerals and remain infectious. PloS Pathog. 2006, 2:e32.
Kerwin J., Scott M., Sharpe J., Puelles L., Robson S.C., Martinez-de-la-Torre M., Ferran J.L., Feng G., Baldock R., Strachan T., Davidson D., Lindsay S. 3 dimensional modelling of early human brain development using optical projection tomography. BMC Neurosci. 2004, 5:27.
Kincaid A.E., Bartz J.C. The nasal cavity is a route for prion infection in hamsters. J. Virol. 2007, 81:4482-4491.
Kojima T., Go M., Takano K., Kurose M., Ohkuni T., Koizumi J., Kamekura R., Ogasawara N., Masaki T., Fuchimoto J., Obata K., Hirakawa S., Nomura K., Keira T., Miyata R., Fujii N., Tsutsumi H., Himi T., Sawada N. Regulation of tight junctions in upper airway epithelium. Biomed. Res. Int. 2013, 2013:947072.
Liberski P.P., Ironside J.W. An outline of the neuropathology of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (prion diseases). Folia Neuropathol. 2004, 42 Suppl B:39-58.
Mabbott N.A., MacPherson G.G. Prions and their lethal journey to the brain. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2006, 4:201-211.
Marruchella G., Ligios C., Baffoni M., Cancedda M.G., Demontis F., Donatucci G., Chiocchetti R., Clavenzani P., Lalatta-Costerbosa G., Di Guardo G. Ileal tract and Peyer's patch innervation in scrapie-free versus scrapie-affected ovines. Arch. Virol. 2009, 154:709-714.
May N.D. The anatomy of sheep. A dissection manual 1970, University of Queensland Press.
Miller M.W., Williams E.S., Hobbs N.T., Wolfe L.L. Environmental sources of prion transmission in mule deer. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2004, 10:1003-1006.
Mishra R.S., Basu S., Gu Y., Luo X., Zou W.Q., Mishra R., Li R., Chen S.G., Gambetti P., Fujioka H., Singh N. Protease-resistant human prion protein and ferritin are cotransported across Caco-2 epithelial cells: implications for species barrier in prion uptake from the intestine. J. Neurosci. 2004, 24:11280-11290.
Notturno F., Caporale C.M., De Lauretis A., Uncini A. Glial fibrillary acidic protein: a marker of axonal Guillain-Barre syndrome and outcome. Muscle Nerve 2008, 38:899-903.
Ogasawara N., Kojima T., Go M., Takano K., Kamekura R., Ohkuni T., Koizumi J., Masaki T., Fuchimoto J., Obata K., Kurose M., Shintani T., Sawada N., Himi T. Epithelial barrier and antigen uptake in lymphoepithelium of human adenoids. Acta Otolaryngol. 2011, 131:116-123.
Palmer M.V., Stasko J., Waters W.R., Thacker T.C. Examination of the reticular epithelium of the bovine pharyngeal tonsil. Anat. Rec. (Hoboken) 2011, 294:1939-1950.
Prinz M., Heikenwalder M., Junt T., Schwarz P., Glatzel M., Heppner F.L., Fu Y.X., Lipp M., Aguzzi A. Positioning of follicular dendritic cells within the spleen controls prion neuroinvasion. Nature 2003, 425:957-962.
Race R., Jenny A., Sutton D. Scrapie infectivity and proteinase K-resistant prion protein in sheep placenta, brain, spleen, and lymph node: implications for transmission and antemortem diagnosis. J. Infect. Dis. 1998, 178:949-953.
Rescigno M. The intestinal epithelial barrier in the control of homeostasis and immunity. Trends Immunol. 2011, 32:256-264.
Rescigno M., Urbano M., Valzasina B., Francolini M., Rotta G., Bonasio R., Granucci F., Kraehenbuhl J.P., Ricciardi-Castagnoli P. Dendritic cells express tight junction proteins and penetrate gut epithelial monolayers to sample bacteria. Nat. Immunol. 2001, 2:361-367.
Seeger H., Heikenwalder M., Zeller N., Kranich J., Schwarz P., Gaspert A., Seifert B., Miele G., Aguzzi A. Coincident scrapie infection and nephritis lead to urinary prion excretion. Science 2005, 310:324-326.
Takano K., Kojima T., Go M., Murata M., Ichimiya S., Himi T., Sawada N. HLA-DR- and CD11c-positive dendritic cells penetrate beyond well-developed epithelial tight junctions in human nasal mucosa of allergic rhinitis. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 2005, 53:611-619.
Toppets V., Defaweux V., Piret J., Kirschvink N., Grobet L., Antoine N. Features of follicular dendritic cells in ovine pharyngeal tonsil: an in vivo and in vitro study in the context of scrapie pathogenesis. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 2011, 141:26-32.
Toppets V., Piret J., Kirschvink N., Lantier F., Lantier I., Berthon P., Daube G., Massart L., Grobet L., Antoine N. Neuroimmune connections in ovine pharyngeal tonsil: potential site for prion neuroinvasion. Cell Tissue Res. 2012, 348:167-176.
Van Keulen L.J.M., Vromans M.E.W., Van Zijderveld F.G. Early and late pathogenesis of natural scrapie infection in sheep. APMIS 2002, 110:23-32.
Vulchanova L., Casey M.A., Crabb G.W., Kennedy W.R., Brown D.R. Anatomical evidence for enteric neuroimmune interactions in Peyer's patches. J. Neuroimmunol. 2007, 185:64-74.
Weissmann C. Birth of a prion: spontaneous generation revisited. Cell 2005, 122:165-168.
