Factors involved in the aggregation of Harmonia axyridis Pallas

In order to survive cold winters, the invasive multicoloured Asian ladybeetle, Harmonia axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) forms large aggregations in dwellings to overwinter. The factors involved in the selection of aggregation sites remain misunderstood. The work presented herein focussed on the study of the chemical compounds involved in this phenomenon. Chemical and behavioural analyses highlighted that long-chain hydrocarbons lead congeners towards aggregation sites and ensure the cohesion of the cluster. Subsequently, physical factors were investigated. We studied the influence of (1) the density of individuals and (2) the quality of available shelters on H. axyridis decision to settle and aggregate under shelters. A binary choice experiment conducted in laboratory showed that the multicoloured Asian ladybeetles present a permanent aggregative behaviour, even during non-wintering conditions. These experiments also highlighted the existence of social interactions between individuals. All these results contribute to improve knowledge of this behaviour in H. axyridis and could be used in the design of species-specific traps in order to control infestations in dwellings.