Anderson, J.R. (1998) Sleep, sleeping sites, and sleep-related activities: awakening to their significance. Am. J. Primatol. 46, 63-75.
Arnhem, E., Dupain, J., Vercauteren, D.R., Devos, C. & Vercauteren, M. (2008) Selective logging, habitat quality and home range use by sympatric gorillas and chimpanzees: a case study from an active logging concession in southeast Cameroon. Folia Primatol. 79, 1-14.
Baeten, L., Verstraeten, G., De Frenne, P., Vanhellemont, M., Wuyts, K., Hermy, M. & Verheyen, K. (2011) Former land use affects the nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and biomass of forest herbs. Plant Ecol. 212, 901-909.
Bermejo, M. (1999) Status and conservation of primates in Odzala National Park. Oryx 33, 323-331.
Brugiere, D., Bougras, S. & Gautier-Hion, A. (2000) Dynamique forestière à processus de colonisation - extinction: relations faune flore dans les forêts à Marantacées du Parc National d'Odzala. Rapport ECOFAC, Bruxelles.
Brugiere, D. & Sakom, D. (2001) Population density and nesting behaviour of lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in the Ngotto forest, Central African Republic. J. Zool. (Lond.) 255, 251-259.
Calvert, J.J. (1985) Food seclection by western Gorillas (G.g. gorilla) in relation to food chemistry. Oecologia 65, 236-246.
Carroll, R.W. (1988) Relative density, range extension, and conservation potential of the lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in the Dzanga-Sangha region of southwestern Central African Republic. Mammalia 52, 309-323.
Casimir, M.J. (1979) An analysis of gorilla nesting sites of the Mt. Kahuzi region, (Zaire). Folia Primatol. 32, 290-308.
Cipolletta, C. (2003) Ranging patterns of a western gorilla group (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) during habituation to humans in the Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Central African Republic. Int. J. Primatol. 24, 1207-1226.
Clark, C.J., Poulsen, J.R., Malonga, R. & Elkan, P.W. Jr (2009) Logging concessions can extend the conservation estate for Central African tropical forests. Conserv. Biol. 23, 1281-1293.
Costa, F. & Magnusson, W. (2002) Selective logging effects on abundance, diversity, and composition of tropical understorey herbs. Ecol. Appl. 12, 807-819.
Devos, C., Sanz, C., Morgan, D., Onononga, J.R., Laporte, N. & Huynen, M.C. (2008) Comparing ape densities and habitats in northern Congo: surveys of sympatric gorillas and chimpanzees in the Odzala and Ndoki Regions. Am. J. Primatol. 70, 439-451.
Doran, D.M., McNeilage, A., Greer, D., Bocian, C., Mehlman, P. & Shah, N. (2002) Western lowland gorilla diet and resource availability: new evidence, cross-site comparisons, and reflections on indirect sampling methods. Am. J. Primatol. 58, 91-116.
Doran-Sheehy, D.M., Greer, D., Mongo, P. & Schwindt, D. (2004) Impact of ecological and social factors on ranging in western gorillas. Am. J. Primatol. 64, 207-222.
Doran-Sheehy, D., Mongo, P., Lodwick, J. & Conklin-Brittain, N.L. (2009) Male and female western gorilla diet: preferred foods, use of fallback resources and implications for ape versus old world foraging strategies. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 140, 727-738.
Dupain, J., Guislain, P., Nguenang, G.M., De Vleeschouwer, K. & Van Elsacker, L. (2004) High chimpanzee and gorilla densities in a non-protected area of the northern periphery of the Dja Faunal Reserve, Cameroon. Oryx 38, 1-8.
Dupuy, B. (1998) Bases pour une sylviculture en forêt dense tropicale humide africaine (Série FORAFRI, document 4). CIRAD, Montpellier.
Fay, J.M. (1997) The ecology, social organization, populations, habitat and history of the western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). PhD thesis, Washington University.
Fay, J.M. & Agnagna, M. (1992) Census of gorillas in northern Republic of Congo. Am. J. Primatol. 27, 275-284.
Furuichi, T., Inagaki, H. & Angoue-Ovono, S. (1997) Population density of chimpanzees and gorillas in the Petit Loango Reserve, Gabon: employing a new method to distinguish between nests of the two species. Int. J. Primatol. 18, 1029-1046.
Ganas, J., Robbins, M.M., Nkurunungi, J.B., Kaplin, B.A. & McNeilage, A. (2004) Dietary variability of mountain gorillas in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda. Int. J. Primatol. 25, 1043-1072.
Goldsmith, M.L. (1996) Ecological influences on the ranging and grouping behavior of western lowland gorillas at Bai Hohou, Central African Republic. PhD thesis, State University of NewYork at Stony Brook, Stony Brook.
Goldsmith, M.L. (1999) Ecological constraints on the foraging effort of western gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) at Bai Hokou, Central African Republic. Int. J. Primatol. 20, 1-23.
Groves, C. & Meder, A. (2001) A model of gorilla life history. Aust. Primatol. 15, 2-15.
Groves, C.P. & Sabater Pi, J. (1985) From ape's nest to human fix-point. Man 20, 22-47.
Harrison, M.E. & Marshall, A.J. (2011) Strategies for the use of fallback foods in apes. Int. J. Primatol. 32, 531-565.
Head, J.S., Boesch, C., Makaga, L. & Robbins, M.M. (2011) Sympatric chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) and gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in Loango National Park, Gabon: dietary composition, seasonality, and intersite comparisons. Int. J. Primatol. 32, 755-775.
Johns, A.D. (1985) Selective logging and wildlife conservation in tropical rain-forest: problems and recommendations. Biol. Conserv. 31, 355-375.
Kingdon, J. (1997) The Kingdon field guide to African mammals. Academic Press, London.
Kollmann, J. (2000) Dispersal of fleshy-fruited species: a matter of spatial scale? Perspect. Plant Ecol. Evol. Syst. 3, 29-51.
Kuroda, S., Nishihara, T., Suzuki, S. & Oko, R.A. (1996) Sympatric chimpanzees and gorillas in the Ndoki Forest, Congo. In: Great ape societies (Eds W.C. McGrew, L.F. Marchant and T. Nishida). Cambridge University, Cambridge.
Latour, S. (2010) Reserve de faune du Dja-Evaluation du statut des grands singes. Report to Ecofac 4. Groupement BLR Ingénierie - SECA/GFA/DFS.
Letouzey, R. (1985) Notice de la carte phytogéographique du Cameroun au 1/500000. Domaine de forêt dense humide toujours verte. Institut de la carte internationale de la végétation, Toulouse.
Loya, D.T. & Jules, E.S. (2008) Use of species richness estimators improves evaluation of understory plant response to logging: a study of redwood forests. Plant Ecol. 194, 179-194.
Magliocca, F. & Gautier-Hion, A. (2002) Mineral content as a basis for food selection by western lowland gorillas in a forest clearing. Am. J. Primatol. 57, 67-77.
Matthews, A. & Matthews, A. (2004) Survey of gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) in southwestern Cameroon. Primates 45, 15-24.
Mehlman, P.T. & Doran, D.M. (2002) Influencing western gorilla nest construction at Mondika Research Center. Int. J. Primatol. 23, 1257-1285.
Nishihara, T. (1995) Feeding ecology of western lowland gorillas in the Nouabale-Ndoki National Park, Congo. Primates 36, 151-168.
Oates, J.F. (1996) Habitat alteration, hunting and the conservation of folivorus primates in African forests. Aust. J. Ecol. 21, 1-9.
Poulsen, J.R. & Clark, C.J. (2004) Densities, distributions and seasonal movements of gorillas and chimpanzees in swamp forest in Northern Congo. Int. J. Primatol. 25, 285-306.
Rainey, H.J., Iyenguet, F.C., Malanda, G.A.F., Madzoke, B., Dos Santos, D., Stokes, E.J., Maisels, F. & Strindberg, S. (2010) Survey of raphia swamp forest, Republic of Congo, indicates high densities of critically endangered western lowland gorillas Gorilla gorilla gorilla. Oryx 44, 124-132.
Remis, M.J. (2000) A preliminary assessment of the impacts of human activities on gorillas Gorilla gorilla gorilla and other wildlife at Dzanga-Sangha Reserve, Central African Republic. Oryx 34, 56-65.
Rogers, M.E., Abernethy, K., Bermejo, M., Cipolletta, C., Doran, D., McFarland, K., Nishihara, T., Remis, M. & Tutin, C.E.G. (2004) Western gorilla diet: a synthesis from six sites. Am. J. Primatol. 64, 173-192.
Rothman, J.M., Pell, A.N., Dierenfeld, E.S. & McCann, C.M. (2006) Plant choice in the construction of night nests by gorillas in the Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda. Am. J. Primatol. 68, 361-368.
Sabater Pi, J. (1977) Contribution to the study of alimentation of lowland gorillas in the natural state, in Rio Muni, Republic of Equatorial Guinea (West Africa). Primates 18, 183-204.
Siegel, S. & Castellan, N.J. (1988) Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences, 2nd edn.McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York.
Sowunmi, M.A. (1999) The significance of the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in the late Holocene environments of west and west central Africa: a further consideration. Veg. Hist. Archaeobot. 8, 199-210.
Stokes, E.J., Strindberg, S., Bakabana, P.C., Elkan, P.W., Iyenguet, F.C., Madzoke, B., Malanda, G.A.F., Mowawa, B.S., Moukoumbou, C., Ouakabadio, F.K. & Rainey, H.J. (2010) Monitoring great ape and elephant abundance at large spatial scales: measuring effectiveness of a conservation landscape. PLoS ONE 5, 1-18.
Tutin, C.E.G. (1998) Gorillas and their food plants in the Lopé Reserve, Gabon. In: Chorology, Taxonomy and Ecology of the floras of Africa and Madagascar (Eds C.R. Huxley, J.M. Lock and D.F. Cutler). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Tutin, C.E.G. & Fernandez, M. (1984) Nationwide census of gorilla (Gorilla g. gorilla) and chimpanzee (Pan t. troglodytes) populations in Gabon. Am. J. Primatol. 6, 313-336.
Tutin, C.E.G., Fernandez, M., Rogers, M.E., Williamson, E.A. & McGrew, W.C. (1991) Foraging profiles of sympatric lowland gorillas and chimpanzees in the Lopé Reserve, Gabon. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. 334, 179-186.
Tutin, C.E.G., Parnell, R.J., White, L.J.T. & Fernandez, M. (1995) Nest building by lowland gorillas in the Lopé Reserve, Gabon: environmental influences and implications for censusing. Int. J. Primatol. 16, 53-76.
Tutin, C.E.G., Ham, R.M., White, L.J.T. & Harrison, M.J.S. (1997) The primate community of the Lopé Reserve, Gabon: diets, responses to fruit scarcity, and effects on biomass. Am. J. Primatol. 42, 1-24.
Vasconcelos, H.L. & Laurance, W.F. (2005) Influence of habitat, litter type, and soil invertebrates on leaf-litter decomposition in a fragmented Amazonian landscape. Oecologia 144, 456-462.
Watts, D.P. (1984) Composition and variability of mountain gorilla diets in the central virungas. Am. J. Primatol. 7, 323-356.
White, L.J.T. (1994) Biomass of rain forest mammals in the Lopé Reserve, Gabon. J. Anim. Ecol. 63, 499-512.
White, L.J.T. & Edwards, A. (2000) Vegetation inventory and description. In: Conservation research in the African rain forests: a technical handbook (Eds L.J.T. White and A. Edwards). Wildlife Conservation Society, New York.
White, L.J.T., Rogers, M.E., Tutin, C.E.G., Williamson, E. & Fernandez, M. (1995) Herbaceous vegetation in different forest types in the Lopé forest reserve, Gabon: implications for keystone food availability. Afr. J. Ecol. 33, 124-141.
Williamson, E.A., Tutin, C.E.G., Rogers, M.E. & Fernandez, M. (1990) Composition of the diet of lowland gorillas at Lope in Gabon. Am. J. Primatol. 21, 265-277.
Wrangham, R.W., Rogers, M.E. & Basuta, G.I. (1993) Ape food density in the ground layer in Kibale forest, Uganda. Afr. J. Ecol. 31, 49-57.
Yamagiwa, J., Mwanza, M., Yumoto, T. & Maruhashi, T. (1994) Seasonal change in the composition of the diet of eastern lowland gorillas. Primates 35, 1-14.
