[en] Bronchoconstriction is one of the most constant clinical sign observed in heaves-affected horses in crisis. Cholinergic pathways are involved in the occurrence of this obstruction. Consequently anticholinergic drugs are potentially able to improve the pulmonary function of horses in acute crisis. Among these, atropine and ipratropium bromide have been previously experimented and their beneficial effects reported. In the present work, glycopyrrolate, another synthetic anticholinergic molecule has been tested for bronchodilator efficiency in heaves-affected horses. An acute exacerbation of the illness was obtained by a natural challenge with hay and straw in 7 heaves-affected horses. The first day, the reversibility of the bronchospasm of these horses was controlled by intravenous administration of atropine. Then, pulmonary function tests including mechanics of breathing, ie measurement of pleural pressure changes and respiratory airflows, and arterial blond gases analysis, were performed before as well as 15 and 60 minutes alter inhalation of 1500 µg of glycopyrrolate (Robinul®). The crisis induced a dramatic increase of total pulmonary resistance and maximal pleural pressure changes as well as a decrease in dynamic lung compliance. These changes were significantly reversed 15 and 60 minutes after inhalation of glycopyrrolate. We did not observe any adverse effects similar to those classically observed with atropine. These results showed that glycopyrrolate is a very efficient bronchodilator that may be used by the practitioner to treat a heaves-affected horses in crisis [fr] Chez le cheval, l'apparition d'une crise aiguë de pousse s'accompagne notamment de bronchospasme qui peut être levé par l'administration d'agents anticholinergiques. Parmi ceux-ci, l'atropine et l'ipratropium bromide ont déjà été testés et leur efficacité prouvée. Dans cette étude, l'efficacité du glycopyrrolate, une molécule synthétique anti-muscarinique, en tant qu'agent bronchodilatateur chez le cheval a été testée. Sept chevaux poussifs ont été mis en crise par un challenge naturel au foin et à la paille. La réversibilité de la crise par administration intraveineuse de sulfate d'atropine a été préalablement testée. Des tests de fonction pulmonaire, ie mécanique ventilatoire et analyse de gaz sanguins artériels, ont été réalisés avant, 15 minutes et 60 minutes après l'administration par aérosol de 1500 µg de glycopyrrolate (Robinul®). L'augmentation de la résistance pulmonaire totale et du maximum de variation de pression pleurale et la diminution de la compliance induites par la crise étaient significativement inversées 15 et 60 minutes après le traitement au glycopyrrolate. Il est conclu que chez le cheval poussif en crise, le glycopyrrolate en aérosol à la dose de 1500 µg a des effets comparables à ceux de l'atropine intraveineuse ou que l'ipratropium bromide en poudre sèche à la dose de 1200 µg. En outre, le traitement semble être parfaitement toléré, et aucun effet secondaire n'est observé. Le glycopyrrolate a donc incontestablement une place dans la batterie thérapeutique du praticien équin amené à traiter une crise de pousse
Disciplines :
Anatomy (cytology, histology, embryology...) & physiology Veterinary medicine & animal health
Author, co-author :
Art, Tatiana ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de sciences fonctionnelles > Phys. neuro-muscul., de l'effort - Méd. sport. des animaux
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