[fr] Cet article présente les différentes techniques d’investigation de la musculature rachidienne et analyse les données relatives aux muscles spinaux de sujets sains et lombalgiques chroniques. L’atrophie des muscles paravertébraux de lombalgiques chroniques et notamment une réduction
de leur surface de section et de leur densité musculaire peuvent être objectivées par l’imagerie médicale. La biopsie musculaire des muscles spinaux de sujets sains démontre un pourcentage élevé de fibres lentes (type I) lié à leur fonction posturale ; les femmes se caractérisent par une
meilleure adaptation à l’effort aérobie s’expliquant par une plus grande section musculaire relative occupée par les fibres de type I. Les muscles spinaux de lombalgiques chroniques présentent soit une atrophie marquée des fibres de type II, soit une conversion des fibres de type I en type II, soit la présence accrue d’anomalies non-spécifiques. La spectroscopie par résonance magnétique et en proche infrarouge, explorant respectivement le métabolisme musculaire et l’oxygénation tissulaire de la musculature spinale, restent encore peu décrites. L’électromyographie de surface confirme, chez les lombalgiques chroniques, la fatigabilité accrue des muscles spinaux et l’absence fréquente du phénomène de flexion–relaxation.
Disciplines :
Orthopedics, rehabilitation & sports medicine
Author, co-author :
Demoulin, Christophe ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences de la motricité > Kinésithérapie spécifique et réadaptation motrice
Crielaard, Jean-Michel ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences de la motricité > Evaluation et entraînement des aptitudes physiques - Médecine physique et réadaptation fonctionnelle
Vanderthommen, Marc ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences de la motricité > Kinésithérapie spécifique et réadaptation motrice
Language :
French
Title :
Exploration de la musculature rachidienne du sujet sain et lombalgique: revue de la littérature
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