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Chapter 17: Thiamin
Bettendorff, Lucien
2012In Erdman, Jr, John W.; MacDonald, Ian A.; Zeisel, Steven H. (Eds.) Present Knowledge in Nutrition
Peer reviewed
 

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Keywords :
Thiamine; Vitamins; Nutrition
Abstract :
[en] Thiamin (vitamin B1) was the first vitamin characterized and its discovery was at the origin of the concept of vitamin. Thiamin deficiency mainly affects the nervous system and causes two classical diseases, beriberi (a polyneuritic syndrome) and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (anterograde amnesia resulting from brain lesions in alcoholics). Thiamin transport through the membranes of intestinal and other cells requires specific carriers. As the process is rather slow, various lipid-soluble thiamin precursors with better bioavailability have been developed. In the cytosol, thiamin is pyrophosphorylated to thiamin diphosphate (ThDP), an indispenable cofactor in cell energy metabolism. Therefore, thiamin deficiency causes decreased cofactor function, leading to neuronal death. In addition, non-cofactor roles of the triphosphorylated derivatives thiamin triphosphate (ThTP) and adenosine thiamin triphosphate (AThTP) may play a role in metabolic regulation and may contribute to the pathology of thiamin deficiency-induced brain lesions. Current research interests are focused on the metabolism and role of thiamin derivatives (especially in catalysis by ThDP-dependent enzymes) and the biochemical and pathophysiological mechanisms by which thiamin deficiency induces specific brain lesions and may be implicated in other disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease and diabetes.
Research center :
Giga-Neurosciences - ULiège
Disciplines :
Biochemistry, biophysics & molecular biology
Author, co-author :
Bettendorff, Lucien  ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences biomédicales et précliniques > Biochimie et physiologie humaine et pathologique
Language :
English
Title :
Chapter 17: Thiamin
Publication date :
July 2012
Main work title :
Present Knowledge in Nutrition
Editor :
Erdman, Jr, John W.
MacDonald, Ian A.
Zeisel, Steven H.
Publisher :
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Edition :
10th Edition
ISBN/EAN :
9780470959176
Pages :
261-279
Peer reviewed :
Peer reviewed
Funders :
F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique [BE]
Available on ORBi :
since 12 June 2012

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