Article (Scientific journals)
Relationship between the Synthesis of Prussian Blue Pigments, Their Color, Physical Properties, and Their Behavior in Paint Layers
Samain, Louise; Grandjean, Fernande; Long, Gary J. et al.
2013In Journal of Physical Chemistry. C, Nanomaterials and interfaces, 117 (19), p. 9693–9712
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Abstract :
[en] Prussian blue pigments, highly insoluble mixed-valence iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(II) complexes of typical stoichiometry Fe4III[FeII(CN)6]3·xH2O or KFeIII[FeII(CN)6]·xH2O, have been used as pigments in oil paintings and watercolors for 300 years. For poorly understood reasons, these pigments often fade with time. Although the preparation methods have been recognized since the mid-eighteenth century as a contributory factor in the fading of the pigment, the spectral and physical properties of Prussian blue that vary with the type of synthesis were not precisely identified. Several Prussian blue pigments have been prepared by different methods and characterized by thermogravimetric analyses, high-energy powder X-ray diffraction, atomic absorption and flame emission, UV–visible, iron-57 Mössbauer, iron K-edge X-ray absorption, and Raman spectroscopy. The type of synthesis influences the hue, tinting strength, and hiding power properties of the Prussian blue pigments. Two major features appear to be strongly dependent on the preparative methods, the particle size and the local disorder. Both a nitrogen atmosphere and an intermediate aging step of the Berlin white, Fe2II[FeII(CN)6], during the synthesis are required to obtain a highly colored pigment through the optimization of particle size, minimization in the perturbations to the FeII–CN–FeIII intervalence electron transfer pathway, and the minimization of disordered vacancies. The potassium containing Prussian blue structure has been revisited. It can be described with the Pm3m space group, where approximately one-quarter of the [FeII(CN)6]4– sites are vacant and where the potassium cation is located at a zeolitic-like position inside the lattice cavities. The degree of ordering of the [FeII(CN)6]4– vacancies in all Prussian blues was quantified using atomic pair distribution analysis, an ordering that is consistent with the iron K-edge X-ray absorption spectra. The presence of strain in the crystals is observed by both powder X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The structural similarity between the alkali-free, improperly referred to as “insoluble”, and the alkali containing, “soluble”, Prussian blues may explain why the two varieties are almost undistinguishable by spectroscopic techniques.
Disciplines :
Physical, chemical, mathematical & earth Sciences: Multidisciplinary, general & others
Arts & humanities: Multidisciplinary, general & others
Author, co-author :
Samain, Louise ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Centre européen en archéométrie
Grandjean, Fernande ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de physique > Département de physique
Long, Gary J.
Martinetto, Pauline
Bordet, Pierre
Strivay, David  ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de physique > Physique nucléaire, atomique et spectroscopie
Language :
English
Title :
Relationship between the Synthesis of Prussian Blue Pigments, Their Color, Physical Properties, and Their Behavior in Paint Layers
Publication date :
11 April 2013
Journal title :
Journal of Physical Chemistry. C, Nanomaterials and interfaces
ISSN :
1932-7447
eISSN :
1932-7455
Publisher :
American Chemical Society, Washington, United States - District of Columbia
Volume :
117
Issue :
19
Pages :
9693–9712
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Available on ORBi :
since 12 May 2013

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