Modélisation du bilan de masse en surface du Svalbard avec le modèle régional MAR entre 1958 et 2010

It is well known that high latitude zones are very sensitive to climate change. As a result
of global warming, ice sheet melting has increased which in turn has an influence on
climate through modifications of the thermohaline circulation, feedback of ice albedo, sea
level rise,. . .
Svalbard is an archipelago located between 74 and 81◦ lat N and 60 percent of its area
(62 248 km2 ) is covered with glaciers and ice sheets. The impact of global warming on
the Svalbard cryosphere can be estimated with climate models. However, we need to use
regional climate models as they offer the possibility of a higher resolution than general
circulation models.
We have carried out a simulation of the Svalbard climate over the last 50 years (from
1958 to 2010) with the regional climate MAR model (tuned for the Greenland ice sheet)
at a 10 km resolution forced with the ECMWF reanalysis. As validation, the modeled
climate has been compared to near surface measurements at several weather stations
through the archipelago. The results show a large interannual variability of the surface
mass balance over Svalbard along with an increasing melting. The increase in temperature
is responsible for the melting rate and the interannual variability is due to the variations
of the mean summer temperature.