[en] The occurrence of autochthonous clinical cases of canine and equine babesiosis in Belgium during the last two decades suggests that the vector of the pathogens responsible for these diseases, Dermacentor reticulatus (Ixodida: Ixodidae), may be present in this country. Consequently, evidence for the presence of this tick species in different locations within Belgium was investigated. Four different locations were monitored by flagging in 2010; these included the locations at which D. reticulatus was previously found on a dog in 2009 and on two red deer in 2007. Two different species of tick were identified, Ixodes ricinus (Ixodida: Ixodidae) and D. reticulatus. A total of 282 D. reticulatus adult ticks (98 males, 184 females) were collected from the four sites. Ticks were found mainly from early March until the end of May and a peak in activity was apparent in March. A Babesia spp. (Piroplasmida: Babesiidae) genus-specific polymerase chain reaction test based on the amplification of a fragment of the 18S rRNA gene was used to investigate the potential presence of Babesia spp. All DNA extracts isolated from the total tick samples yielded negative results. Additional studies to accurately determine the distribution and vectorial capacity of this important tick species in Belgium are warranted.
Disciplines :
Veterinary medicine & animal health Entomology & pest control
Linden, Annick ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des maladies infectieuses et parasitaires > Santé et pathologies de la faune sauvage
Saegerman, Claude ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des maladies infectieuses et parasitaires > Epidémiologie et analyse des risques appl. aux sc. vétér.
Heyman, Paul
Losson, Bertrand ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des maladies infectieuses et parasitaires > Parasitologie et pathologie des maladies parasitaires
✱ These authors have contributed equally to this work.
Language :
English
Title :
Foci report on indigenous Dermacentor reticulatus populations in Belgium and a preliminary study of associated babesiosis pathogens.
Publication date :
2012
Journal title :
Medical and Veterinary Entomology
ISSN :
0269-283X
eISSN :
1365-2915
Publisher :
Wiley, New York, United States - New York
Volume :
26
Issue :
3
Pages :
355-358
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Commentary :
(c) 2011 The Authors. Medical and Veterinary Entomology (c) 2011 The Royal Entomological Society.
Arthur, D.R. (1963) British Ticks. Butterworth & Co, London.
Barutzki, D., Reule, M., Scheunemann, R., Heile, C. & Schein, E. (2007) Die Babesiose des Hundes. Deutsches Tierärzteblatt, 3, 284-293.
Baumgarten, B.U., Rollinghoff, M. & Bogdan, C. (1999) Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi and granulocytic and monocytic ehrlichiae in Ixodes ricinus ticks from southern Germany. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 37, 3448-3451.
Boom, R., Sol, C.J., Salimans, M.M., Jansen, C.L., Wertheim-van Dillen, P.M. & van der Noordaa, J. (1990) Rapid and simple method for purification of nucleic acids. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 28, 495-503.
Bram, R.A. (1978) Surveillance and collection of arthropods of veterinary importance. Agriculture Handbook, 518, 108-109.
Casati, S., Sager, H., Gern, L. & Piffaretti, J.C. (2006) Presence of potentially pathogenic Babesia sp. for human in Ixodes ricinus in Switzerland. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 13, 65-70.
Dautel, H., Dippel, C., Oehme, R., Hartelt, K. & Schettler, E. (2006) Evidence for an increased geographical distribution of Dermacentor reticulatus in Germany and detection of Rickettsia sp. RpA4. International Journal of Medical Microbiology, 296, 149-156.
Duh, D., Tozon, N., Petrovec, M., Strasek, K. & Avsic-Zupanc, T. (2004) Canine babesiosis in Slovenia: molecular evidence of Babesia canis canis and Babesia canis vogeli. Veterinary Research, 35, 363-368.
Fain, A. (1989) Remarques preliminaires sur les tiques (Acari: Ixodoidea) de Belgique. Symposium Invertebres de Belgiques, Brussels, pp. 211-217.
Fain, A. (1990) Les tiques de Belgique (Acari: Ixodidea) (ed. by J. Van Goethem ). L'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Brussels.
Gray, J.S., Dautel, H., Estrada-Pena, A., Kahl, O. & Lindgren, E. (2009) Effects of climate change on ticks and tick-borne diseases in Europe. Interdisciplinary Perspectives in Infectious Diseases, DOI: 10.1155/2009/593232.
Heile, C., Heydorn, A.-O. & Schein, E. (2006) Dermacentor reticulatus (Fabricius, 1794)-Verbreitung, Biologie und Vektor von Babesia canis in Deutschland. Berliner und Münchener Tierärztliche Wochenschrift, 119, 330-334.
Hillyard, P.D. (1996) Ticks of North-West Europe. Natural History Museum, London.
Lempereur, L., De Cat, A., Caron, Y., Madder, M., Claerebout, E., Saegerman, C. & Losson, B. (2011) First molecular evidence of potentially zoonotic Babesia microti and Babesia sp. EU1 in Ixodes ricinus ticks in Belgium. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 11, 125-130.
Lindgren, E. & Gustafson, R. (2001) Tick-borne encephalitis in Sweden and climate change. The Lancet, 358, 16-18.
Losson, B., Mollet, J.J., Avez, F., Malaise, F. & Mignon, B. (1999) Description de trois cas autochtones de babésiose canine (Babesia canis) en Belgique. Annales Médicale Vétérinaire, 143, 119-124.
Losson, B., Baar, D., Marechal, F., Barbé, M. & Mignon, B. (2003) Hard ticks (Acarina, Ixodidae) found on domestic carnivores in Belgium: a survey conducted during three consecutive years. Proceedings of the XIX Conference of the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology, New Orleans, LA, p. 239.
Mantran, A., Votion, D.M. & Amory, H. (2004) Piroplasmose: une réalité belge? Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Belgian Equine Practitioners Society, Brussels, p. 21.
Martinod, S. & Gilot, B. (1991) Epidemiology of canine babesiosis in relation to the activity of Dermacentor reticulatus in southern Jura (France). Experimental Applied Acarology, 11, 215-222.
Matjila, T.P., Nijhof, A.M., Taoufik, A., Houwers, D., Teske, E., Penzhorn, B.L. & Jongejan, F. (2005) Autochthonous canine babesiosis in the Netherlands. Veterinary Pathology, 131, 23-29.
Nijhof, A.M., Bodaan, C., Postigo, M. et al. (2007) Ticks and associated pathogens collected from domestic animals in the Netherlands. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 7, 585-595.
Porchet, M.J., Sager, H., Muggli, L., Oppliger, A., Müller, N., Frey, C. & Gottstein, B. (2007) A descriptive epidemiological study on canine babesiosis in the Lake Geneva region. Schweizer Archiv Tierheilkunde, 149, 457-465.
Rar, V.A., Maksimova, T.G., Zakharenko, L.P., Bolykhina, S.A., Dobrotvorsky, A.K. & Morozova, O.V. (2005) Babesia DNA detection in canine blood and Dermacentor reticulatus ticks in southwestern Siberia, Russia. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 5, 285-287.
Sixl, W., Petrovec, M., Marth, E., Wust, G., Stunzner, D., Schweiger, R. & Avsic-Zupanc, T. (2003) Investigation of Anaplasma phagocytophila infections in Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus ticks in Austria. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 990, 94-97.
Sréter, T., Széll, Z. & Varga, I. (2005) Spatial distribution of Dermacentor reticulatus and Ixodes ricinus in Hungary: evidence for change? Veterinary Parasitology, 128, 347-351.
Zygner, W., Gorski, P. & Wedrychowicz, H. (2009) New localities of Dermacentor reticulatus tick (vector of Babesia canis canis) in central and eastern Poland. Polish Journal of Veterinary Science, 12, 549-555.