[en] In this work, we studied the possibility to use date juice for xanthan gum production by Xanthomonas campestris NRRL B-1459. The results showed that this strain has a high ability to metabolize date juice. The data on optimization of physiological conditions of fermentation, pH, temperature, inoculum's size, glucose and nitrogen concentration showed that the maximum xanthan yield of 24.5 g/L was obtained from 60 g/L glucose, 3 g/L ammonium sulphate when batch fermentation was carried with 5% inoculum's size at pH 7, 28C, 48 h, on a rotary orbital shaker at 180 rpm. The polysaccharide purified by high performance liquid chromatography and analyzed by thin layer chromatography contained glucose, glucoronic acid and mannose. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Agri-food by-products rich in sugars may be used to produce high added value food ingredients such as xanthan gum. No work has studied the production of this polysaccharide from date. This study is focused on given value addition to date by-product (hard texture) by production of xanthan gum. The effect of several parameters (pH, temperature, inoculum's size, agitation speed, nitrogen source and carbon concentration) on production yield was investigated.
(1970) Produits Dérivés des Fruits et des Légumes, Détermination des Sucres, , AFNOR., Association FranÃaise de Normalisation, Paris, France
(1990) Official Methods of Analyses, , AOAC., Association of Official Analytical Chemist, Washington, DC
Basaran-Kurbanoglu, E., Izzet-Kurbanoglu, N., Ram horn hydrolysate as enhancer of xanthan production in batch culture of Xanthomonas campestris EBK-4 isolate (2007) Process Biochem., 42, pp. 1146-1149
Besbes, S., Blecker, C., Deroanne, C., Bahloul, N., Lognay, G., Drira, N.-E., Attia, H., Date seed oil: Phenolic, tocopherol and sterol profiles (2004) Journal of Food Lipids, 11 (4), pp. 251-265. , DOI 10.1111/j.1745-4522.2004.01141.x
Besbes, S., Hentati, B., Blecker, C., Deroanne, C., Lognay, G., Drira, N.E., Voies de valorisation des sous produits de dattes: Valorisation du noyau (2005) Microbiologie HygiÃne Alimentaire, 18, pp. 3-11
Besbes, S., Cheikh Rouhou, S., Blecker, C., Deroanne, C., Lognay, G., Drira, N.E., Voies de valorisation des sous produits de dattes: Valorisation de la pulpe (2006) Microbiologie HygiÃne Alimentaire, 18, pp. 3-7
Besbes, S., Drira, L., Blecker, C., Deroane, C., Attia, H., Adding value to hard date (Phoenix dactylifera L.): Compositional, functional and sensory characteristics of date jam (2009) Food Chem., 112, pp. 406-411
Borges, C.D., Vendruscolo, C.T., Xanthan synthesized by strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv pruni: Production, viscosity and chemical composition (2007) Biosci. J., 23, pp. 67-73
Casas, J.A., Santos, V.E., Garcia-Ochoa, F., Xanthan gum production under several operational conditions: Molecular structure and rheological properties (2000) Enzyme Microb. Technol., 26, pp. 282-290
Esgalhado, M.E., Roseiro, J.C., Collaco, M.T.A., Interactive effects of pH and temperature on cell growth and polymer production by Xanthomonas campestris (1995) Process Biochem., 30, pp. 667-671
(2005) Bases de Données Statistiques de la FAO, , FAOSTAT., Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
Fernandes-Silva, M., Fornari, R.C.G., Mazutti, M.A., De Olivera, D., Ferreira-Padilha, F., Jose Cichoski, A., Luis-Cansian, R., Helen, T., Production and characterization of xantham gum by Xanthomonas campestris using cheese whey as sole carbon source (2009) J. Food Eng, 90, pp. 119-123
Flores-Candia, J.L., Dechwer, W.-D., Xanthan gum (1999) Encyclopedia of Bioprocess Technology: Fermentation, Biocatalysis, and Bioseparation, pp. 2695-3711. , In, Vol. 5 (M.C. Flickinger and S.W. Drew, eds.) pp., Wiley, New York, NY
Funahashi, H., MacHara, M., Taguchi, H., Yochida, D., Effect of glucose concentration on xanthan gum production by Xanthomonas campestris (1987) J. Chem. Eng, 65, pp. 603-606
Galindo, E., Salcedo, G., Ramirez, M.E., Preservation of Xanthomonas campestris on agar slopes: Effects on xanthan production (1994) Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 40 (5), pp. 634-637. , DOI 10.1007/s002530050041
Garcia-Ochoa, F., Santos, V.E., Casas, J.A., Gomez, E., Xanthan gum: Production, recovery, and properties (2000) Biotechnology Advances, 18 (7), pp. 549-579. , DOI 10.1016/S0734-9750(00)00050-1, PII S0734975000000501
Garcia-Ochoa, F., Santos, V.E., Alcon, A., Chemical structured kinetic model for xanthan production (2004) Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 35 (4), pp. 284-292. , DOI 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2003.11.024, PII S0141022904001528
Gupte, M.D., Kamat, M.Y., Isolation of Wild Xanthomonas Strains from Agricultural Produce, Their Characterization and Potential Related to Polysaccharide Production (1997) Folia Microbiologica, 42 (6), pp. 621-628
Heyraud, A., Sayah, B., Vojnov, A., Colin-Morel, G.C., Geremia, R.A., Dankaert, M., Structure of an extracellular mannosylated cellulose produced by a mutant strain of Xanthomonas campestris (1998) Cell. Mol. Biol., 44, pp. 447-454
Kalogiannis, S., Iakovidou, G., Liakopoulou-Kyriakides, M., Kyriakidis, D.A., Skaracis, G.N., Optimization of xanthan gum production by Xanthomonas campestris grown in molasses (2003) Process Biochemistry, 39 (2), pp. 249-256. , DOI 10.1016/S0032-9592(03)00067-0
Kang, F.S., Pettit, D.J., (1993) Xanthan, Gellan, Welan, and Rhamsan, Polysaccharides and Their Derivatives, pp. 341-399. , 3th Ed., pp., Academic Press, San Diego, CA
Liakopoulou-Kyriakides, M., Tzanakakis, E.S., Kiparissidis, C., Ekaterianiadou, L.V., Kyriakidis, D.A., Kinetics of xanthan gum production from whey by constructed strains of Xanthomonas campestris in batch fermentations (1997) Chemical Engineering and Technology, 20 (5), pp. 354-360
Lopez, M.J., Moreno, J., Ramos-Cormenzana, A., Xanthomonas campestris strain selection for xanthan production from olive mill wastewaters (2001) Water Research, 35 (7), pp. 1828-1830. , DOI 10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00430-9, PII S0043135400004309
Lowson, C.J., Symes, K.C., Oligosaccharides produced by partial acetolysis of xanthan gum (1977) Carbohydr. Res., 58, pp. 433-438
Miller, G.L., Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugars (1959) Anal. Chem., 31, pp. 426-428
Moreira, A.S., Souza, A., Vendruscolo, C.T., Determina de composi de biopolímero por cromatografia em camada delgada, metodologia (1998) Revista Brasileira de Agrociência, 4, pp. 222-224
Nitsche, M., Thomas, R.W.S.P., Xanthan gum production by wild-type isolates of Xanthomonas campestris (1995) World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 11, pp. 502-504
Papagianni, M., Psomas, S.K., Batsilas, L., Paras, S.V., Kyriakidis, D.A., Liakopoulou-Kyriakides, M., Xanthan production by Xanthomonas campestris in batch cultures (2001) Process Biochemistry, 37 (1), pp. 73-80. , DOI 10.1016/S0032-9592(01)00174-1, PII S0032959201001741
Papoutsopoulou, S.V., Ekateriniadou, L.V., Kyriakidis, D.A., Genetic construction of Xantomonas campestris and xanthan gum production from whey (1994) Biotechnol. Lett., 16, pp. 1235-1240
Rosalam, S., England, R., Review of xanthan gum production from unmodified starches by Xanthomonas comprestris sp (2006) Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 39 (2), pp. 197-207. , DOI 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.10.019, PII S0141022905004631
Sanchez, A., Ramirez, M.E., Torres, L.G., Galindo, E., Characterization of xanthans from selected Xanthomonas strains cultivated under constant dissolved oxygen (1997) World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 13 (4), pp. 443-451
Santos, V.E., (1993) Produccioan de Xantano, pp. 125-129. , PhD Thesis Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
Shu, C.H., Yang, S.T., Effects of temperature on cell growth and xanthan production in batch cultures of Xanthomonas campestris (1990) Biotechnol. Bioeng., 35, pp. 454-468
Sousa, A., Venduscolo, C.T., Produ e caracteriza dos biopolímeros sintetizados por Xanthomonas campestris pv pruni cepas (1999) Ciência e Engenharia, 8, pp. 115-123
Sutherlan, I.W., Swings, J.G., Civerolo, E.L., (1993) Xanthan from Xanthomonas Campestris, pp. 363-387. , pp., Chapman and Hall, London, UK