electric stimulation; muscles; rehabilitation; spatial behavior
Abstract :
[en] OBJECTIVES: To evaluate, with a high spatial resolution, the blood flow variations in human skeletal muscle during neuromuscular electric stimulation (NMES) and hence to gain better understanding of the mechanisms of muscle spatial recruitment during NMES. DESIGN: One thigh was submitted to 3 stimulation bouts of different durations (S1=4min, S2=8min, S3=12min) with a workload corresponding to 10% of quadriceps maximal isometric voluntary torque. SETTING: A cyclotron research center at a Belgian university. PARTICIPANTS: Ten healthy male volunteers. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Participants were studied with positron emission tomography and H(2)(15)O. Tissue blood flow was evaluated during the last 4 minutes of each stimulation bout in multiple regions of interest (ROIs) selected in the transverse section of the stimulated thigh. RESULTS: Mean tissue blood flow was significantly lower during S1 (5.9+/-1.3mL. min(-1). 100g(-1)) than during S2 (10.6+/-3.4mL. min(-1). 100g(-1)) and S3 (11.6+/-3.7mL. min(-1). 100g(-1)) (P<.05). For each ROI, an arbitrary tissue blood flow activation level of 5mLmin(-1)100g(-1) was fixed. The mean percentage of activated ROIs reached 42.4%, 62.7%, and 63.6% during S1, S2, and S3, respectively. Between S1 and S3, the newly recruited ROIs were preferentially located far from the electrode. CONCLUSION: During NMES, new muscular regions situated far from the stimulation site are recruited. These recruitment mechanisms are particular and contrast with the recruitment of motor units seen during voluntary contraction.
Disciplines :
Orthopedics, rehabilitation & sports medicine
Author, co-author :
Vanderthommen, Marc ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences de la motricité > Kinésithérapie spécifique et réadaptation motrice
Depresseux, J. C.
Dauchat, L.
Degueldre, Christian ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Centre de recherches du cyclotron
Croisier, Jean-Louis ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences de la motricité > Kinésithérapie générale et réadaptation
Crielaard, Jean-Michel ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences de la motricité > Evaluation et entraînement des aptitudes physiques
Language :
English
Title :
Blood flow variation in human muscle during electrically stimulated exercise bouts
Publication date :
July 2002
Journal title :
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
ISSN :
0003-9993
eISSN :
1532-821X
Publisher :
W B Saunders Co, Philadelphia, United States - Pennsylvania
Kramer J.F., Mendryk S.W. (1982) Electrical stimulation as a strength improvement technique: A review. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 4:91-98.
Erikkson E., Häggmard T. (1979) Comparison of isometric muscle training and electrical stimulation supplementing isometric muscle training in the recovery after major knee ligament surgery. Am J Sports Med 7:169-171.
Cybulski G.C., Penn R.D., Jaeger R.J. (1984) Lower extremity functional neuromuscular stimulation in cases of spinal cord injury. Neurosurgery 15:132-146.
Eriksen B.G., Eik-Nes S.H. (1989) Long-term electrostimulation of the pelvic floor: Primary therapy in female stress incontinence?. Urol Int 44:90-95.
Scott O.M., Hyde S.A., Vrbova G., Dubowitz V. (1990) Therapeutic possibilities of chronic low frequency electrical stimulation in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. J Neurol Sci 95:171-182.
Delitto A., Rose S.J., McKowen J.M., Lehman R.C., Thomas J.A., Shively R.A. (1988) Electrical stimulation versus voluntary exercise in strengthening thigh musculature after anterior cruciate ligament surgery. Phys Ther 68:660-663.
Draper V., Ballard L. (1991) Electrical stimulation versus electromyographic biofeedback in the recovery of quadriceps femoris muscle function following anterior cruciate ligament surgery. Phys Ther 71:455-464.
Morrissey M.C., Brewster C.E., Shields C.L., Brown M. (1985) The effects of electrical stimulation on the quadriceps during postoperative knee immobilization. Am J Sports Med 13:40-45.
Vanderthommen M., Constant T., Crielaard J.M. (1992) Rehabilitation of quadriceps: Interest of low frequency electrical stimulation after knee arthroscopy. Kinésithér Sci 308:21-22.
Shenton D.W., Heppenstall R.B., Chance B., Glasgow S.G., Schnall M.D., Sapega A.A. (1986) Electrical stimulation of human muscle studied sing 13P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Orthop Res 4:204-211.
Vanderthommen M., Gilles R., Carlier P. (1999) Human muscle energetics during voluntary and electrically induced isometric contractions as measured by 31P NMR spectroscopy. Int J Sports Med 20:279-283.
Frackowiak R.S., Lenzi G., Jones T., Heather J.D. (1980) Quantitative measurement of regional cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism in man using 150 and positron emission tomography. J Comp Assist Tomogr 4:727-736.
Depresseux J.C., Cheslet J.P., Franck G. (1983) An original method for the concomitant tomographic assessment of cerebral blood flow, oxygen extraction rate, blood volume exchangeable water volume in man. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 3:152-153.
Vanderthommen M., Depresseux J.C., Bauvir P. (1997) A positron emission tomography study of voluntarily and electrically contracted human quadriceps. Muscle Nerve 20:505-507.
Ament W., Lubbers J., Rakhorst G. (1998) Skeletal muscle perfusion measured by positron emission tomography during exercise. Pflugers Arch 436:653-658.
Depresseux J.C. Kinetic models and methods in functional medical imaging , [French]. London: John Libbey; 1989, 235-238.
Elia M., Kurpad A. (1993) What is the blood flow to resting human muscle?. Clin Sci 84:559-563.
Ruotsalainen U., Raitakari M., Nuutila P. (1997) Quantitative blood flow measurement of skeletal muscle using oxygen-15-water and PET. J Nucl Med 38:314-319.
Dyke C.K., Proctor D.N., Dietz N.M., Joyner M.J. (1995) Role of nitric oxide in exercise hyperaemia during prolonged rhythmic handgripping in humans. J Physiol 488(PT 1):259-265.
Shoemaker J.K., Hughson R.L. (1999) Adaptation of blood flow during the rest to work transition in humans. Med Sci Sports Exerc 31:1019-1026.
Thysman S., Van Neste D., Preat V. (1995) Noninvasive investigation of human skin after in vivo iontophoresis. Skin Pharmacol 8:229-236.
Wallin B.G. (1990) Neural control of human skin blood flow. J Auton Nerv Syst 30.
Leyk D., Baum K., Wamser P., Wackerhage H., Essfeld D. (1999) Cardiac output, leg blood flow and oxygen uptake during foot plantar flexions. Int J Sports Med 20:510-515.
Miller C., Thepaut-Mathieu C. (1993) Strength training by electrostimulation conditions for efficacy. Int J Sports Med 14:20-28.
Garland S.J., McComas A.J. (1988) Relationship between numbers and frequencies of stimuli in human muscle fatigue. J Appl Physiol 65:89-93.