[en] Transvenous electrical cardioversion was attempted in a horse with drug refractory atrial fibrillation. A temporary pacing catheter and two defibrillation catheters were inserted transvenously into the right ventricular apex, the right atrium and the pulmonary artery, respectively. Under general anaesthesia 100, 200, 300 and 360 J monophasic shocks were delivered between both defibrillation catheters but sinus rhythm could not be restored. Immediately after the 200, 300 and 360 J shock, transient third-degree atrioventricular block occurred for a period of, respectively, 15, 40 and 55 s. These periods of profound bradycardia were corrected by temporary right ventricular pacing until spontaneous conduction resumed. It is concluded that temporary right ventricular pacing should be available during electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation in horses. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Disciplines :
General & internal medicine Veterinary medicine & animal health
Author, co-author :
van Loon, G.
De Clercq, D.
Tavernier, R.
Amory, Hélène ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département clinique des animaux de compagnie et des équidés > Médecine interne des équidés
Deprez, P.
Language :
English
Title :
Transient complete atrioventricular block following transvenous electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation in a horse
J.J. Bertone W.E. Wingfield Atrial fibrillation in horses Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian 9 1987 763-771
R.A. Cooper C.A. Alferness W.M. Smith R.E. Ideker Internal cardioversion of atrial fibrillation in sheep Circulation 87 1993 1673-1686
P. Dorian M.J. Wang Defibrillation current and impedance are determinants of defibrillation energy-requirements Pace-Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology 11 1988 1996-2001
M.A. Frye C.G. Selders K.R. Mama A.E. Wagner J.M. Bright Use of biphasic electrical cardioversion for treatment of idiopathic atrial fibrillation in two horses Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 220 2002 1039-1045
Fuster, V. 2001. Guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines and Policy Conferences (Committee to develop guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation) developed in collaboration with the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. European Heart Journal 22, 1852-1923
N. Gjorgov F. Provenier L. Jordaens Low-energy intracardiac shocks during atrial fibrillation: Effects on cardiac rhythm American Heart Journal 133 1997 101-107
J.P. Heavens M.J. Cleland J.P. Maloney B.H. Rowe Effects of transthoracic impedance and peak current flow on defibrillation success in a prehospital setting Annals of Emergency Medicine 32 1998 191-199
J.P. Keener T.J. Lewis The biphasic mystery: Why a biphasic shock is more effective than a monophasic shock for defibrillation? Journal of Theoretical Biology 200 1999 1-17
Y. Khaykin D. Newman M. Kowalewski V. Korley P. Dorian Biphasic versus monophasic cardioversion in shock-resistant atrial fibrillation Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 14 2003 868-872
S. Levy P. Lacombe R. Cointe P. Bru High energy transcatheter cardioversion of chronic atrial fibrillation Journal of the American College of Cardiology 12 1988 514-518
S. Levy P. Lauribe E. Dolla W. Kou A. Kadish H. Calkins F. Pagannelli C. Moyal M. Bremondy A. Schork Y. Shyr S. Das M. Shea N. Gupta F. Morady A randomized comparison of external and internal cardioversion of chronic atrial-fibrillation Circulation 86 1992 1415-1420
J. Mansourati J.M. Larlet G. Salaun B. Maheu J.J. Blanc Safety of high energy internal cardioversion for atrial fibrillation Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology 20 1997 1919-1923
M.K.J. McGurrin P.W. Physick-Sheard D.G. Kenney C. Kerr W.J.B. Hanna F.T. Neto J.S. Weese Transvenous electrical cardioversion in equine atrial fibrillation: Technique and successful treatment of 3 horses Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 17 2003 715-718
M.W. Patteson C. Gibbs P.R. Wotton P.J. Cripps Echocardiographic measurements of cardiac dimensions and indices of cardiac function in normal adult thoroughbred horses Equine Veterinary Journal Supplement 1995 18-27
P. Pibarot A. Vrins Y. Salmon R. Difruscia Implantation of a programmable atrioventricular pacemaker in a donkey with complete atrioventricular block and syncope Equine Veterinary Journal 25 1993 248-251
A. Prakash S. Saksena P. Mathew R.B. Krol Internal atrial defibrillation: Effect on sinus and atrioventricular nodal function and implanted cardiac pacemakers Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology 20 1997 2434-2441
V.B. Reef E.S. Clark J.A. Oliver W.J. Donawick Implantation of a permanent transvenous pacing catheter in a horse with complete heart block and syncope Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 189 1986 449-452
V.B. Reef C.W. Levitan P.A. Spencer Factors affecting prognosis and conversion in equine atrial fibrillation Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 2 1988 1-6
V.B. Reef J.M. Reimer P.A. Spencer Treatment of atrial fibrillation in horses: New perspectives Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 9 1995 57-67
G. van Loon L. Jordaens E. Muylle H. Nollet B. Sustronck Intracardiac overdrive pacing as a treatment of atrial flutter in a horse Veterinary Record 142 1998 301-303
G. van Loon M. Duytschaever R. Tavernier W. Fonteyne L. Jordaens P. Deprez An equine model of chronic atrial fibrillation: Methodology The Veterinary Journal 164 2002 142-150
G. van Loon W. Fonteyne H. Rottiers R. Tavernier P. Deprez Implantation of a dual-chamber, rate-adaptive pacemaker in a horse with suspected sick sinus syndrome Veterinary Record 151 2002 541-545
G. van Loon W. Fonteyne H. Rottiers R. Tavernier L. Jordaens L. D'Hont R. Colpaert T. De Clercq P. Deprez Dual chamber pacemaker implantation via the cephalic vein in healthy equids Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 15 2001 564-571
G. van Loon H. Laevens P. Deprez Temporary transvenous atrial pacing in horses: Threshold determination Equine Veterinary Journal 33 2001 290-295
B. Waldecker P. Brugada M. Zehender W. Stevenson H.J. Wellens Dysrhythmias after direct-current cardioversion American Journal of Cardiology 57 1986 120-123
J.M. Wharton P.D. Wolf W.M. Smith P.S. Chen D.W. Frazier S. Yabe N. Danieley R.E. Ideker Cardiac potential and potential gradient fields generated by single, combined, and sequential shocks during ventricular defibrillation Circulation 85 1992 1510-1523
S. Yabe W.M. Smith J.P. Daubert P.D. Wolf D.L. Rollins R.E. Ideker Conduction disturbances caused by high current density electric fields Circulation Research 66 1990 1190-1203
