Article (Scientific journals)
Molecular Detection and Genotyping of Noroviruses
Stals, A.; Mathijs, E.; Baert, L. et al.
2012In Food and Environmental Virology, 4 (4), p. 153-167
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Keywords :
Animal; Human; Molecular detection; Molecular genotyping; Norovirus; Real-time RT-PCR; RT-qPCR; RNA purification; Animalia; Miridae
Abstract :
[en] Noroviruses (NoVs) are a major cause of gastroenteritis worldwide in humans and animals and are known as very infectious viral agents. They are spread through feces and vomit via several transmission routes involving person-to-person contact, food, and water. Investigation of these transmission routes requires sensitive methods for detection of NoVs. As NoVs cannot be cultivated to date, detection of these viruses relies on the use of molecular methods such as (real-time) reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Regardless of the matrix, detection of NoVs generally requires three subsequent steps: a virus extraction step, RNA purification, and molecular detection of the purified RNA, occasionally followed by molecular genotyping. The current review mainly focused on the molecular detection and genotyping of NoVs. The most conserved region in the genome of human infective NoVs is the ORF1/ORF2 junction and has been used as a preferred target region for molecular detection of NoVs by methods such as (real-time) RT-PCR, NASBA, and LAMP. In case of animal NoVs, broad range molecular assays have most frequently been applied for molecular detection. Regarding genotyping of NoVs, five regions situated in the polymerase and capsid genes have been used for conventional RT-PCR amplification and sequencing. As the expected levels of NoVs on food and in water are very low and inhibition of molecular methods can occur in these matrices, quality control including adequate positive and negative controls is an essential part of NoV detection. Although the development of molecular methods for NoV detection has certainly aided in the understanding of NoV transmission, it has also led to new problems such as the question whether low levels of human NoV detected on fresh produce and shellfish could pose a threat to public health. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media New York.
Disciplines :
Microbiology
Author, co-author :
Stals, A.;  Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium, Technology and Food Science Unit, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Flemish Government, Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium
Mathijs, E.;  Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Virology and Viral Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Boulevard du Colonster 20, 4000 Liège, Belgium, Food Science Department, Food Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Boulevard du Colonster 20, 4000 Liège, Belgium
Baert, L.;  Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
Botteldoorn, N.;  Division of Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
Denayer, S.;  Division of Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
Mauroy, Axel ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des maladies infectieuses et parasitaires > Virologie vétérinaire et maladies virales animales
Scipioni, A.;  Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Virology and Viral Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Boulevard du Colonster 20, 4000 Liège, Belgium
Daube, Georges  ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de sciences des denrées alimentaires > Microbiologie des denrées alimentaires
Dierick, K.;  Division of Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
Herman, L.;  Technology and Food Science Unit, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Flemish Government, Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium
van Coillie, E.;  Technology and Food Science Unit, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Flemish Government, Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium
Thiry, Etienne ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des maladies infectieuses et parasitaires > Virologie vétérinaire et maladies virales animales
Uyttendaele, M.;  Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
More authors (3 more) Less
Language :
English
Title :
Molecular Detection and Genotyping of Noroviruses
Publication date :
2012
Journal title :
Food and Environmental Virology
ISSN :
1867-0334
eISSN :
1867-0342
Publisher :
Springer, Germany
Volume :
4
Issue :
4
Pages :
153-167
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Available on ORBi :
since 01 February 2013

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